Teaching students with autism spectrum disorder and moderate intellectual disabilities to use counting-on strategies to enhance independent purchasing skills

The demands of basic math skills often limit the ability of students with autism spectrum disorders to master purchasing skills. This study examined the use of counting-on math skills in conjunction with the next-dollar strategy to enhance independent purchasing skills. Four students with autism and intellectual disabilities successfully acquired and generalized counting-on and next-dollar skills to community settings. Students maintained both skills at a 100% level for up to 6 weeks. Intensifying instruction on functional skills that builds on basic academic skills represents one means of accessing the general education curriculum.     

Nosology and diagnosis of Rett Syndrome

Rett Syndrome is one of the least commonly occurring autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but certainly one of the most devastating. A genetic profile has been identified, but checklists still have an important role for prescreening, especially before expensive genetic testing, and to provide precise strengths and weaknesses with respect to the core features of the disorder. Furthermore, research is now demonstrating subprofiles of genetic mutation which may be linked to profiles of behavioral responding and general symptom profiles. We review the literature on the nosology and assessment of Rett Syndrome in light of these developments. Specific symptoms and assessment techniques are discussed and potential future research avenues are reviewed with an eye to strengths and weaknesses of the current knowledge base.     

Selection of intact fine nerve strands using power spectrum of their electrical noise

Experiments on narcotized cats demonstrated a decrease in noise factor determined as the ratio of power spectrum maximum of electrical noise in a fine nerve strand to the corresponding value of the equivalent resistor in neurofilaments isolated from the sciatic nerve with blocked conduction in comparison with intact control. Noise factor can be used as a criterion for selection of intact fine nerve strands. Translated fromByulleten ‘Eksperimental’ noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 8, pp. 151–154, August, 2000     

应用电子探针能谱分析法测定低温对家兔睾丸元素含量的影响

本文报道用电子探针能谱分析法,直接测定了低温后各实验组兔睾丸局部组织的元素含量,3、6、10天组与正常对照组相比,Mg、K元素WT％含量明显降低,而Na、Cl元素又明显升高。P、S元素含量各实验组与正常对照组间无明显差异。     

临床两组药物等效的判断方法及其辨析

临床两组药效比较 ,最严谨的方法是等效性检验。而用把握度进行例数估算 ,若出现P >0 .0 5 ,则难下结论 ,既不表示按估算的例数进行试验 ,就可做出两组药效基本相同的结论 ,也不能认为只要例数足够多 ,P >0 .0 5也能说明两组基本等效。一般t检验不宜作“两组药效基本相同”的分析     

Efficacy of Participation-Focused Therapy on Performance of Physical Activity Participation Goals and Habitual Physical Activity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective

To determine the efficacy of a participation-focused therapy (ParticiPAte CP) on leisure-time physical activity goal performance and satisfaction and habitual physical activity (HPA) in children with CP.

What Are You Looking at? Joint Attention and Visual Perspective Taking in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study investigated joint attention and visual perspective taking abilities in young children. Twenty children with autism spectrum disorder in the age range of 3–7 years, and 20 age-matched control children participated in the study. Joint attention was assessed by a spontaneous gaze monitoring task, and two tasks measuring eye contact in ambiguous situations. Visual perspective taking was measured using a Level 1 task [(Flavell, J. H., 1978). Nebraska symposium on motivation, Vol. 25, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln]. The children with autism spectrum disorder were not only found to be impaired in their joint attention abilities, but they also showed problems on the visual perspective taking task. These results suggest that the basic dyadic person-object processes may develop in a slower and perhaps qualitatively different way in children with autism spectrum disorder.     

大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤后肠黏膜免疫功能的变化与意义

目的 :观察大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤后肠黏膜免疫功能的变化 ,并探讨其与肠源性细菌内毒素移位的关系。方法 :采用大鼠小肠缺血 45min再灌注模型 ,分别于再灌注后即刻、2h、6h、2 4h用免疫放射法测定肠黏膜组织中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的含量 ;四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法 (MTT)测定Peyer’s淋巴结 (PP)、上皮内淋巴细胞 (IEL)和固有层淋巴细胞 (LPL)增殖活力 ;无菌取肠系膜淋巴结行细菌培养 ,统计细菌移位率 ;取门静脉血检测内毒素。结果 :肠缺血再灌注后肠黏膜中sIgA含量及淋巴细胞增殖活性均明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ,血浆内毒素含量较再灌注前显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ;并于再灌注后 2h起出现肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位 ;肠黏膜内sIgA含量及肠道相关淋巴组织淋巴细胞增殖活力与肠源性细菌内毒素移位呈显著负相关 (r =-0 5 5 3～ -0 75 3 ,P <0 0 1)。结论 :肠缺血再灌注损伤后肠黏膜免疫功能下降 ,与肠外细菌内毒素移位的发生密切相关。     

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid gland: characteristic features on ultrasonography

We report a case of hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid gland and describe the characteristic ultrasonographic features of this tumor. This was a rare tumor of follicular cell origin with a trabecular pattern of growth and marked intratrabecular hyalinization. The tumor had an irregular shape, a delicately jagged border, and hypoechoic and heterogeneous internal echoes on B-mode ultrasonography. Very rich intratumoral blood flow, the so-called “tumor inferno” was evident on power Doppler ultrasonography. In the clinical management of thyroid nodules, clinicians should be aware of this peculiar type of thyroid tumor and its characteristic ultrasonographic findings.     

Clinical efficacy of prostate cancer detection using power doppler imaging in American and Japanese men

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the detection rates of tumor vascular flow as measured by power Doppler imaging (PDI) in 2 populations and to determine whether PDI can reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies in men with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations less than 10.1 ng/ml. METHODS: The patient populations were Japanese (group 1) and American (group 2) men with either serum PSA concentrations of 4.1-10.0 ng/ml or abnormal findings on digital rectal examination (DRE) plus PSA concentrations less than 4.1 ng/ml. We compared the overall diagnostic accuracy of DRE, gray-scale transrectal sonography (TRUS), and PDI between the 2 groups. RESULTS: In total, 275 men were studied, 154 in group 1 and 121 in group 2. Cancer was identified in 27% of men in group 1 and in 60% of group 2. Men with cancer in both groups differed significantly in age, peripheral zone volume, and mean number of positive biopsy cores. The sensitivity and specificity of PDI in group 2 were significantly inferior to those in group 1. The negative predictive value (NPV) of PDI was significantly higher for group 1 than for group 2. The NPV of PDI in group 1 was equivalent to that for the combination of DRE and TRUS, whereas the NPV for PDI in group 2 was significantly inferior to that of DRE and TRUS.CONCLUSIONS: Tumor vascularity could be detected by PDI more effectively in Japanese men with cancer than in American men with cancer. We hypothesize that this difference was a result of larger cancer volumes and smaller prostates in the Japanese men. PDI did not provide any performance advantage over DRE and TRUS in avoiding unnecessary biopsies.