不同子宫动脉介入栓塞方案治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效及安全性分析

目的观察不同子宫动脉介入栓塞(UAE)方案治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效及对子宫血供、卵巢功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年5月于丽水市人民医院和杭州市第一人民医院接受子宫动脉介入栓塞治疗的80例子宫肌瘤患者的临床资料,按照治疗方法分为平阳霉素碘化油乳剂(PLE)组39例,聚乙烯醇(PVA)组41例。比较两组临床疗效、超声影像学指标、子宫肌瘤内部血供[平均流速(Vm)、收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)、最粗供血动脉管径、阻力指数(RI)]、卵巢功能[促卵泡生长激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、促黄体生成素(LH)]水平、术后6个月内复发率及术后综合征。结果术后3个月,PVA组总有效率为92.68%,PLE组为89.74%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月,两组患者子宫体积、子宫肌瘤体积较术前均显著下降(t值分别为59.216、22.361、46.388、22.393,均P<0.05),而两组术后比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术后6个月,两组Vm、Vs、最粗供血动脉管径水平均较术前显著下降(t值分别为15.022、26.973、16.932、14.620、26.535、12.462,均P<0.05),而两组RI水平均较术前显著上升(t值分别为39.333、39.254,均P<0.05),两组术后Vm、Vs、最粗供血动脉管径、RI水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术后6个月,两组患者FSH、E2、P、LH水平较术前比较均无明显差异(均P>0.05),且两组术后比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);PVA组术后6个月复发率及术后综合征总发生率均明显低于PLE组(χ²值分别为4.782、7.179,均P<0.05),而两组盆腔感染、闭经、恶心、呕吐、发热、下腹坠痛等术后综合征发生率单独比较均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论PLE或PVA作为介入治疗的插管栓塞材料均可有效改善子宫肌瘤患者子宫体积、子宫肌瘤体积,促进子宫肌瘤内部血供的恢复,并对卵巢功能无明显影响。其中PVA材料术后综合征总发生率及短期内复发率更低,临床可根据实际需求进行选择。     

Allergic contact dermatitis from di-isodecyl phthatate in a polyvinyl chloride identity band

An animal model for the evaluation of skin protective creams against chemical irritants is described. The irritants were applied daily for 2 weeks to shaved back skin of young guinea pigs: sodium tauryl sulphate (5% aq.: 30 min), sodium hydroxide (0,5% aq.; 2 min). and toluene (20′i. eth.; 2 mint. “The harrier cream was applied 2 h prior to and immediately after exposure to the irritant. Control animals were treated with the irritant only. The irritant reaction was scored on a 4–point scale for erythema and quantified with regard to transepidennal water loss (TEWL) by evaporime-try and skin blood flow volume (BFV) by laser Doppler velocimetry. A total of 90 guinea pigs, consisting of” individual panels of 5 to 10 animals, was tested. While one barrier cream (Slokoderm) significantly suppressed the irritation due 10 sodium lauryl sulphate and toluene, the other (Contra-Alkalh failed to do so and even aggravated the response, which was particularly evident with sodium hydroxide. This model may be useful in developing more effective barrier creams.     

Food safety involving ingestion of foods and beverages prepared with phthalate-plasticizer-containing clouding agents

In May 2011, the illegal use of the phthalate plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in clouding agents for use in foods and beverages was reported in Taiwan. This food scandal has caused shock and panic among the majority of Taiwanese people and has attracted international attention. Phthalate exposure is assessed by ambient monitoring or human biomonitoring. Ambient monitoring relies on measuring chemicals in environmental media, foodstuff and consumer products. Human biomonitoring determines body burden by measuring the chemicals, their metabolites or specific reaction products in human specimens. In mammalian development, the fetus is set to develop into a female. Because the female phenotype is the default, impairment of testosterone production or action before the late phase may lead to feminizing characteristics. Phthalates disrupt the development of androgen-dependent structures by inhibiting fetal testicular testosterone biosynthesis. The spectrum of effects obtained following perinatal exposure of male rats to phthalates has remarkable similarities with the human testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Epidemiological studies have suggested associations between phthalate exposure and shorter gestational age, shorter anogenital distance, shorter penis, incomplete testicular descent, sex hormone alteration, precocious puberty, pubertal gynecomastia, premature thelarche, rhinitis, eczema, asthma, low birth weight, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low intelligence quotient, thyroid hormone alteration, and hypospadias in infants and children. Furthermore, many studies have suggested associations between phthalate exposure and increased sperm DNA damage, decreased proportion of sperm with normal morphology, decreased sperm concentration, decreased sperm morphology, sex hormone alteration, decreased pulmonary function, endometriosis, uterine leiomyomas, breast cancer, obesity, hyperprolactinemia, and thyroid hormone alteration in adults. Finally, the number of phthalate-related scientific publications from Taiwan has increased greatly over the past 5 years, which may reflect the health effects from the illegal addition of phthalate plasticizer to clouding agent in foodstuff over the past two decades.     

Preparation and properties of a pH sensitive carrier based on three kinds of polymer blend to control the release of 5-amino salicylic acid

Abstract

Context: High concentration of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) in the distal ileum and colon is necessary for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The control of small molecules, drugs, released from a polymeric matrix remains a great challenge.

Objective: To study the preparation and properties of a pH-sensitive carrier for targeting delivery of 5-ASA.

Materials and methods: The carrier was prepared by ternary blends method based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA) and polylactic acid. It was characterized by infrared spectrometry and scanning electronic microscopy. The adsorption and release of 5-ASA in different pH media were investigated.

Results: We found out the best ratio of the materials for synthetic carrier. The vector exhibited good performance by the controlled release of the target drug experiment. The adsorption capacity of the carrier for 5-ASA was 70.34% in phosphate buffer saline at pH 1.00, and the release rate was 100.49% in phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.80.

Discussion and conclusion: PVA is vector backbone of the carrier, and SA plays key role in its pH performance. It is a promising material to effectively deliver 5-ASA to the specific sites of IBD.     

A comprehensive review of intake estimates of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) based on indirect exposure models and urinary biomonitoring data

Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) is a high molecular weight general purpose plasticizer used principally in the manufacture of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) articles. DINP metabolites can be measured in biological media such as blood and urine. However, measurement of a substance in the blood or urine does not by itself mean that the chemical causes or is associated with adverse health outcomes. This is particularly pertinent given the advances in modern analytical techniques whereby ever diminishing trace amounts of substances can be detected. Therefore, it is a scientific necessity that risk assessors understand the relationship of biomonitoring data to estimation of exposure so that appropriate comparisons can be made to the no observed adverse effects levels (NOAELs) or other points of departure from toxicological studies in animals. In this paper, estimates of daily DINP intake are calculated for various population segments based on urinary biomonitoring data and are compared to estimates of exposure based on indirect methods and to health-based exposure guidance values. In general, intake estimates converge on a mean of 1–2 μg/kg/day regardless of source of exposure or population cluster; a value 2-orders of magnitude lower than health-based exposure guidance values, ranging from 120 to 290 μg/kg/day, which have been established by regulatory authorities and other authoritative bodies as representing acceptable levels.     

聚氯乙烯增塑糊流变行为研究——Ⅲ、稀释剂和分散剂的影响

以石油溶剂为稀释剂,4-甲基-2-戊酮(Ⅰ)和2-乙氧基乙醇(Ⅱ)为分散剂,研究了不同PVC树脂增塑糊的粘度特征。结果表明,由于PVC是极性聚合物,分散剂的分散效果主要决定于它的极性,Ⅰ的分散效果优于Ⅱ。若PVC含有聚氧乙烯基型表面活性剂,其糊用PVC树脂颗粒能较好地分散。     

Repeat Prostatic Artery Embolization for Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeat prostatic artery (PA) embolization (PAE) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Materials and MethodsA single-center retrospective study was conducted from 2009 to 2018 in 108 patients with symptomatic BPH treated with repeat PAE: group A (n = 39; 36.1%) were patients who never showed a response to PAE, and group B (n = 69; 63.9%) were patients who had clinical improvement in the first 6 months following PAE but relapsing symptoms afterward. The main patterns of revascularization were 75% from the previously embolized PA and 25% from collateral vessels (superior vesical, posterior-lateral PA, penile branches). Technical outcomes and adverse events were registered. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), and clinical success were compared between groups.ResultsMedian follow-up was 18 months (range, 1–36 mo); median interval between PAE and repeat PAE was 420 days (range, 77–2,240 d). Mean procedural time was significantly longer for repeat PAE vs initial PAE (81.1 min vs 67.4 min; P = .0007). There were no major complications and no urinary incontinence. Mean IPSS/QOL improvements were greater in group B vs group A: 9.51 vs 6.13 and 1.30 vs 0.56, respectively (P < .001). The cumulative probability of clinical success after repeat PAE was higher in group B than in group A (P = .0001): 84.1% vs 46.2% at 1 month, 56.7% vs 28.2% at 12 months, and 51.9% vs 16.9% at 24–36 months.ConclusionsRepeat PAE is safe and effective for recurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms caused by BPH but has limited impact in patients who did not show a response to initial PAE.     

Transarterial Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Radiopaque Drug-Eluting Embolics: How to Pursue Periprocedural Cross-Sectional Imaging?

Purpose

To compare different imaging techniques (volume perfusion CT, cone-beam CT, and dynamic gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid–enhanced dynamic contrast–enhanced MR imaging with golden-angle radial sparse parallel MR imaging) in evaluation of transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using radiopaque drug-eluting embolics (DEE).

An Industry Perspective on Compatibility Assessment of Closed System Drug-Transfer Devices for Biologics

The Formulation Workstream of the BioPhorum Development Group (BPDG), an industry-wide consortium, has identified the increased use of closed system drug-transfer devices (CSTDs) with biologics, without an associated compatibility assessment, to be of significant concern. The use of CSTDs has increased significantly in recent years due to the recommendations by NIOSH and USP that they be used during preparation and administration of hazardous drugs. While CSTDs are valuable in the healthcare setting to reduce occupational exposure to hazardous compounds, these devices may present particular risks that must be adequately assessed prior to use to ensure their compatibility with specific types of drug products, such as biologic drugs, which may be sensitive. The responsibility of ensuring quality of biologic products through preparation and administration to the patient lies with the drug product sponsor. Due to the significant number of marketed CSTD systems, and the large variety of components offered for each system, a strategic, risk-based approach to assessing compatibility is recommended herein. In addition to traditional material compatibility, assessment of CSTD compatibility with biologics should consider additional parameters to address specific CSTD-related risks. The BPDG Formulation Workstream has proposed a systematic risk-based evaluation approach as well as a mitigation strategy for establishing suitability of CSTDs for use.     

单克隆抗体-苯并卟啉衍生物偶联物的制备及其在体外抗人肺癌的效应

作者用修饰-聚乙烯醇(M-PVA)作载体,通过1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)将抗人肺癌单克隆抗体5E8和新颖的光敏药物苯并卟啉衍生物-一元酸-A环(BPD-MA)桥连成一偶联物。结果表明5E8偶联物除保留5E8抗体活性和BPD-MA杀细胞效应外,在体外还对人肺癌细胞有特异性杀伤作用。