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21.
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. The aim of this study was to screen inpatients with mild or borderline intellectual disability, many of whom also have mental illness, for risk factors for CHD. Methods Cross sectional survey. Participants were interviewed, measured and had blood samples taken. Results Of the 53 participants, 20 (37.7%) were overweight and 18 (34.0%) obese. The mean body mass index (BMI) of those participants prescribed regular antipsychotics was higher than those who were not. Nine (20.9%) had waist circumference measurements placing them at increased risk of CHD and 21 (48.8%) were at substantially increased risk. Twenty-eight (52.8%) were current smokers. Of the 49 participants who had their blood pressure measured, 3 (6.1%) had readings above the reference range. Of the 19 participants who had random blood tests, one (5.3%) had an elevated cholesterol level. Conclusions In this population there was a high prevalence of two risk factors for CHD (obesity and smoking), requiring ongoing monitoring and long-term measures to reduce risk.  相似文献   
22.
S P Caudill  S J Smith  G R Cooper 《Statistics in medicine》1989,8(3):295-309; discussion 331-2
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) 1976-1980, we demonstrate how cross-sectional total serum cholesterol surveillance data can be used by an individual to assess current and future personal cholesterol risk status. We propose statistical models, based on a person's current measured cholesterol level and the relationship between cross-sectional age and cholesterol percentile estimates, that will allow prediction of future cholesterol levels or the age at which specified cholesterol risk levels will be reached if no cholesterol-altering intervention is taken. These models incorporate the observed variation in the NHANES II data and expected intraperson biological variation and intralaboratory analytical variation. We illustrate the adequacy of the models using data from the longitudinal Framingham Study.  相似文献   
23.
基于临床流程功能需求的生理监测仪配置评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
病人生理监测仪是临床医学的主要仪器之一,由于所涉及的技术流程定位不同,功能需求也就不同,其功能配置也应有所不同。本文从分解分析生理监测仪相关应用领域的技术定位功能需求出发,讨论卫生技术装备管理的功能配置评估。  相似文献   
24.
鼻咽癌高危人群微核特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 观察鼻咽癌高危人群的主要细胞遗传学特征。方法 常规培养外周血淋巴细胞,检测鼻咽癌高危人群、鼻咽癌患者、鼻咽炎患者及正常人的微核率。结果 鼻咽癌高危人群及鼻咽癌患者的微核率明显增加,且随病情进展而继续增高。结论 鼻咽癌高危人群存在比较明确的细胞遗传不稳定性。  相似文献   
25.
围生期窒息发生率和死亡率近10年变迁及相关因素   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
目的 分析近10年来围生期窒息发生率和死亡率的变迁,探讨围生期窒息相关因素及开展新法复苏对围生期窒息发生率和死亡率的影响。方法对近10年郑州大学第三附属医院分娩的所有活产新生儿的病历资料进行回顾性分析,计算窒息的发生率、死亡率、病死率,观察上述指标的逐年变化趋势及季节变化的情况,并探讨性别、双/多胎、出生体质量、胎龄分娩方式对这些指标的影响。结果轻度窒息发生率在开展新法复苏后明显下降,并稳定在1.5%左右,而重度窒息的发生率和病死率均无明显变化。窒息儿的发生率以4月份最高,但死亡率和病死率以7月份最高。窒息的发生还与性别、双/多胎、出生体质量、早产以及阴道助产有关。结论围生期窒息的发生与性别、双/多胎、出生体质量、胎龄密切相关;新法复苏能显著降低轻度窒息的发生率,对重度窒息的发生率和窒息病死率无明显影响;窒息儿的死亡率和病死率与季节有关。  相似文献   
26.
To determine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and that of dozing and sudden onset of sleep episodes (SOS) while driving in ambulatory patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in France, a national sample of private and public neurologists was asked to recruit the first 10 consecutive nondemented PD patients. Each patient completed a questionnaire including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the likelihood of dozing off and experiencing SOS episodes behind the wheel. Clinical and demographic data were collected. One thousand six hundred and twenty‐five patients with PD were included in the survey. Twenty‐nine percent of the patients suffered from EDS (ESS score ≥10) but only 0.8% declared a high chance of dozing while driving and 0.5% reported totally unpredictable SOS episodes while driving. Risk factors for EDS were male gender, reduced activity of daily living, and a high daily levodopa equivalent dosage. Risk factors for SOS episodes while driving were an ESS score ≥10, male gender, and low Hoehn and Yahr staging. EDS is common in ambulatory patients with PD and is a major risk factor for dozing and for SOS episodes behind the wheel in patients who drive. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society  相似文献   
27.
A significant minority of medical and dental students fail their undergraduate courses. Early warning systems (EWSs) have been developed in some areas of higher education to predict 'at-risk' students at an early remedial stage. An attempt is made to develop an EWS to predict failure in the bacteriology component of the Batchelor of Dental Surgery course at Manchester Dental School. A system based on class tests and previous end-of-year performance is derived which is used to predict those students likely to fail or fall in the bottom 20-25% in their finals examination. The predictors are combined by a simple equal weights method, which is found to have the same predictive power as using multiple regression. Failure was correctly predicted in 60% of cases, at the expense of 71% false alarms. The high number of false alarms reflects the low failure rate rather than the lack of predictive information. The need for effective cross-validation of EWSs is discussed; many previous studies have not been tested on independent data.  相似文献   
28.
The aim of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of a revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) for patients residing in a geriatric rehabilitation ward. A consecutive sample of 140 patients was recruited for the study. Oral assessments were performed for 133 newly admitted patients by one registered nurse (RN) during a period of six months. A dental hygienist (DH) carried out 103 oral assessments during the same half-year. For 66 patients, the RN and the DH performed independent assessments. There was an agreement between the RN and the DH in the majority of the independent assessments, except for tongue and teeth/dentures. The percentage agreement exceeded 80 percent. Inter-rater agreement measured by Cohen's Kappa coefficient ranged from moderate to very good and percentage agreement had a range of 58 to 91 percent. The agreement was highest in assessment of voice and swallowing (91%). Assessments of teeth and dentures seemed to be most difficult for the RN to evaluate. ROAG was found to be a clinically useful assessment tool. Additional education and training is needed to improve the reliability of the oral assessments and should include continuous support from a dental hygienist as well as a pictorial manual on how to use the ROAG.  相似文献   
29.
Abstract: Most individuals concerned about hereditary breast cancer risk will neither order nor benefit from genetic testing at the present time. Many will, however, seek information about their risk and testing. Risk assessment services, in addition to providing information about hereditary risk and genetic testing, need also to include assessment of non-hereditary risks, information about how to evaluate risks, early detection modalities, the etiology of cancer, and assistance in devising follow-up health care plans. Psychosocial factors, particularly those pertaining to the individual's past history with illness and beliefs about causes and prognosis, must be taken into account to provide relevant information that is understood. A case history with examples of some of the types of information that lead to informed consent in a cancer risk assessment setting is provided.  相似文献   
30.
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