海洛因依赖者三维人格特征及心理健康状况的研究

目的 探讨海洛因依赖者的三维人格特征及其与心理健康状况的相关性.方法 采用三维人格问卷(TPQ)分别对100例海洛因依赖者及113例正常人进行测评比较,同时采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)量表对海洛因依赖者进行测评,并与全国常模进行比较.结果 海洛因依赖者TPQ问卷的NS和HA维度得分分别为[(18.07±4.13)分,(16.06±5.13)分],高于正常对照组[(16.22±4.88)分,(13.98±6.11)分],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而RD维度得分为(17.22±3.18)分,低于对照组(18.27±3.73)分,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);海洛因依赖者SCL-90总分及9项因子得分的平均值均高于全国常模,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001),其中以躯体化、强迫、抑郁及精神病性较为突出;海洛因依赖者的TPQ问卷HA维度得分与SCL-90问卷的强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁三个因子及阳性项目数旱正相关,Pearson相关系数分别为0.226、0.243、0.201、0.215,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 海洛因依赖者具有特殊的人格特征,且与心理健康状况存在一定的相关性.     

以医学史为切入点的医学人文教育用于胃肠外科床旁教学研究

目的 调查将胃肠外科发展史内容引入床旁教学前后,医学生对胃肠外科发展史的认知情况.方法 2020年9月至2021年2月对在复旦大学附属中山医院普通外科参加床旁教学的复旦大学上海医学院临床医学专业学生进行问卷调查.其中,2020年11月前的床旁教学中未专门安排胃肠外科发展史教学内容(对照组),2020年12月后的床旁教学...     

Discriminative Aspects of SF-36 and QQL-EPM Related to Asthma Control

Aim. To study any discriminative properties of SF-36 and QQL-EPM in stable and non-controlled moderate asthmatic patients. Methods. A total of 63 asthmatic patients were assessed regarding asthma symptoms, FEV1 % predicted value, PEF, ED visits and hospitalizations, QQL-EPM and SF-36 questionnaires. Results. QQL-EPM highlighted significance in all domains to distinguish stable from non-controlled patients (p = 0.0001) while SF-36 was only significant in 3 of its 7 domains (p = 0.009). Conclusion. The study showed that the specific quality of life questionnaire for asthma (QQL-EPM) demonstrates better discriminative properties that characterize asthma control when compared with the more generic SF-36 questionnaire.     

Community Dwelling Elderly Are Appropriate Subjects for Intensive Dietary Choice Restriction Studies

There is a traditional belief that the elderly have difficulty coping with dietary change, and therefore have a diminished likelihood of successfully responding to nutritional interventions or restrictions. Using a controlled mild zinc-deficiency feeding study as a model for strict dietary intervention, we assessed psychological responses to severe dietary choice restriction in 15 Caucasian, elderly (66.12 ± 4.43 years) males (n = 7) and females (n = 8). Participants completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Questionnaire (SF-36) as an index of QOL and the Multi-dimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) as a measure of health beliefs at pre-intervention baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. No subjects dropped out nor were any meals missed during the entire 21-day feeding study period. No significant differences were detected across time on the MHLC (Internal F = 0.53, P = 0.6; Powerful Others F = 0.28, P = 0.8; Chance F = 1.1, P = 0.4.) by one-way ANOVA. Similarly, for the SF-36 no significant differences were found across time (F = 0.76, P = 0.5). Our results suggest that restricting dietary choices does not negatively impact older adult subjects and that they can cope well with dietary choice restriction and change. Older adults should not be overlooked for nutritional intervention solely due to age considerations.     

Recovery concept in a Norwegian setting to be examined by the assertive community treatment model and mixed methods

Recovery is a crucial concept in the mental health field. The research of recovery is split into the categories of personal, social and clinical recovery. The purpose of this study was to explore the fragmented concept of recovery in light of assertive community treatment (ACT) in Norway. The study has a mixed methods design with a pragmatic approach. The Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery and open‐ended questions posed to 70 participants from 12 ACT teams in Norway, gathered by the “Users interview users” method, are combined with interviews or focus groups with eight of these participants. Surprisingly those under a community treatment order (CTO) report the highest degree of personal recovery. The qualitative material shows that the service users interpreted the concept of recovery differently than researchers and professionals. The ACT service users highlighted three important elements: flexible treatment, medication and access to a car. They emphasized the necessity for basic needs to be met in order to experience a meaningful recovery process, and these basic needs may be of even greater importance to those under CTOs. Their experiences should imply a greater emphasis on securing basic needs such as secure housing, sounder finances and access to the normal benefits offered by society.     

Occupational Factors and Problem Drinking among a Japanese Working Population

Problem drinking is a serious public health problem in the workplace. However, few Japanese epidemiological studies have investigated the occupational characteristics of problem drinking. The purpose of this study is to clarify the occupational risk factors for problem drinking among a Japanese working population. We used data from a random-sampling survey about mental health and suicide, conducted among Hamamatsu City residents aged 15 to 79 yr old during May and June in 2008. The relation between occupational factors and problem drinking was analyzed with multiple logistic regression models stratified by gender. CAGE questionnaire was used to assess problem drinking. With regard to employment types, problem drinkers were more prevalent among self-employed women. With regard to occupational types, clerical and service professions had more problem drinkers of either sex, while administrative/managerial and sales professions had more women with such problem. With regard to company size, male problem drinkers were more prevalent in smaller companies than in larger ones. These results indicate that the prevalence of problem drinkers in the workplace depends on where one works. It is necessary to consider these characteristics to provide effective measures to address problem drinking in the workplace.