早中期肝癌患者的疾病感知与生活质量的相关性研究

目的 研究早中期肝癌患者疾病感知(对自身疾病的认知和情绪反应)与生活质量的相关性.方法 对2015年1-12月入住第三军医大学西南医院肝脏外科的早中期肝癌患者,以癌症患者生活质量量表和疾病感知量表进行测评,多元线性回归分析在人口统计学、社会支持和应对方式等影响因素共同存在的情况下,疾病感知与生活质量的相关性.结果 共220例患者纳入本研究.多元线性回归分析结果显示,男性患者的总体生活质量平均分显著高于女性患者(P<0.001),疾病感知中的自我对疾病的控制力(β=1.707,P=0.003)、感知的症状大小(β=-1.315,P=0.016)、对疾病的了解程度(β=1.489,P=0.014)与总体生活质量具有相关性.结论 早中期肝癌患者对疾病的控制力、感知的症状大小以及对疾病的了解程度影响其生活质量.     

Can I trust in what I see? EEG evidence for a cognitive evaluation of perceptual constructs

Environmental information available to our senses is incomplete and to varying degrees ambiguous. It has to be disambiguated in order to construct stable and reliable percepts. Ambiguous figures are artificial examples where perception is maximally unstable and alternates between possible interpretations. Tiny low‐level changes can disambiguate an ambiguous figure and thus stabilize percepts. The present study compares ERPs evoked by ambiguous stimuli and disambiguated stimulus variants across three visual categories: geometry (Necker cube), motion (stroboscopic alternative motion stimulus, SAM) and semantics (Boring's old/young woman). We found that (a) disambiguated stimulus variants cause stable percepts and evoke two huge positive ERP excursions (Cohen's effect sizes 1–2), (b) the amplitudes of these ERP effects are inversely related to the degree of stimulus ambiguity, and (c) this pattern of results is consistent across all three tested visual categories. This generality across visual categories points to mechanisms at a very abstract (cognitive) level of processing. We discuss our results in the context of a high‐level Bayesian inference unit that evaluates the reliability of perceptual processing results, given a priori incomplete, ambiguous sensory information. The ERP components may reflect the outcome of this reliability estimation.     

HIV/AIDS risk perception and behavior of college students of the Metekel Zone,Benishangul Gumuz regional state,Ethiopia

Sexual and reproductive health problems are the main causes of death, disability and disease among young people in the world, particularly in Africa. The objective of this study was to assess human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) risk perception and behavior, and factors associated with risk perception, among college students of the Metekel Zone, Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used. The data were collected using a pretested and self-administered questionnaire, were entered into EPI INFO version 6 and exported into Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 for analysis. Variables with p < 0.02 in the bivariate logistic regression were entered to multivariate logistic regression and variables with p < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Three hundred and eighty-eight students were participated. Total 43% of respondents (50.70% males and 34.10% females) had had sex. About 48.81% of the sexually active respondents reported that they had had sexual intercourse with two or more partners. About 16.49% of study participants perceived themselves at risk of getting HIV/AIDS and the most frequently, cited reasons for perceiving oneself at risk were having sex without a condom, having multiple sexual partners and having sex with commercial sex workers (CSW). Chewing khat (adjusted OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.45?8.63); being willing to undergo voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) (adjusted OR = 4. 30, 95% CI: 1.09?16.88); having seen a person infected/dead of HIV (adjusted OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 1.36?13.13) and having multiple sexual partners (adjusted OR = 6.10, 95% CI: 2.40?15.44) were significantly associated with HIV risk perception. The risk perception of HIV/AIDS among the college students was low despite their involvement in different risky sexual behaviors. The government should use mass media techniques, such as television, radio, mobile services and posters to spread information on HIV transmission prevention among college students, especially information on the importance of condom use, minimizing the number of sexual partners and VCT. College administrations need to disseminate information through special lectures, and group discussions about khat chewing, HIV/AIDS and VCT.     

青少年及成人语前聋患者术后听力语言能力康复效果评估

目的 了解14岁及以上青少年、成人语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后听力及语言能力康复水平。方法 对48例语前聋患者家属用问卷或电话随访方式进行调查。采用听觉行为分级标准(CAP)和语言可懂度分级标准(SIR)作为评估材料,对患者术后一年的听觉能力及语言能力进行分级评估,根据植入时患者年龄分为A组(≥14岁)18人,和B组(＜14岁)30人,比较两组患者术后6个月及18个月SIR及CAP 得分值。结果 术后第6月时,SIR得分A组与B组无统计学差异(P＞0.05);CAP等分A组与B组有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。术后第18个月时,A组与B组SIR和CAP等分均有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。A组内在术后第6个月及第18个月的SIR及CAP得分无统计学差异(P＞0.05);B组内在术后第6个月及第18个月SIR及CAP得分有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。结论 青少年及成人语前聋患者术后听觉语言能力康复效果不如幼儿及学龄期语前聋患者,术后语言听觉语言能力进步速度较慢。     

青少年及成人语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后听力语言能力康复效果评估

目的 了解14岁及以上青少年、成人语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后听力及语言能力康复水平。方法 对48例语前聋患者家属用问卷或电话随访方式进行调查。采用听觉行为分级标准(CAP)和语言可懂度分级标准(SIR)作为评估材料,对患者术后一年的听觉能力及语言能力进行分级评估,根据植入时患者年龄分为A组(≥14岁)18例和B组(＜14岁)30例,比较两组患者术后6个月及18个月SIR及CAP 得分值。结果 组间比较:术后6个月时,SIR得分A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);CAP得分A组与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。术后18个月时,A组与B组SIR和CAP得分均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。组内比较:两组在术后6个月及18个月的SIR及CAP得分和术前相比均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。各评分术后18个月和术后6个月相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 青少年及成人语前聋患者术后听觉语言能力康复效果不如幼儿及学龄期语前聋患者,术后语言听觉语言能力进步速度较慢。     

Analysis of food irradiation education for elementary,middle, and high school students for three years in South Korea

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

The current South Korean government policy on food irradiation technology should be reformed based on an in-depth investigation of the communications aspect, because the issue is no longer of a technological nature, given the proven safety and efficacy of the processes.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

The target population of the education program consisted of elementary, middle, and high school students attending 310 schools in South Korea (2013: 63 schools, 2014: 104 schools, 2015: 143 schools). Data subjected to analysis were 13,327 pre-education and 12,641 post-education questionnaires received from 7,582 elementary, 2,671 middle, and 3,249 high school students who participated in the education program from May 2012 to April 2015 (n = 12,831), after the exclusion of inadequately filled-in questionnaires.

RESULTS

Analysis of the three-year educational effect trend was conducted by comparing levels of variables before and after food radiation education. The analysis yielded the finding that the post-education levels were significantly higher for all variables. That is, for interest in education, perception (necessity, safety, subjective knowledge, and information acquisition), objective knowledge, and attitude, with the sole exception of objective knowledge in 2013.

CONCLUSIONS

Given that post-education levels of perception, knowledge, and attitude concerning irradiated foods increased considerably compared to pre-education levels, behavior change should be induced by providing continuous education to enhance, these primary variables.