维拉帕米、利舍平在淋球菌多重耐药性中的逆转作用

目的：研究维拉帕米、利舍平在淋淋球菌多重耐药性中的作用。方法：利用淋球菌快速定量药敏测试法对３０株洒球菌进行药物敏感性检测。所测菌株包括ＷＨＯ标准株,Ａ,Ｂ,Ｃ,Ｄ,Ｅ株及临床分离株,６种抗生素分别加利舍平、维拉帕米,测定两者对淋球菌耐药性的影响。结果：一定浓度利舍平降低药物对淋球菌的最小抑菌浓度最多可达８６％,而维拉帕米降低药物对淋球菌的最小抑菌浓度最多也可达８１％。结论：利舍平和维拉帕米对淋球     

Effect of reserpine-induced depletion of synaptic dopamine on [11C]Raclopride binding to D2-dopamine receptors in the monkey brain

Positron emission tomography was used to examine the in vivo binding of [¹¹C]raclopride to D₂-dopamine (DA) receptors in the striatum of two Cynomolgus monkeys after a single dose of reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.v.). A Scatchard procedure was repeated five times to follow D₂ receptor density and apparent affinity for 7 weeks after reserpine. Reserpine-induced depletion of DA lead to a marked increase in [¹¹C]raclopride binding, which was still detectable 20 days after treatment. Scatchard analyses indicated that the measured increase in [¹¹C]raclopride binding reflected an increase in receptor affinity but no evident change in receptor density (B_max). Thus, the increase in [¹¹C]raclopride binding after reserpine should correspond to a reduced competition with endogenous DA for binding to D₂ receptors. The results were used to estimate the DA-induced D₂ occupancy to be about 40% at physiological conditions. Synapse 25:321–325, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

电针对关节炎大鼠脊髓背角神经元诱发放电的影响

本文以微电极在细胞外记录大鼠关节炎侧相应脊髓节段背角神经元对刺激炎症区皮肤产生的诱发放电,同时观察电针不同穴位对这些神经元放电的影响。实验结果提示,电针穴位可有效地抑制关节炎大鼠脊髓背角痛敏神经元的诱发放电,这一抑制效应与中枢单胺能类神经元及外周交感神经有密切的联系。     

Effect of Withania somnifera root extract on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction

Tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. The pathophysiology of this disabling and commonly irreversible movement disorder is still obscure. Vacuous chewing movements in rats are widely accepted as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Oxidative stress and products of lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Repeated treatment with reserpine (1.0 mg/kg) on alternate days for a period of 5 days (days 1, 3 and 5) significantly induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions in rats. Chronic treatment with Withania somnifera root extract (Ws) for a period of 4 weeks to reserpine treated animals significantly and dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements and tongue protrusions. Reserpine treated animals also showed poor retention of memory in the elevated plus maze task paradigm. Chronic Ws administration significantly reversed reserpine-induced retention deficits. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic reserpine treatment significantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of rats. Chronic reserpine treated rats showed decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Chronic administration of Ws root extract dose dependently (50 and 100 mg/kg) and significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and restored the decreased glutathione levels by chronic reserpine treatment. It also significantly reversed the reserpine-induced decrease in brain SOD and catalase levels in rats. The major findings of the present study indicate that oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathophysiology of reserpine-induced abnormal oral movements. In conclusion, Withania somnifera root extract could be a useful drug for the treatment of drug-induced dyskinesia.     

Effects of extracellular potassium on the pressure response to noradrenaline in the perfused hindquarters of the rat

1. The hindquarters of the rat were perfused with oxygenated Tyrode-Ficoll solution at constant flow and the blood pressure in the caudal artery was measured. All experiments were started with the resistance vessels maximally dilated (arterial pressure 20 mmHg). 2. Variations in the extracellular potassium concentration (from 0.5 mmol/1 to 33 mmol/1) had no direct effect on the arterial pressure. 3. Noradrenaline in the range 1.6–17 μmol/1 increased the arterial pressure in a dose-dependent manner at all potassium concentrations. 4. Variations in the potassium concentration within the physiological range did not affect the dose-dependent responses to noradrenaline.     

The Pain Aggression Induced by Bronopol in the Rat

Abstract: Bronopol in doses of 7–25 mg/kg given intraperitoneally almost immediately releases a transitory aggressive behaviour in rats. The painful state caused by bronopol-induced chemical peritonitis probably brought about this behavioural phenomenon. The age of the animal and also the reserpine treatment play some role in this behavioural pattern.     

Disodium cromoglycate: a novel gastric antiulcer agent?

The influence of oral pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate (2.5 or 5 mg/kg X 9 doses) on the 4-h gastric effects of i.p. injected reserpine (5 mg/kg) was examined in rats. Disodium cromoglycate markedly prevented reserpine-induced ulceration, mucosal mast cell degranulation and superficial mucosal microcirculatory changes in the glandular portion of the stomach wall. These interesting results points to the possibility that disodium cromoglycate may also have gastric antiulcer effects in man.