婴幼儿心内直视手术中的护理问题及对策

随着先天性心脏病诊断及外科治疗和灌注技术的不断进步,术前、术后管理的完善,先天性心脏病患儿得以早期进行手术矫治.     

保罗青光眼植入物治疗青光眼的初步观察

目的：初步评估保罗青光眼植入物在青光眼治疗中的有效性和安全性。

方法：回顾性分析2022-03/2023-01接受保罗青光眼植入物治疗的青光眼患者10例10眼的临床资料。至少随访12 mo,观察手术前后视力、眼压和抗青光眼用药数量等指标的变化。

结果：纳入患者末次随访时视力较术前无明显变化; 术前眼压19-60(中位数28)mmHg,末次随访时眼压为10-18(中位数14)mmHg。术前所有患者均需使用2-4种抗青光眼药物,末次随访时仅1例患者需使用。4例患者末次随访时角膜内皮细胞密度较术前明显下降,未发生角膜相关并发症。截至末次随访,10例患者均获得手术成功。

结论：保罗青光眼植入物具有显著的降眼压疗效,角膜内皮细胞损害可能是其存在的隐患。     

动脉疾病的微创治疗32例分析

目的探讨介入技术在动脉疾病中的应用及与手术联合使用的意义。方法对32例不同的动脉疾病采用介入技术或介入联合手术的方法进行治疗,对临床治疗效果及介入技术的应用进行分析。结果31例患者治疗成功,1例失败。平均随访9个月,1例降主动脉瘤破裂形成食道瘘患者,出院后1个月因支架感染而死亡。其余症状均消失或改善。结论动脉疾病的介入治疗可以减轻患者痛苦,减少手术风险,缩短住院时间。与手术联合使用可以减少手术的创伤或扩大介入技术的运用范围。     

62例咽旁间隙肿瘤临床分析

目的：探讨咽旁间隙肿瘤的诊断和治疗方法及熟悉咽旁间隙解剖与肿瘤关系。方法：回顾性分析62例咽旁间隙肿瘤的临床资料。结果：咽旁间隙肿瘤中病理类型较多,但以神经鞘膜肿瘤比例较大,占41.9%,混合瘤22.6%,畸胎瘤、错构瘤、脊索瘤、恶性淋巴瘤及脑膜瘤等共占35.5%。进行以颈侧入路为主的4种手术入路,2例肿瘤复发（1例神经鞘膜瘤,1例转移癌）,再次手术治愈,其余均一次性手术治愈。结论：咽旁间隙肿瘤临床表现复杂,病理类型多样,肿瘤预后较好。其诊断较难,除症状体征外,CT、MRI及B超对咽旁间隙肿瘤的诊断有重要价值。手术径路是根据患者体征、影像学特征结合肿瘤位置、大小及性质而最终确定。颈侧入路为主要手术途径,气管切开为预防窒息措施。     

鼻内镜下鼻腔成形术治疗结构性鼻炎

目的:探讨鼻内镜下治疗结构性鼻炎的手术方法和疗效。方法:对84例结构性鼻炎患者行鼻内镜下鼻腔成形术。包括:①三段法下鼻甲功能性部分切除;②中鼻甲成形;③窦口鼻道复合体功能性切除;④鼻中隔黏膜下矫正。手术结合患者主诉症状、鼻内镜检查和鼻窦CT分析,将上述各个单一手术进行组合,制定个性化方案进行手术。结果:术后随访8~12个月,平均10个月。痊愈59例(70.24%),有效21例(25.00%),无效4例(4.76%),总有效率95.24%。结论:结构性鼻炎是由于鼻腔存在多种结构异常而引起功能异常的一类疾病。鼻内镜下鼻腔成形术是对双侧鼻腔进行统一的功能性矫正,恢复鼻腔对称性整体结构的手术,应进行统一规范。     

腹腔镜治疗儿童先天性食管裂孔旁疝

目的 分析和研究腹腔镜下治疗儿童先天性食管裂孔旁疝的经验.方法 2005年至2010年诊治10例食管裂孔旁疝的患儿,其中5例为混合性食管裂孔疝.年龄8个月～10岁,平均年龄5.2岁,男6例,5例表现为贫血,2例反复呼吸道感染,3例反复呕吐伴营养不良,术前通过胃肠钡餐检查(GI)及胸部CT检查,均发现右侧胸腔占位及胃泡影,其中2例胸腔被腹腔内容物占据.采用改良Thal方法,腹腔镜下修补食管裂孔旁疝,切除疝囊,关闭裂孔,并作抗反流.结果 全部病例在腹腔镜下行改良Thal法治疗,手术时间90～150 min,术中发现疝孔大小3.0～5.5cm,大部分胃组织疝入后纵隔,其中3例患儿伴有结肠疝入,同时合并有4例胃扭转,患儿均有巨大的疝囊组织.术后行GI检查,无反流,胃泡位置正常,胃肠功能恢复好,术后3～5 d出院,随访6个月,贫血及术前症状均消失,生长发育良好.结论 先天性食管裂孔旁疝通常伴有其他并发症,需要早期诊断、早期治疗,如果缺损较大伴有食管贲门交界处疝入后纵隔,需要在修补裂孔的基础上做抗反流手术,腹腔镜下改良Thal是一种有效的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze our experience of diagnosis and treatment of congenital paraesophageal hiatal hernia(PEHH). Methods Between 2005 and 2010, the records of 10 patients with PEHH were retrospectively reviewed. Five patients had a combination of sliding and paraesophageal hernia. The age ranged from 8 month to 10 year. Average age was 5. 2 year.Five case presented with anemia,2 cases with recurrent respiratory infection. 3 cases with vomiting and failure to thrive. Diagnosis was confirmed by upper gastro-intestinal constrast study and chest CT scans. All patients present with right paracardiac opacity and gas bubbles in the right lower thorax. In two cases, the opacity occupied the right thorax. We carried out modified Thal procedure to repair the paraesophageal hiatal hernia. Results Thal procedure was successfully completed in all patients. The.operation time ranged from 90 minutes to 150 minutes. The diameter of these hernia ranged from 3 to 5. 5 cm with most of stomach displaced into the thorax. Three pateints had transverse colon herniated into the thorax. In four patients, the gastric volvulus was encountered. Post-operatively, there was no evidence of gastro-esophageal reflux. Patients were discharged in 3 to 5 days. Symptoms subsided and the growth of the children was normal. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment for congenital paraesophageal hiatal hernia is recommended. Large defect is associated with displacement of gastro-esophageal junction into the thorax. Additional antireflux procedure to is recommended. The modified Thal procedure is an effective way of repairing PEHH.     

腹腔镜辅助下先天性巨结肠升结肠拖出根治术

目的 运用腹腔镜及超声刀技术对不能用经肛门拖出术式的小儿长段型巨结肠病例施行根治手术，充分发挥腹腔镜的微创手术优点，探讨其操作方法和特点。方法 对2000年6月至2001年11月收治的8例长段型先天性巨结肠患儿，使用腹腔镜及超声刀技术施行升结肠逆时针翻转拖出（Deloyers法）的先天性巨结肠根治术（改良Soave术）。观察手术过程、术中出血、术后合并症的出现、大便排出等情况。术后门诊随访。结果 8例手术均获成功，手术时间190－240min，平均218min。手术出血最多1例为20ml，余均少于5ml，无术后继发性出血，无术中和术后早期并发症。8例术后均在门诊复诊，随访3－20个月，所有患儿每日排便1－8次，无大便失禁或污粪。5例术后3个月大便稀糊状，半年后转成形大便。结论 应用腹腔镜超声刀技术可有效地施行升结肠拖出手术治疗长段型巨结肠，手术可弥补经肛门拖出手术和开腹手术的不足，近期效果良好。     

Use of Gamma-Irradiated Cornea to Plug Sclerostomy Site During Tube Shunt Revision

Tube shunt implantation is a common procedure for control of intraocular pressure (IOP). However, tube revision and repositioning must sometimes be performed, and this involves removing the tube from its sclerostomy site. This site is prone to leaking and this may cause postoperative hypotony. We describe a novel and cosmetically acceptable technique of plugging and covering the sclerostomy site with gamma-irradiated corneal tissue.     

盆底重建手术保留子宫效果的初步评价

目的:初步评价保留子宫的盆底重建手术的效果。方法:2007年2月至9月我科开展了以网片添加为主的盆底重建手术,盆腔脏器脱垂按POP-Q分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,除外阴道穹隆脱垂者。术前行盆腔检查、B超及TCT排除子宫附件器质性病变。切除子宫组(CH组)11例,保留子宫组(UC组)13例。术后定期复查。结果:两组患者的一般临床资料无统计学差异。CH组平均年龄64.82±8.29岁,UC组为70.92±6.89岁,P=0.057。CH组和UC组术前Aa、Ba、C、D、Ap、Bp各点POP-Q数值无统计学差异。UC组手术时间95.77±35.05min,显著短于CH组的151.36±29.42min(P=0.000),UC组术中出血为110.77±112.21ml,明显少于CH组的241.82±234.34ml,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.087)。平均住院日、术后体温、应用抗生素时间两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后,POP-Q各组数值与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),手术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂近期效果显著。术后复查上述各点均值两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两种术式改善患者盆腔脏器脱垂效果相似。随访2~9月,平均4.2个月,随访率100%。CH组术后近期主观治愈率100%,客观治愈率90.9%,复发率9.1%(1/11)。UC组主客观治愈率均为92.31%,复发率7.69%(1/13)。无感染和网片暴露及侵蚀发生。结论:盆底重建手术时保留子宫对维持盆底结构稳定具有一定的意义,近期效果与切除子宫组相似,手术时间短,有利于降低高龄妇女围手术期的风险。但需要观察长期疗效、远期并发症以及对性生活的影响。     

Full-Endoscopic versus Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Degenerative Diseases : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveAlthough full-endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-LIF) has been tried as the latest alternative technique to minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interobody fusion (MIS-TLIF) since mid-2010, the evidence is still lacking. We compared the clinical outcome and safety of Endo-LIF to MIS-TLIF for lumbar degenerative disease. MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to find literature comparing Endo-LIF to MIS-TLIF. The results retrieved were last updated on December 11, 2020. The perioperative outcome included the operation time, blood loss, complication, and hospital stay. The clinical outcomes included Visual analog scale (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the radiological outcome included pseudoarthosis rate with 12-month minimum follow-up. ResultsFour retrospective observational studies and one prospective observational study comprising 423 patients (183 Endo-LIF and 241 MIS-TLIF) were included, and the pooled data analysis revealed low heterogeneity between studies in our review. Baseline characteristics including age and sex were not different between the two groups. Operation time was significantly longer in Endo-LIF (mean difference [MD], 23.220 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.669–35.771; p=0.001). However, Endo-LIF resulted in less perioperative blood loss (MD, -144.710 mL; 95% CI, 247.941–41.478; p=0.023). Although VAS back pain at final (MD, -0.120; p=0.586), leg pain within 2 weeks (MD, 0.005; p=0.293), VAS leg pain at final (MD, 0.099; p=0.099), ODI at final (MD, 0.141; p=0.093) were not different, VAS back pain within 2 weeks was more favorable in the Endo-LIF (MD, -1.538; 95% CI, -2.044 to -1.032; p<0.001). On the other hand, no statistically significant group difference in complication rate (relative risk [RR], 0.709; p=0.774), hospital stay (MD, -2.399; p=0.151), and pseudoarthrosis rate (RR, 1.284; p=0.736) were found. ConclusionRelative to MIS-TLIF, immediate outcomes were favorable in Endo-LIF in terms of blood loss and immediate VAS back pain, although complication rate, mid-term clinical outcomes, and fusion rate were not different. However, the challenges for Endo-LIF include longer operation time which means a difficult learning curve and limited surgical indication which means patient selection bias. Larger-scale, well-designed study with long-term follow-up and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm and update the results of this systematic review.