对贫困人口实施医疗救助

本文在分析了我国城乡居民收入分配中的公平性加重、医疗保障水平降低、医疗费用大幅度上涨、个人负担比例增加和卫生保健等筹资的“供方投入”模式的不合理性以及贫困人口较差的健康状况和卫生服务利用水平、贫困人口的主要健康问题、“需方投入”模式对供方的激励作用的基础上,认为对贫困人口实施医疗救助不仅符合公平原则,而且符合效率原则。医疗救助计划应该成为我国目前正在步步深入的卫生改革的重要组成部分。作者分别以我国     

合肥市1993—1997年城区居民恶性肿瘤死亡分析

本文对合肥市１９９３—１９９７年城区居民恶性肿癌死亡进行了分析,结果显示恶性肿瘤死亡率居该市死因第一位,死亡居前的是肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌,５０—６９岁年龄段人群恶性肿瘤死亡率成倍增长,７０—８０岁年龄段癌症死亡率最高,分析表明老年人是暴露恶性肿癌危险因素高危人群,是癌症防治的重点人群。     

Establishing a new university department of rural health: the first 2 years of the South Australian Centre for Rural and Remote Health

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to describe the establishment of a new University Department of Rural Health (UDRH) in South Australia and to report early achievements. In May 1997, the UDRH was established, key staff were recruited, infrastructure was developed and in April 1998 a Joint University Committee on Rural and Remote Health was formed. By mid-1999, 14 full-time equivalent staff were employed in Whyalla and Adelaide. Early achievements include: review of undergraduate rural placements; increased rural clinical placements by 1000 student-weeks; partnership with the Dental School resulting in training opportunities and falling public dental waiting lists; multidisciplinary teaching practices in four rural sites; priority public health projects established; competitive research grants won; and a capital grant to strengthen Aboriginal health services infrastructure secured. These early achievements demonstrate UDRH potential to have a real impact on health worker education, service delivery, and public health status in rural and remote areas. This strong foundation must now be built on.     

A STUDY OF POSTDIAGNOSIS BREAST CANCER CONCERNS FOR WOMEN LIVING IN RURAL AND REMOTE QUEENSLAND. PART I: PERSONAL CONCERNS

The findings presented in this paper are part of a research project designed to provide a preliminary indication of the support needs of postdiagnosis women with breast cancer in remote and isolated areas in Queensland. This discussion will present data that focuses on the women's expressed personal concerns. For participants in this research a diagnosis of breast cancer involves a confrontation with their own mortality and the possibility of a reduced life span. This is a definite life crisis, creating shock and needing considerable adjustment. Along with these generic issues the participants also articulated significant issues in relation to their experience as women in a rural setting. These concerns centred around worries about how their partner and families cope during their absences for treatment, the additional burden on the family of having to cope with running the property or farm during the participant's absence or illness, added financial strain brought about by the cost of travel for treatment, maintenance of properties during absences, and problems created by time off from properties or self-employment. These findings accord with other reports of health and welfare services for rural Australian and the generic literature on psycho-oncology studies of breast cancer.     

The emergency medicine training needs of rural general practitioners

This study aimed to identify the emergency medicine training needs of rural general practitioners (GPs) in the catchment area of the Hunter Rural Division of General Practice. The GPs were surveyed using a questionnaire in which they were asked about their confidence levels in a number of specific emergency medicine skills, and about the areas of emergency medicine that they saw as priorities for upskilling. More than a third of GPs who were responsible for on-call work at the hospital indicated that they had low levels of confidence in a number of their emergency medicine skills, in particular skills relating to paediatric emergencies, cardiovascular emergencies, and respiratory emergencies. These emergency medicine domains were also seen as high priorities for upskilling by the majority of the respondents. The study shows that rural doctors need the opportunity to access emergency medicine training that provides upskilling not only in the management of clinical problems, but also in practical procedures.     

Metropolitan researchers undertaking rural research: benefits and pitfalls

Can or should metropolitan residents research their rural counterparts and if they do are there inherent pitfalls or benefits? Throughout the history of social and anthropological research there has been debate on the insider–outsider/native–stranger controversy as to who should carry out the field work. This discourse will explore the author’s personal experiences in the context of planning a rural health project, entering the field, accessing the informants, interviewing the informants and leaving the field.     

Poorer nutritional status of the older-generation in a Japanese farming village, as related to fewer types of food consumed

This study was carried out to determine whether the most recent nutritional improvements in Japanese farming villages were due to improvement in the diet of the young only or across all ages. Food duplicates for 24 h were collected. The number of food items and the adequacy of each nutrient level were compared between subgroups, by age of cooking and those eating meals. The older-generation used and ate fewer food items resulting in poorer nutrition. The most recent improvement in nutrition in the farming villages of Japan was found mainly to affect the younger-generation with the older-generations being more poorly nourished.     

Caregiver distress: what nurses in rural settings can do to help

Caregivers in rural settings experience unmet needs. Some family caregivers in rural areas, either willingly or grudgingly, take on the role of caregiving as one of many responsibilities. A review of the literature reveals that the burden of the added responsibility results in physiological and psychological caregiver distress. The authors suggest some strategies to meet caregiver needs and outline areas where research is needed.     

我国农村地区实施大病统筹合作医疗或医疗保险方案的技术缺陷

在我国中等发达及上农村地区,大病统筹合作医疗或医疗保险以其可缓解农村居民的就医经济风险而受到欢迎,但是在方案的拟订过程中尚存在一些明显的技术缺陷,比如,“大病”的技术定义、农村居民就医经济风险分析、风险临界线界定、保险经付比测算和保险费率厘定等,这些技术的缺乏,已严重影响农村合作医疗或医疗保险的推广和实施效果。     

延边农村地区朝鲜族HBV、HCV、HDV感染状况调查

为摸清延边农村地区朝鲜族人群乙、丙、丁型肝炎病毒(HBV、HCV、HDV)感染状况,用ELISA法对585名朝鲜族成年人进行了HBV、HCV和HDV感染标志物的检测.HBV、HCV标化感染率与HBsAg标化阳性率分别为50.91%、4.85%和8.57%,年龄组间差异无显著性.HBV、HCV双重感染率为2.56%,HBV与HCV的感染相关无显著性.42例HBsAg阳性者中HDV感染率4.76%.HBV感染模式有15种,其中以单项抗-HBs阳性多见,人群中占31.97%.表明人群中HBV、HCV和HDV感染的流行情况不同.