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Purpose
To compare the stability of stable and unstable water-in-oil emulsions and the efficacy and safety of these emulsions in a single-center, prospective double-blind trial of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and Methods
A total of 812 patients with inoperable HCC were randomized (stable emulsion, n = 402; unstable emulsion, n = 410). The 2 emulsions were prepared by using the same protocol except that different solvents were used for chemotherapy agents, including epirubicin, lobaplatin, and mitomycin C. The solvent in the stable emulsion arm was contrast medium and distilled water, and the solvent in the unstable emulsion arm was distilled water. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were time to progression (TTP), tumor response, adverse events (AEs), and plasma epirubicin concentrations.Results
In vitro, stable emulsions did not occur until 1 day, and unstable emulsions, with a lower peak plasma concentration (P = .001) in vivo, exhibited rapid separation of the oil and aqueous phases after 10 minutes. Median OS times in the stable and unstable emulsion arms were 17.7 and 19.2 months, respectively (P = .81). No differences were found in TTP, tumor response, and AEs except for myelosuppression (anemia, 3.5% vs 7.6%; thrombocytopenia, 11.5% vs 17.7%), which was significantly more severe and frequent in the unstable emulsion arm (P = .013).Conclusions
Chemoembolization is equally effective with the use of stable and unstable emulsions, but the use of a stable emulsion has the advantage of less myelosuppression and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. 相似文献Purpose
To address the feasibility of infusion of yttrium-90 (90Y) glass microspheres directly through the right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA).Materials and Methods
From November 2015 to May 2017, 20 patients underwent 90Y radioembolization through the RIPA. When the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt was demonstrated on C-arm computed tomography (CT) of the RIPA, prophylactic embolization by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles was performed prior to infusion of 90Y glass microspheres. Follow-up CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for pulmonary complications. Tumor response was determined by the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.Results
Nine (45%) patients had systemic-to-pulmonary shunts on C-arm CT images of the RIPA. The feeder of the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt was the azygoesophageal branch (n = 7) and the anterior branch (n = 2). The mean activity of 90Y glass microspheres infused into the RIPA was 0.49 GBq (range, 0.19–1.55 GBq). No patient had symptomatic radiation pneumonitis or cutaneous complications during follow-up. Seven patients had focal atelectasis (n = 5), focal ground-glass opacity (n = 2), and/or a small amount of pleural effusion (n = 2) on follow-up image. Best tumor response fed by the RIPA was complete response (n = 4), partial response (n = 9), stable disease (n = 2), progressive disease (n = 4), and unevaluable (n = 1).Conclusion
The administration of 90Y glass microspheres through the RIPA may be safe after embolization of a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt identified on C-arm CT. 相似文献Materials and methods: Warfarin-soaked polyvinyl sponges (WF-sponges) were implanted subcutaneously and cell infiltration into sponges, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by sponge cells were measured as parameters of inflammation. T cell infiltration and cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured at day 7 post implantation.
Results: Warfarin exerted both stimulatory and suppressive effects depending on the parameter examined. Flow cytometry of cells recovered from sponges showed higher numbers of granulocytes (HIS48+ cells) at days 1 and 3 post implantation and CD11b+ cells at day 1 compared to control sponges. Cells from WF-sponges had an increased NO production (Griess reaction) at days 1 and 7. In contrast, lower levels of TNF (measured by ELISA) production by cells recovered from WF-soaked sponges were found in the early (day one) phase of reaction with unchanged levels at other time points. While IL-6 production by cells recovered from WF-soaked sponges was decreased at day 1, it was increased at day 7. Higher T cell numbers were noted in WF sponges at day 7 post implantation, and recovered cells produced more IFN-γ and IL-17, while IL-10 production remained unchanged.
Conclusions: Warfarin affects some of the parameters of inflammatory reaction induced by subcutaneous polyvinyl sponge implantation. Differential (both stimulatory as well as inhibitory) effects of WF on inflammatory response to sponge implants might affect the course and/or duration of this reaction. 相似文献