Improve intra‐uterine insemination in rabbits using ultra‐high temperature skim milk as extender to keep semen at room temperature

Two experiments were carried out to examine in vitro quality and in vivo fertility of rabbit semen diluted in ultra‐high temperature (UHT) skim milk. In the first experiment, pooled ejaculates of 10 adult rabbits were divided in three aliquots. Each aliquot was diluted in saline solution, TrisC or UHTm extender and kept at room temperature for 24 h. Sperm quality assessment was performed during all the incubation periods. In the second experiment, 27 adult rabbit does were inseminated with semen incubated for 5 h. Embryo recovery was performed 96 h after insemination. Results showed that treatments diluted in UHTm registered the highest values of spermatozoon with total motility, intact and functional plasma membrane and greater number of embryos recovered in rabbit does. We conclude that UHT skim milk would be a good extender for improved intra‐uterine insemination in rabbits and to keep sperm cells for several hours at room temperature.     

兔自体松质骨颗粒修复关节软骨损伤

目的研究兔自体松质骨颗粒在膝关节软骨损伤处移植后能够诱导软骨组织生成、促进关节软骨损伤修复的现象。方法 12只新西兰大白兔麻醉后在兔的右侧膝关节股骨远端内、外侧髁负重区用电钻分别造成直径、深度均为3 mm的骨软骨缺损创面,取同侧髂骨松质骨,制成直径约为1 mm松质骨颗粒植入股骨内侧髁软骨缺损处,作为实验组,外侧髁软骨缺损不做处理作为对照组。术后12周进行膝关节大体观察、病理切片染色,评估关节软骨损伤的修复情况。结果兔膝关节实验组软骨缺损处被新生软骨填充,软骨面光滑,组织切片染色显示有关节软骨形成。对照组缺损创面仍然凹陷,仅在缺损边缘有少量软骨生长。结论兔自体松质骨颗粒在膝关节软骨损伤处能够诱导软骨生成,促进关节软骨的修复,是一种良好的关节软骨损伤修复方法。     

乌司他丁对急性脑出血模型兔可溶性血栓调节蛋白、血管性假性血友病因子及脑组织病理的影响

目的：通过对急性脑出血模型兔动脉血可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)、血管性假性血友病因子(vWF)以及脑组织标本病理变化的观察,探讨乌司他丁(UTI)在急性脑出血方面的脑保护作用。方法：将造模成功的30只兔随机平均分为三组,每组10只：脑出血模型组(M组),依达拉奉治疗组(Y组),乌司他丁治疗组(U组)。应用ELISA法测定各组兔急性脑出血后动脉血中sTM、vWF的含量,以及兔脑出血病灶周围脑组织病理变化。结果：与M组[sTM(24h:6.06±0.19ng/ml,72h:6.42±0.48 ng/ml);vWF(24h:10.02 ±0.71ng/ml,72h：11.39±0.63ng/ml) ]相比,Y组vWF含量在24h[9.77±0.46ng/ml] 无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),但其在72h [4.51± 0.10ng/ml] 时下降,有统计学差异(P<0.05);Y组的sTM含量在24h[4.61±0.11ng/ml]、72h[4.51±0.10ng/ml]均有下降,有统计学差异(P<0.05);U组的sTM、vWF含量在24h[sTM(4.82±0.77 ng/ml), vWF(9.09±0.24 ng/ml)] 、72h [sTM (4.79±0.75ng/ml), vWF (8.48±0.73ng/ml)] 均下降,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。与Y组[sTM (24h:4.61±0.11ng/ml),72h:4.51± 0.10ng/ml);vWF (24h:9.77±0.46ng/ml,72h:9.64±0.56ng/ml)]相比,U组sTM含量24h [ 4.82±0.77ng/ml]、72h[ 4.79±0.75 ng/ml] 均无统计学差异(P>0.05);U组vWF含量24h [24h: 9.09± 0.24ng/ml、72h:8.48 ±0.73 ng/ml]均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。病理结果提示：U组脑出血病灶周围脑细胞的线粒体嵴断裂、胞浆内空泡增多、细胞肿胀方面均比Y组延缓。结论：乌司他丁可以降低急性脑出血模型兔血清sTM及vWF含量,可以延缓出血灶周围脑细胞线粒体及细胞核的损害,具有一定的脑保护作用。     

Partial urethral obstruction of rabbit urinary bladder: stereological evidence that the increase in muscle content is mostly driven by changes in number, rather than size, of smooth muscle cells

The effects of partial urethral obstruction on the detrusor muscle of rabbit urinary bladder were investigated using stereological sampling and estimation tools. Twelve female Norfolk rabbits (2.5-3.0 kg body weight) were divided into four groups: 3, 7 and 12 weeks after surgical intervention to produce a standard partial obstruction and unobstructed controls. Following removal, bladder axes (craniocaudal, dorsoventral and laterolateral) and organ weights were recorded. Bladders were prepared for light microscopy by multistage random sampling procedures. Stereological methods were used to estimate the volume of muscle and the packing density and total number of myocyte nuclei in each bladder. We also estimated mean myocyte volume and the mean cross-sectional area and length of myocytes. Group comparisons were made by one-way analysis of variance. Changes in bladder axes were mainly laterolateral and craniocaudal. Mean bladder weight increased roughly six-fold by 3 weeks and 17-fold by 12 weeks and was accompanied, on average, by 12- and 33-fold increases in total muscle volume. These variables did not differ at 3 and 7 weeks post-obstruction. Increases in muscle content were not accompanied by changes in packing densities but were associated with increases in the total numbers of myocyte nuclei (13-fold by 3 weeks, 28-fold by 12 weeks). Mean myocyte volume did not vary significantly between groups but cells in obstructed groups were shorter and wider. These findings support the notion that partial outflow obstruction leads to an increase in the number, but not mean volume, of myocytes. If due solely to myocyte mitosis, the total of 43 x 10(8) cells found at 12 weeks could be generated by the original complement of 15 x 10(7) cells if an average of only 2.1 x 10(6) new cells was produced every hour. In reality, even this modest proliferation rate is unlikely to be achieved because myocyte proliferation rates are very low and it is possible that new myocytes can arise by differentiation of mesenchymal or other precursor cells.     

基于三维打印技术制作钛合金修复体修补兔颅骨缺损的研究

目的 通过三维(3D)打印技术协助新西兰兔个体化钛合金修复体进行预制行颅骨缺损修补,探讨3D技术在颅骨缺损重建中的运用价值。方法 选取健康雄性新西兰兔12只制作颅骨缺损模型成功后,螺旋64排CT薄层无间距逐层扫描获得断层数据后进行格式转换构建三维颅骨立体模型,利用3D打印机进行修复体的三维原型制造,结合模型利用钛合金修复体进行骨性缺损区域精准修补。结果 钛合金修复体与骨性缺损区域及边缘组织契合满意,术中一次固定到位,避免反复剪裁,操作阻力小,伤口均一期愈合,不良反应较少,未观察到颅内感染、头皮溃烂、钛合金外露、排出及移位等不良现象。术后颅骨外形与健侧相比更美观、功能修复满意,并邀请三位同行医师评估修复满意度,以100%为满意,取平均值,满意率为98.78%。结论 与颅骨缺损修补术相比,3D打印技术可快速、精准结合钛合金,对个体化修复颅骨缺损区尤其是复杂解剖形态“适形”可能更胜一筹,值得临床推广运用。     

Immunogenicity and safety of one or two doses of the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine MenACWY-TT given alone or with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in toddlers: A phase III,open-label,randomised study

BackgroundWe evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of 1 and 2 doses of quadrivalent meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) given alone or co-administered with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in toddlers.MethodsIn this phase III, open-label, controlled, multicentre study (NCT01939158), healthy toddlers aged 12–14 months were randomised into 4 groups to receive 1 dose of MenACWY-TT at month (M) 0 (ACWY_1), 2 doses of MenACWY-TT at M0 and M2 (ACWY_2), MenACWY-TT and PCV13 at M0 (Co-ad), or PCV13 at M0 and MenACWY-TT at M2 (PCV13/ACWY). Immune responses were assessed 1 month post-each vaccination. Solicited and unsolicited symptoms were recorded for 4 and 31 days post-each vaccination, respectively; serious adverse events (SAEs) and new onset of chronic illnesses (NOCIs) up to M9 from first vaccination.Results802 toddlers were vaccinated. Post-dose 1 of MenACWY-TT, ≥92.8% of toddlers had rSBA titres ≥1:8, and ≥62.5% had hSBA titres ≥1:4 for each meningococcal serogroup. Post-dose 2 of MenACWY-TT, rSBA titres ≥1:8 were observed in ≥98.0% and hSBA titres ≥1:4 in ≥95.3% of toddlers. Percentages of toddlers with hSBA titres ≥1:4 were higher after 2 doses versus 1 dose of MenACWY-TT for MenW (97.1% versus 62.5–68.9%) and MenY (95.3% versus 64.3–67.6%). Non-inferiority of immune responses to co-administered MenACWY-TT and PCV13 over their separate administration was demonstrated. AEs incidence was comparable among groups. SAEs were reported for 4.9%, 5.1%, 5.5% and 7.5%, and NOCIs for 2.0%, 3.0%, 0.5% and 3.5% of toddlers in the ACWY_1, ACWY_2, Co-ad and PCV13/ACWY groups, respectively; 4 SAEs reported in 3 toddlers were vaccine-related. Two fatal vaccine-unrelated SAEs were reported.ConclusionMenACWY-TT was immunogenic when administered as a single dose at 12–14 months of age. A second dose in toddlers increased hSBA responses against MenW and MenY. MenACWY-TT and PCV13 can be co-administered without impairing the immunogenicity or safety profile of either vaccine.     

Effects of ipriflavone on augmented bone using a guided bone regeneration procedure

: This study investigated the effects of ipriflavone (IP) on augmented bone using a guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure. In 15 rabbits, two titanium caps were placed into calvarial bone for GBR. The animals were divided into three groups: the No-IP (no intake of IP), Post-IP (IP orally, 10 mg/kg/day after GBR), and Pre-IP (IP intake beginning before GBR) groups. One cap was removed from each rabbit after 3 months, and the remaining site was a control. One month after one cap removal, all the animals were euthanized, and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. In all of the groups, the newly generated tissue was of varying size, and it consisted of thin pieces of mineralized bone and large marrow spaces with fat cells and some hematopoietic cells. In all of the control sites, the newly generated tissue was noted and almost filled the space under the cap. There was a significant difference between groups No-IP and Pre-IP (93.8+/-4.6% vs. 98.5+/-0.8%, P<0.05). The tissue generated at the test sites in all of the groups was resorbed, and its original shape and volume were not maintained 1 month after one cap removal. In particular, the greatest percentage, approximately 20% of the newly generated tissue, was resorbed in the No-IP group (93.8+/-4.6% vs. 73.9+/-3.7%, P<0.05), and approximately 11% and 15% in groups Post-IP and Pre-IP, respectively. The relative amount of mineralized bone generated at the control and test sites was significantly larger in groups Post-IP and Pre-IP when compared with group No-IP, except for the test site between groups No-IP and Post-IP (P<0.05). Therefore, the amount of mineralized tissue generated appeared to increase with an increase in the total IP dose. Within the limitations of this rabbit experimental model, we conclude that the daily intake of IP before or after GBR inhibits the resorption of augmented tissue and would be useful for improving the quality of newly generated bone beyond the skeletal envelope.     

抗骨髓炎片对家兔骨髓炎的改善作用研究

目的 探讨抗骨髓炎片对家兔慢性骨髓炎的作用。方法 采用右胫骨骨髓腔内注射金黄色葡萄球菌的方法建立家兔慢性骨髓炎模型,随机分为4组：抗骨髓炎片高、低剂量（480、240 mg/kg）组,庆大霉素（60 mg/kg）组,模型组（等体积0.5% CMC-Na）;另取家兔向骨髓腔内注入生理盐水,作为假手术组（等体积0.5% CMC-Na）,术后当天开始ig给药,每天1次,连续6周。术后第6周对右胫骨行X-线检查并做Laurence评分;术后第2、4、6周采血,血细胞分析仪进行白细胞计数,ELISA法测定血清溶菌酶、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）含量。结果 模型组家兔均有典型骨髓炎表现,抗骨髓炎片高、低剂量对骨髓炎症状有显著缓解,Laurence评分与模型组比较显著降低（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,抗骨髓炎片高、低剂量组的白细胞计数、血清TNF-α和IL-6含量在术后2、4、6周均明显降低（P<0.01）,高剂量组血清溶菌酶含量在术后2、4、6周均明显升高（P<0.01）,低剂量组血清溶菌酶含量在第4、6周亦明显升高（P<0.05）。结论 抗骨髓炎片对家兔慢性骨髓炎发挥显著改善作用,可能与抑制致病菌、提高机体免疫力、下调炎性因子等途径有关。