正常人与脊髓灰质炎后遗症患者肌电图的功率谱分析

本实验对正常人和脊髓灰质炎后遗症患者的胫前肌和腓肠肌肌电图(EMG)进行功率谱分析(FFT),描述了两者在FFT中的特点。实验结果表明:正常人FFT相对集中在低频范围,而患者的FFT能量分散在较大的频率范围内。为临床诊断、治疗提供了一个辅助手段和客观指标。     

Potential susceptible individuals to poliomyelitis in Austria

This report presents the results of a vaccine coverage survey that was performed in the Tyrol (Austria) in 1997. The major finding is that pockets of children susceptible to poliomyelitis currently exist in the area, because of delayed immunisation. The cause for the delay is the practice of interrupting oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) administration during summer months.     

Enteric viral infections in pre-school children in Karachi,Pakistan

A prospective study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan on the virology of enteropathogens excreted by children with acute gastroenteritis and the results were compared with a control group of healthy children. Rotavirus and Adenovirus detection was done using ELISA techniques, while enterovirus isolation was done by virus culture. In 1990, 12.3% children with acute watery diarrhoea excreted rotavirus, as compared to 24.4% children in 1991. None of the healthy children excreted adenovirus 40 and 41. Preliminary results of 1992 revealed that rotavirus was seen in 13% of children with acute watery diarrhoea and adenovirus in 10% of children. Enteroviruses were isolated in the same frequency in all three groups i.e. children with acute watery diarrhoea, children with poliomyelitis and healthy children. Non-polio enteroviruses were excreted in 50–52% in all the 3 groups. The rate of enterovirus excretion is much higher than seen in other developed countries and is the same in children with diarrhoea and healthy children.     

West nile virus infection and myasthenia gravis

Introduction: Viruses are commonly cited as triggers for autoimmune disease. It is unclear if West Nile virus (WNV) initiates autoimmunity. Methods: We describe 6 cases of myasthenia gravis (MG) that developed several months after WNV infection. All patients had serologically confirmed WNV neuroinvasive disease. None had evidence of MG before WNV. Results: All patients had stable neurological deficits when they developed new symptoms of MG 3 to 7 months after WNV infection. However, residual deficits from WNV confounded or delayed MG diagnosis. All patients had elevated acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies, and 1 had thymoma. Treatment varied, but 4 patients required acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, multiple immunosuppressive drugs, and intravenous immune globulin or plasmapheresis for recurrent MG crises. Conclusions: The pathogenic mechanism of MG following WNV remains uncertain. We hypothesize that WNV‐triggered autoimmunity breaks immunological self‐tolerance to initiate MG, possibly through molecular mimicry between virus antigens and AChR subunits or other autoimmune mechanisms. Muscle Nerve 49 : 26–29, 2014     

18例小儿麻痹症合并骨折病人的护理

[目的]总结小儿麻痹症合并骨折病人的护理。[方法]对18例小儿麻痹症合并骨折病人加强心理护理、疼痛和肿胀的护理、石膏的护理、饮食护理、功能锻炼等。[结果]18例病人均痊愈出院,未发生护理并发症和护理纠纷。[结论]加强小儿麻痹症合并骨折病人的护理有利于预后。     

Vaccination coverage rates for Diphtheria,Tetanus, Poliomyelitis and Pertussis booster vaccination in France between 2013 and 2017: Learnings from an analysis of National Health System Real-World Data

BackgroundMaintaining a high vaccination coverage rate (VCR) throughout the lifetime and complying with the National Immunization Program are essential to optimize the protection of the population. The study objectives were to evaluate the evolution of the VCRs and the compliance with the vaccination visits for the diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis and pertussis boosters in France since the changes implemented in the 2013 National Immunization Program.MethodsCumulative booster VCRs were estimated at all vaccination visits, from 2013 to 2017, among persons eligible for a booster vaccination from a 1/97th random sample of French claims data. Broader age groups around the recommended ages by the vaccination schedule (6, 11–13, 25, 45, 65, 75, 85, 95y) were used: all persons aged 5 to 8, 10 to 15, 21 to 29, 41 to 49, 61 to 69, 71 to 79, 81 to 89 and 91 to 99.ResultsOver the study period, the diphtheria-tetanus-poliomyelitis booster VCRs increased, reaching in 2017: 73.3% at 8 years old, 75.6% at 15 years old, 46.6% at 29 years old, 38.4% at 49 years old, 36.3% at 69 years old, 30.8% at 79 years old, 22.1% at 89 years old and 11.0% at 99 years old. The pertussis VCRs were also increasing at all vaccination visits, in particular at the vaccination visits at 6 and 11–13 years old (from 16.4% to 63.8% and from 50.3% to 61.2%, respectively). Delayed vaccinations were observed at all vaccination visits.ConclusionVCRs for Diphtheria, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis and Pertussis booster vaccination increased from 2013 to 2017 while remaining suboptimal across all ages and lower in the adult populations. The analysis also shows that the introduction in 2013 of a pertussis vaccination at 6 years of age was relatively well-established in 2017 while other changes in recommendations were slowly or partially implemented.     

Pan-Enterovirus Amplicon-Based High-Throughput Sequencing Detects the Complete Capsid of a EVA71 Genotype C1 Variant via Wastewater-Based Epidemiology in Arizona

We describe the complete capsid of a genotype C1-like Enterovirus A71 variant recovered from wastewater in a neighborhood in the greater Tempe, Arizona area (Southwest United States) in May 2020 using a pan-enterovirus amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing strategy. The variant seems to have been circulating for over two years, but its sequence has not been documented in that period. As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in changes in health-seeking behavior and overwhelmed pathogen diagnostics, our findings highlight the importance of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE ) as an early warning system for virus surveillance.     

2013年广水市健康儿童4种疫苗接种后抗体水平监测结果分析

目的：了解该辖区内7～＜13岁健康儿童麻疹、流行性乙型脑炎、脊髓灰质炎、乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果,为全市制定免疫防控策略及风险评估提供科学依据。方法抽取全市7～＜13岁健康儿童4616例,采用 ELISA 进行4种抗体检测。结果广水市7～＜13岁健康儿童麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、流行性乙型脑炎、乙型肝炎抗体阳性率分别为94．41％、93．07％、93．78％、68．72％,前3种抗体保护水平均在85％以上,4种抗体阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ2＝1987．08,P＝0．000）。流行性乙型脑炎抗体阳性率在不同年龄段差异无统计学意义（χ2＝10．141,P＝0．071）。麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、乙型肝炎抗体阳性率在不同年龄段差异有统计学意义（χ2＝40．471,P＝0．000;χ2＝25．174,P ＝0．000;χ2＝283．641,P＝0．000）。4种抗体阳性率在不同性别间的差异均无统计学意义（χ2＝0．019,P＝0．889;χ2＝1．017,P＝0．313;χ2＝0．018,P＝0．892;P ＝0．639,P＝0．424）。麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、流行性乙型脑炎在全市17个乡镇／社区间差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．099,P ＝1．000;χ2＝0．117,P ＝1．000;χ2＝0．134,P＝1．000）。乙型肝炎抗体阳性率在17个乡镇／社区间差异有统计学意义（χ2＝186．179,P ＝0．001）。结论广水市7～＜13岁健康儿童麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、流行性乙型脑炎抗体水平达到了保护率,但乙型肝炎抗体水平有待提高,应继续加强监测工作,强化查种补漏工作。     

Evaluation of the genetic stability of Sabin strains and the consistency of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains using direct deep-sequencing

Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains (sIPV) has been encouraged to introduce in the “Global Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan” and increasingly used worldwide. Attenuated Sabin strains used in manufacture of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and sIPV may regain full or partial neurovirulence during growth in vaccine recipients and the vaccine manufacturing processes. Ensuring the molecular consistency of sIPV batches and that no mutation accumulates beyond the level present in past batches are important for quality control of vaccine manufacture process. Direct deep-sequencing allows the construction of a library of virus RNA and the detection of genetic mutations throughout the viral genome. In the present study, direct deep-sequencing was conducted to detect molecular mutations in virus passages, multiple sIPV monovalent lots, and virus monovalent lots from different polio type III strains. The results indicated that direct deep-sequencing can be used to identify and quantify small amounts of mutant viruses in vaccine preparations, trace the source of a specific virus seed, and monitor the batch-to-batch consistency of vaccines, suggesting that this technique could be suitable for the quality control and consistency monitoring of sIPV production.     

Ala67Thr mutation in the poliovirus receptor CD155 is a potential risk factor for vaccine and wild‐type paralytic poliomyelitis

Poliovirus infections can be asymptomatic or cause severe paralysis. Why some individuals develop paralytic poliomyelitis is unknown, but a role for host genetic factors has been suggested. To investigate if a polymorphism, Ala67Thr, in the poliovirus receptor, which has been found to facilitate increased resistance against poliovirus‐induced cell lysis and apoptosis, is associated with increased risk of paralytic poliomyelitis, poliovirus receptor genotyping was undertaken among Italian subjects with vaccine‐associated (n = 9), or with wild‐type paralytic poliomyelitis (n = 6), and control subjects (n = 71), using RFLP‐PCR and pyrosequencing. Heterozygous poliovirus receptor Ala67Thr genotype was found in 13.3% of the patients with paresis and in 8.5% of the controls (Odds Ratio = 1.667). The frequency of Ala67Thr among the controls is in agreement with earlier published data. It is concluded that the Ala67Thr mutation in the poliovirus receptor is a possible risk factor for the development of vaccine‐associated or paralytic poliomyelitis associated with wild‐type virus. J. Med. Virol. 81:933–936, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.