调节、集合与视觉保持测试相关性研究

目的探讨调节集合与视觉保持测试的相关性。方法292名8～12岁学龄儿童进行单眼调节程度、集合近点检查及本顿视觉保持测试,并应用SAS软件进行K-W秩和检验及Logistic多因素分析。结果左、右眼调节程度、集合近点分别与视觉保持测试结果比较,差异无统计学意义；视觉保持测试Logistic多因素分析结果表明左右眼调节程度异常及集合近点异常均为视觉保持测试结果的危险因素,其危险值分别为1．30,1．30,1．35。结论调节、集合异常患者,在进行视觉保持测试时因在融合功能范围能动用一定的储备,尚能代偿,但当认知任务较重时,超过代偿极限,测试结果异常的机率就增加。     

A Hodge Decomposition Method for Dynamic Ginzburg–Landau Equations in Nonsmooth Domains — A Second Approach

In a general polygonal domain, possibly nonconvex and multi-connected(with holes), the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation is reformulated into anew system of equations. The magnetic field $B$:=∇×A is introduced as an unknownsolution in the new system, while the magnetic potential A is solved implicitly throughits Hodge decomposition into divergence-free part, curl-free and harmonic parts, separately. Global well-posedness of the new system and its equivalence to the original problem are proved. A linearized and decoupled Galerkin finite element methodis proposed for solving the new system. The convergence of numerical solutions isproved based on a compactness argument by utilizing the maximal $L^p$-regularity ofthe discretized equations. Compared with the Hodge decomposition method proposed in [27]_,the new method has the advantage of approximating the magnetic fieldB directly and converging for initial conditions that are incompatible with the externalmagnetic field. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency ofthe proposed numerical method in both simply connected and multi-connected nonsmooth domains. We observe that even in simply connected domains, the new methodis superior to the method in [27] for approximating the magnetic field.     

三棱镜排镜法和同视机法测量正常儿童双眼运动融合功能的差异

目的 对比三棱镜排镜法和同视机法对正常儿童的融合性辐辏和融合性分开运动检查的异同.方法 横断面研究.收集8～15岁无眼部疾患并且进行充分屈光矫正的儿童100例,分别采用同视机和三棱镜排镜法测量融合性分开运动和融合性辐辏运动的破裂点和恢复点.各种检查均重复3次,取平均值,采用独立样本t检验对比2种方法测量结果的异同,相关性分析采用Spearman相关分析.结果 当三棱镜排镜分别放置在主导眼和非主导眼时,融合性辐辏运动和融合性分开运动看远和看近时的破裂点和恢复点差异均无统计学意义.同视机和三棱镜排镜检测融合性辐辏和分开运动的破裂点数据呈正相关(辐辏运动r=0.60,P＜0.01,分开运动r=0.46,P＜0.05) 视远时,无论融合性辐辏还是融合性分开运动,分别采用同视机和三棱镜排镜检查的破裂点和恢复点的差异均无统计学意义.结论 三棱镜排镜法在检测正常儿童看远的融合性辐辏与分开运动时与同视机法可获得相近的效果.     

Effects of slanted bilateral lateral recession vs conventional bilateral lateral recession on convergence insufficiency intermittent exotropia: a prospective study

AIM: To observe the surgical effects of slanted bilateral lateral recession (S-BLR) versus conventional bilateral lateral recession (C-BLR) in convergence insufficiency intermittent exotropia (CI-IXT). METHODS: Using a randomized, double-blind, prospective design, 22 patients with CI-IXT who were admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from July 2019 to December 2020 were included. Patients were randomly divided into either S-BLR or C-BLR group for their subsequent strabismus surgery. All patients were followed up for 12mo. Near deviation, distant deviation, and near-distance difference (NDD) were measured in all patients. RESULTS: Twelve months after surgery, NDD improvement was 10 (8, 13) prismatic degrees (PD) in S-BLR group and 3 (1, 6) PD in C-BLR group (P=0.011). The near deviation of S-BLR group was 0 (-2, 2) PD, while that of C-BLR group was -4 (-6, -3) PD (P=0.005). Before and after surgery, the difference in the distant deviation between the two groups was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in near stereopsis between the two groups (P=0.380) at 12mo. The success rate at 12mo after operation was 90.91% and 72.73% in the two groups (P=0.280). CONCLUSION: CI-IXT patients treated with S-BLR have better surgical outcomes than those treated with C-BLR, which indicates S-BLR is a safe and effective operation pattern.     

A Mortar Spectral Element Method for Full-Potential Electronic Structure Calculations

In this paper, we propose an efficient mortar spectral element approximation scheme for full-potential electronic structure calculations. As a subsequent work of [24], the paper adopts a similar domain decomposition that the computational domain is first decomposed into a number of cuboid subdomains satisfying each nucleus is located in the center of one cube, in which a small ball element centered at the site of the nucleus is attached, and the remainder of the cube is further partitioned into six curvilinear hexahedrons. Specially designed Sobolev-orthogonal basis is adopted in each ball. Classic conforming spectral element approximations using mapped Jacobi polynomials are implemented on the curvilinear hexahedrons and the cuboid elements without nuclei. A mortar technique is applied to patch the different discretizations. Numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme, especially the spectral convergence rates of the ground state approximations. Essentially the algorithm can be extended to general eigenvalue problems with the Coulomb singularities.     

Convergence Rate Analysis for Deep Ritz Method

Using deep neural networks to solve PDEs has attracted a lot of attentions recently. However, why the deep learning method works is falling far behind its empirical success. In this paper, we provide a rigorous numerical analysis on deep Ritz method (DRM) [47] for second order elliptic equations with Neumann boundary conditions. We establish the first nonasymptotic convergence rate in $H^1$ norm for DRM using deep networks with ${\rm ReLU}^2$ activation functions. In addition to providing a theoretical justification of DRM, our study also shed light on how to set the hyperparameter of depth and width to achieve the desired convergence rate in terms of number of training samples. Technically, we derive bound on the approximation error of deep ${\rm ReLU}^2$ network in $C^1$ norm and bound on the Rademacher complexity of the non-Lipschitz composition of gradient norm and ${\rm ReLU}^2$ network, both of which are of independent interest.     

彩色多普勒血流会聚法定量评估二尖瓣返流严重程度的研究

彩色多普勒血流会聚区（ＦＣＲ）法是近几年发展起来的一定量二尖瓣返流的新方法。本文应用该方法，对５５例显示血流会聚区的二尖瓣返流患者行ＦＣＲ法与返流束面积法（ＳＲ）、返流束面积与左房面积之比法（ＳＲ／ＳＬＡ）相比较，相关系数分别为０．８２２及０．７３２（Ｐ值均小于０．０１），并应用ＦＣＲ法定量测定二尖瓣返流率。按不同的返流率将二尖瓣返流分为轻、中、重三度。本文认为血流会聚法为定量评估二尖瓣返流（特别是中至重度返流）一较为理想的无创性方法，具有广泛的理论研究及临床应用前景。     

血管集束征在肺磨玻璃结节定性诊断中的价值研究

目的：评价胸部增强CT图像中的血管集束征,在肺磨玻璃结节（ground-glass nodule,GGN）定性诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的,直径为5~20 mm的136个GGN的动态增强CT表现,包括良性结节20个、浸润前病变（pre-invasive lesions,PL）32个,微浸润腺癌（minimally invasive adenocarcinoma,MIA）31个,浸润性腺癌（invasive adenocarcinoma,IAC）53个。所有患者均采用双源CT行胸部增强CT扫描,观察、比较GGN血管集束征的出现率。根据扫描结果将血管集束征分为肺动脉异常（Ⅰ型）、肺静脉异常（Ⅱ型）两型,比较Ⅰ、Ⅱ型血管集束征在良、恶性结节及不同浸润程度结节中的差异。结果：在动态增强CT扫描上,GGN中血管集束征的显示率为53.68%（73/136）,而恶性结节中的血管集束征显示率（57.76%,67/116）高于良性结节（30.00%,6/20）（P=0.021)。良、恶性结节间的Ⅰ型血管集束征出现率差异无统计学意义[10.00% （2/20）比13.79% （16/116）,P=0.644];在不同病理亚型的恶性结节间,Ⅰ型血管集束征的出现率差异亦无统计学意义 [PL,12.50% （4/32）;MIA,25.81% （8/31）;IAC,7.55%（4/53）,P=0.062]。但Ⅱ型血管集束征在恶性结节中的出现率（43.97%,51/116）高于良性结节（20.00%,4/20）（P=0.044）,且随着恶性结节病变级别的增加,Ⅱ型血管集束征的出现率增高[PL,21.88%（7/32）;MIA,25.81%（8/31）;IAC,67.92% （36/53）,P<0.001],其在IAC中的出现率为最高,诊断灵敏度为67.92%,特异度为76.19%。IAC组与PL组、MIA组比较,Ⅱ型血管集束征出现率差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.001）,而PL组与MIA组间的Ⅱ型血管集束征出现率差异无统计学意义（P=0.714）。结论：肺静脉异常型（Ⅱ型）血管集束征的出现率对鉴别肺结节良恶性具有临床应用价值,当GGN为IAC时出现血管集束征的概率更高。