贵州省2007-2011年急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测情况分析

目的：分析贵州省2007-2011年急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例监测系统运转情况,及时发现其中存在的问题,防范输入性脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒病例发生.方法：整理贵州省AFP监测系统2007-2011年5年AFP病例数据,分析AFP病例的流行病学分布特征,评价AFP监测系统质量及监测效果.结果：1068例AFP病例报告覆盖全省9个市（州）,AFP发病时间无明显的季节性,以4岁及以下儿童为主,男女性别比为1.83∶1.AFP病例以格林巴利综合征（GBS）为主,占35.7％.以省为单位,每年＜15岁儿童非脊灰AFP病例报告发病率均＞1/10万,各项及时性指标均＞80％.病例就诊2次时,粪便标本不合格率为18.0％,≥3次时,不合格率达到52.4％.结论：贵州省2007-2011年AFP病例监测系统质量较高,病例就诊次数越多标本采集不合格率越高.     

NEWS SECTION

Different types of integrated management programmes have lately been introduced in the treatment of Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). In this study regular primary care physiotherapy and physiotherapy management with integrated components of cognitive-behavioural origin was compared in an experimental group study. The predictive value of self-efficacy was also addressed. Thirty-three patients with chronic WAD were included in the trial. Results revealed no significant differences between groups in self-ratings of disability or pain intensity. However, among the self-reported benefits of treatment, patients in the experimental group reported significantly less pain than did the comparison group. At three months follow-up the experimental group also reported better performance of daily activities. Between group differences in the coping repertoire were found at pre-, post-, and three-month follow-up. Generally, patients with high self-efficacy reported less use of "maladaptive" and passive coping style than patients with low self-efficacy, at all times. In conclusion cognitive behavioural components can be useful in physiotherapy treatment for patients with chronic WAD, but their contributions are not yet fully understood. Self-efficacy is related to patients' use of different coping styles. Positive long-term outcomes in WAD-patients could therefore be improved by enhancing patients' self-efficacy and by teaching them to use active, adaptive coping strategies.     

绵阳市实现无脊髓灰质炎目标的报告

目的 分析消灭脊髓灰质炎的方法和策略。指导保持无脊髓灰质炎状态的防制工作。对其它疾病的控制提供借鉴。方法 提高和巩固脊髓灰质炎常规免疫接种率，连续开展全市范围的强化免疫，建立敏感的急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测系统，加强对特殊人群计划免疫管理采取相应的技术保障措施，结果 绵阳市已13年未发现脊髓灰质炎野病毒引起的麻痹型病例。结论 保持高水平脊髓灰质炎疫苗免疫接种率，维持高质量AFP监测。以及加强特殊人群计划免疫管理，对巩固实现无脊髓灰质炎目标成果有重要指导意义。     

深圳市AFP病例流行特征及病原学监测结果分析

本文对深圳市 1992～ 2 0 0 1年报告的 12 9例急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例及标本监测结果进行分析 ,结果显示 ,发病年龄主要集中在 3岁以下儿童 ,男性多于女性 ;发病时间和地区分散 ,无明显季节性和地区聚集性 ;17.83 %病例无免疫史 ;2 5 .5 8%病例 60 d随访仍残留麻痹。 12 4例粪便标本 ,分离出非脊灰肠病毒 17例 ,脊灰病毒 2 2例 ;其中 1992～1993年 4例为脊灰野毒株 ,1994～ 2 0 0 1年 18例为脊灰疫苗株。检出 18例脊灰疫苗株中 ,4例为疫苗相关病例 (VAPP) ,VAPP发生率为 0 .90 /10 0万。另有 6例疑似疫苗接触者相关病例 ,其特点是 :1无免疫史 ,接触史不明 ;2病例分散分布 ;3临床特征有发热 ,非对称性弛缓性麻痹 ;4发病 60 d后仍残留麻痹     

Poliomyelitis: long-time consequences for social life

In a study of 102 consecutive patients hospitalized for previous poliomyelitis, we found that 70 patients had continued education after elementary school and 18 were academics. This is a higher proportion than in the general Norwegian population. All 14 patients with paraparesis had continued education after elementary school, while as many as 12 of 18 patients with a university degree had widespread pareses in the acute phase. Of the patients 46 worked or had worked full-time up to 60 years of age. Only 29 patients were receiving a disabled pension. Another 9 patients had neither been employed nor received any pension, all housewives. Nine of 14 patients with paraparesis were working full-time, only 2 received disabled pension. Among the 35 patients with persisting widespread pareses, 11 were still in full-time work and 7 were working part-time. The employment rate among the patients in this study was nearly identical to the age-correlated general employment rate in Norway. Our conclusion is that polio patients are doing well in society; they have taken education, are working, and are generally self-supported. The degree of pareses does not seem to have been the most determining factor for their educational and professional activity.     

防范魔音入耳 关爱听力健康

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河北省三种脊髓灰质炎疫苗安全性监测分析

目的 比较河北省二价脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral polio attenuated live vaccine, bOPV)、脊灰灭活疫苗(Salk株)(inactivvated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Salk strains, IPV-Salk)和脊灰灭活疫苗(Sabin株)(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains , IPV-Sabin )接种后疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价脊灰疫苗的安全性。 方法 通过疑似AEFI信息管理系统收集河北省2016年5月1日—2018年4月30日脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI个案,比较分析三种脊灰疫苗接种后AEFI的报告发生情况。 结果 bOPV、IPV-Salk和IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率分别为13.53 / 10万剂、40.50/10万剂和63.70 / 10万剂。bOPV与IPV-Salk、bOPV与IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk与IPV-Sabin的AEFI报告发生率(χ²= 360.355, P＜0.001,χ²= 360.247, P＜0.001, χ²= 34.895, P＜0.001)和一般反应报告发生率(χ²= 373.009, P＜0.001, χ²= 564.795, P＜0.001, χ²= 35.382,P＜0.001)差异均有统计学意义,由高到低依次为:IPV-Sabin、IPV-Salk和bOPV;异常反应报告发生率(χ²= 3.077,P=0.079, χ²_C= 1.165,P=0.281, χ²_C= 0,P=1)差异均无统计学意义。三种脊灰疫苗的AEFI中均以一般反应为主,年龄主要集中在≤1岁组,主要发生在接种后1 d内。 结论 河北省三种脊灰疫苗总体安全性良好,但仍需加强脊灰疫苗安全性监测。     

Safety data from the MenB-FHbp clinical development program in healthy individuals aged 10 years and older

BackgroundThe MenB-FHbp vaccine (Trumenba®) is licensed in various countries for the prevention of meningococcal serogroup B disease in individuals ≥ 10 years of age. The clinical development program included 11 completed trials where, in each trial, MenB-FHbp had an acceptable safety profile after a primary vaccination series was administered to individuals 10–65 years of age. However, the detection of potential rare events was limited because of individual clinical trial size. The current safety analysis evaluates pooled reactogenicity and other adverse events (AEs) reported in these trials to identify new safety signals not detectable in individual trials.MethodsEleven trials contributed safety data, of which 10 recorded local and systemic reactogenicity events; 8 of the trials were controlled, and reactogenicity data were pooled for 7 of these 8 trials. Additional AE evaluations included immediate AEs (IAEs), medically attended AEs (MAEs), serious AEs (SAEs), newly diagnosed chronic medical conditions (NDCMCs), and autoimmune or neuroinflammatory conditions.ResultsLocal and systemic reactions were more frequent in the MenB-FHbp group (n = 15,294) compared with controls (n = 5509), although most reactions were transient and mild to moderate in severity. Frequencies of IAEs, SAEs, MAEs, NDCMCs, and autoimmune or neuroinflammatory conditions were similar between the MenB-FHbp and control groups.ConclusionsMenB-FHbp demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile in the clinical development program of > 15,000 vaccine recipients ≥ 10 years of age. No new safety signals were identified in the pooled analysis compared with data from the individual trials. Continued postmarketing safety surveillance is important for the identification of rare events.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01299480; NCT000808028; NCT00879814; NCT00780806; NCT01352845; NCT01352793; NCT01461993; NCT01323270; NCT01830855; NCT01461980; NCT01768117.     

T cell responses to vaccines in infants: defective IFNgamma production after oral polio vaccination

The immaturity of the neonatal immune system is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections. Studies in mice indicate that neonatal immune responses are biased towards the T helper 2 type, but little is known about helper T cell responses in human newborns. In this study, the oral polio vaccine was used as a model of early immunization to investigate the capacity of young infants to develop cellular immune responses. We show that neonatal immunization with oral polio vaccine induces the production of high titres of neutralizing antibodies but reduced proliferative and IFNgamma responses to polio antigens compared to immune adults. These data suggest that specific strategies will be required to immunize newborns against pathogens controlled by Th1 type immune responses.