脉络宁弥可保治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床研究

目的观察脉络宁、弥可保联用治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的临床疗效并探讨其作用机理.方法将102例DPN患者随机分为脉络宁与弥可保治疗组和弥可保时照组(各51例),观察其对DPN的临床疗效、NCV及血流变等指标的影响.结果治疗组在治疗后临床疗效明显改善(P＜0.05),NCV明显加快(P＜0.01),血流变学指标明显改善(P＜0.05).结论脉络宁与弥可保能够明显减轻DPN患者的临床症状,改变神经传导速度,改善血流变指标,对防治DPN有较好疗效.     

乳腺肿瘤的高频超声检查与鉴别诊断

目的对乳腺肿瘤的高频声像图特征与CDFI的表现进行探讨.方法对59例经手术、病理证实为乳腺肿瘤的高频声像图与病理进行对照.结果高频超声在肿块的物理性质诊断方面符合率达100%,在肿块良恶性鉴别诊断方面符合率为87.4%.本组的病灶好发于乳腺外上象限及内上象限,良性肿瘤彩色血流显示率低,且多位于肿瘤周边部,血流检出率为48.6%(17/35);而恶性肿瘤内部见短条状血流信号,血流检出率为91.7%(22/24),两者差异有显著性(P<0.004).结论乳腺肿瘤有明显声像特征,高频超声诊断符合率高.     

丁咯地尔对颈内动脉系统TIA患者的血流动力学及血液流变学的影响

目的观察丁咯地尔（意速）注射液治疗颈内动脉系统TIA患者的血流动力学及血液流变学的变化。方法选择颈内动脉系统TIA患者56例，随机分为两组，每组28例，治疗组用意速200mg加入生理盐水250ml静滴，对照组用复方丹参注射液30ml加入生理盐水250ml静滴，每天1次，疗程均为15天，治疗前后检测血流动力学及血液流变学指标变化。结果治疗组治疗前后血流动力学指标明显改善（P〈0．01），两组间比较差异亦有显著性（P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗前后血液流变学指标比较，差异有显著性（t=2．01～2．26，P〈0．05），两组间治疗后比较，差异亦有显著性（t=3．56～4．36，P〈0．01）。结论意速可有效改善颈内动脉系统TIA患者血流动力学及血液流变学指标。     

Jet stream related iatrogenic retinal breaks during vitreo-retinal surgery

Purpose:To evaluate the causes of jet stream injury (JSI)-related iatrogenic retinal breaks (IRBs) during vitreoretinal surgery (VRS).Methods:The precise surgical environment, which includes the indication and type of surgical procedure, retina status, details of instrumentation and fluidic parameters, and characteristics of the jet responsible for the IRB, was noted from case records. The nature of IRB and its healing and impact on anatomical and visual outcomes were analyzed.Results:Five eyes of five patients with complete documentation of both the JSI and the IRB were included. Two cases were operated for macular hole, and one each for vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and endophthalmitis. One case had infusion-fluid-related JSI, while four developed it because of injection of surgical adjuncts (drugs, PFCL, and dye). JSI developed in two cases when the vitreous cavity was filled with fluid, while it was air-filled in three cases. In four cases, the fluid migrated into subretinal space, necessitating further maneuvers following which the breaks healed, but were directly responsible for vision loss in two cases.Conclusion:JSI related IRBs are rare but may be directly responsible for vision loss if they impact the macula. The balance between jet stream velocity, its distance from the retinal surface, the intervening media (vitreous cavity), and retinal health play an important role. It can occur because of both infusion as well as injection jets. Precautions must be taken in cases vulnerable to complications with suggested modifications in the surgical technique.     

儿外科监护室血流感染的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解儿外科重症监护病房血流感染的病原菌分布及药物敏感情况,以利于临床合理选用抗生素.方法 收集2011年1月至2015年12月我院儿外科重症监护病房确诊为血流感染的138例患儿的临床资料,对病原菌分布及耐药情况进行分析.结果 5年中血流感染的发生率为3.88‰(138/35524),且以1岁以下婴儿发生最多,最终死亡19例(13.77%).138例血流感染患儿共获得179株病原菌,革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌和真菌感染分别占60.89%(109/179)、22.91%(41/179)和16.20%(29/179).革兰阳性菌中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌检出率最高(84/179,46.93%);革兰阴性菌中前3位的是鲍曼不动杆菌(15/179,8.38%)、肺炎克雷白杆菌(12/179,6.70%)和大肠埃希菌(6/179,3.35%),其中耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌的检出呈逐年上升趋势;真菌中以非白色念珠菌为主(14/179,7.82%).检出的多重耐药菌株对碳青霉烯类的耐药率明显上升.结论 儿外科重症监护病房患儿的血流感染率逐年增高,且低龄儿童的病死率亦高,需要临床上注重病原学检测,以指导合理使用抗菌药物,减少耐药菌株的产生.     

分隔膜无针输液接头预防导管相关血流感染的Meta分析

目的 系统性评价分隔膜无针输液接头与肝素帽预防导管相关血流感染发生率的差异。方法 检索万方数据库、中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、PubMed、CINAHL Complete、Cochrane Library建库至2018年1月1日以来国内外有关分隔膜无针输液接头与肝素帽的所有随机对照试验;对符合纳入标准的文献进行质量评估后使用ReVMan5.3进行Meta分析。结果导管相关血流感染发生率:OR=0.13,5%CI(0.06,0.27),P＜0.000 01;静脉炎发生率:OR=0.10,5%CI(0.03,0.34),P=0.000 20;堵管发生率:OR=0.12,5%CI(0.07,0.19),P＜0.000 01。结论 分隔膜无针输液接头与肝素帽相比较,分隔膜无针输液接头可明显减少导管相关血流感染、静脉炎、堵管发生率。     

杨振国教授术柏痛风汤治疗痛风52例

[目的]观察杨振国术柏痛风汤治疗痛风疗效。[方法]将52例痛风使用术柏痛风汤,1剂/d,早晚各1次,水煎服。15d为1疗程。治疗3个疗程进行疗效判定。[结果]临床治愈32例,显效11例,有效5例,无效4例,总有效率为92.31%。[结论]术柏痛风汤治疗痛风疗效满意,值得推广。     

Acute rheumatic fever in adult patients

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is considered as a disorder of children, and attacks in adults are usually a recurrence of disease acquired in the child’s life. Although the incidence of ARF in children has a decreasing trend in developed countries, resurgent and sporadic epidemics still occur in adults. The first attacks of ARF in adult patients without a childhood history can lead to a diagnostic dilemma.A medical record review in adults at least 18 years of age with an arthralgia complaint fulfilling 2015 revised Jones criteria was performed from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019.Eleven ARF patients were identified, including 8 with initial attacks (6 females aged 26–42 years, 33.9 ± 5.3) and 3 pre-existing valvular heart disease with recurrent attacks (2 females aged 38–52 years, 45.0 ± 7.0). In addition to febrile pharyngitis and migratory polyarthritis in initial attacks, pericarditis was encountered in 1, valvulitis in 2, prolong PR interval in 3 and skin involvement in 2 patients with erythema marginatum and IgA vasculitis. All responded to antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs therapy with normalized clinical and laboratory abnormalities, no new-onset carditis, and no recurrent disease during a long-term follow-up (3.8–19.8 years, 12.7 ± 5.4).A sporadic occurrence of adult ARF is observed in southern Taiwan. This disease should be considered by physicians for the differential diagnosis of febrile pharyngitis with arthritis and/or carditis in adults, even in areas with a low incidence of ARF.     

453株血培养分离菌株的分布和耐药性分析

目的:分析医院血流感染的主要病原菌的分布和耐药性,对血流感染进行及时治疗和有效的预防.方法:对我院2010年1月～12月收集3980份血培养标本培养采用BacT/Alert3D全自动血培养仪,分离菌株鉴定和药敏试验采用VITEK-2全自动细菌鉴定药敏仪,应用改良Hodge试验和EDTA协同试验进行碳青霉烯酶检测.结果:从3980份血培养标本分离出致病菌453株(11.4％),革兰阴性菌占50.4％(228/453),其中大肠埃希菌占57.0％( 130/228)、肺炎克雷伯菌占11.4％ (26/228)、鲍曼不动杆菌占6.6％( 15/228),发现2株碳青霉烯类耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌,鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯耐药为71.6％;革兰阳性菌占42.3％( 192/453),其中葡萄球菌中耐苯唑西林葡萄球菌占85.1％;真菌占5.1％( 23/453),厌氧菌占2.2％(10/453).结论:引起医院患者血流感染的主要病原菌以革兰阴性细菌为主,多重耐药菌株分离率增高,特别是出现碳青霉烯类耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌.     

A review of novel technologies and techniques associated with identification of bloodstream infection etiologies and rapid antimicrobial genotypic and quantitative phenotypic determination

Introduction: The antimicrobial aspect of management of patients with blood stream infections (BSI) and sepsis is time critical. In an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, rapid detection and identification of bacteria with antimicrobial susceptibility is crucial to direct therapy early in the course of illness. Molecular techniques offer a potential solution to this.

Areas covered: In the present review the authors have discussed a number of novel solutions utilizing a variety of molecular techniques for pathogen detection, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. The review is not designed to be an exhaustive literature review covering all diagnostic solutions ever developed, instead the authors have focused on what they have had experience using, evaluating or currently view as new and exciting with potential to revolutionize BSI diagnosis.

The authors searched PubMed (Medline) and Google Scholar with terms: BSI, Bacteraemia, Candidaemia, Diagnostics, AST, Rapid, AMR, Novel and Blood Culture. The authors attended recent clinical microbiology technology congresses.

Expert commentary: There are multiple exciting novel technologies at differing stages of development with potential to revolutionize diagnosis of BSI. More work is needed as well as a standardized assessment of different platforms in order to better understand the clinical and financial impacts these will have in clinical microbiology laboratories.