生物谐振规律对步行效率影响的前驱研究

目的:通过下肢软瘫模型研究生物谐振对步行效率的影响。方法:下肢软瘫并导致步行障碍的男性小儿麻痹后遗症患者12名(17±1岁,身高1.68±4.6m,体重52.5±5.4kg)与同龄健康青年12名匹配对照。采用三维步态分析系统获取步态参数,采用便携式气体分析系统测定氧价,作为能量效率的指标。评测状态为自然步行、80%自然步频以及120%自然步频,即100%、80%、120%自然步频。结果:儿麻患者在100%、80%、120%自然步频的条件下步速分别为(65.45±8.71、53.04±5.92、74.47±9.49)m/s,步速和步频密切相关(r=0.96,P<0.01);耗氧量分别为(15.17±3.56、20.76±4.31、21.48±6.16)ml/min/kg,慢速与快速步频的耗氧量均显著高于自然步频(P<0.01);氧价分别为(0.231±0.043、0.294±0.061、0.288±0.072)ml/m/kg,和同龄正常人比较自然、慢速与快速步频下的氧价均明显增加(P<0.01)。慢速与快速步频的氧价亦显著高于自然步频(P<0.05)。结论:儿麻患者自然步频的能量效率最高,步频加速或者减慢均降低此效率,提示肌肉固有谐振规律的作用。     

Large diameter metal on metal total hip replacement for femoral neck fractures with neurological conditions: A retrospective assessment

Background:

Patients with Parkinson''s disease and poliomyelitis can have a femoral neck fracture; yet, the optimal methods of treatment for these hips remains controversial. Many constrained or semi-constrained prostheses, using constrained liners (CLs) with a locking mechanism to capture the femoral head, were used to treat femoral neck fractures in patients with neurological disorders. We retrospectively studied a group of patients with Parkinson''s disease and poliomyelitis who sustained femoral neck fractures and were treated by total hip arthroplasty using an L-MoM prosthesis.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 12 hips in 12 patients who underwent large-diameter metal-on-metal (L-MoM) total hip replacement between May 2007 and October 2009. Eight of the 12 patients (8 hips; 66.7%) had Parkinson''s disease and 4 patients (4 hips; 33.3%) were affected with poliomyelitis.

Results:

The followup time was 5.2 years (range 3.6-6.0 years). At the latest followup, all the patients showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic results, with pain relief. No complications, such as dislocation or aseptic loosening occurred.

Conclusion:

We believe the use of L-MoM can diminish the rate of instability or dislocation, after operation. The L-MoM is an option for patients with Parkinson''s disease and poliomyelitis with femoral neck fracture.     

2005年广西急性弛缓性麻痹病例流行病学分析

目的 了解2005年广西急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测系统运转状况,进一步做好AFP病例监测,巩固无脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)成果.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对广西2005年AFP监测数据进行分析.结果 2005年广西AFP监测系统共报告病例307例,其中AFP病例262例,非AFP病例45例.AFP病例中,经实验室标本检测和专家诊断小组诊断,260例被排除脊灰,2例为临床符合脊灰病例.＜15岁儿童非脊灰AFP病例报告发病率2.40/10万,82.70%的县报告AFP发病率＞1/10万;合格粪便标本采集率为90.50%;12例病例分离出脊灰疫苗病毒,脊灰疫苗病毒分离率为4.62%;分离出其他肠道病毒25例,肠道病毒分离率为9.62%;AFP病例监测系统各项指标均达到要求.首诊报告率为76.72%,但乡村级仅为36.46%;8.01%的病例未完成全程免疫,零剂次儿童占总病例的2.67%. 结论 广西仍需进一步加强常规免疫,提高AFP监测敏感性和乡村级首诊报告率.     

Neonatal poliomyelitis

A case of neonatal, poliomyelitis is discussed. The clinical, electromyographic and serologic studies confirmed the diagnosis of paralytic poliomyelitis, thus illustrating the risk of disease in neonates born of non-immune mothers, into an environment where infection is very common.     

Autonomic cardiovascular responses in antecedent poliomyelitis

Autonomically mediated cardiovascular responses were evaluated in 20 subjects with antecedent poliomyelitis and compared to data from an age- and sex-matched control group. The polio subjects had a lower heart rate response to the Valsalva manoeuvre but the same respiratory sinus arrhythmia as the controls. From this it is concluded that the polio subjects had a normal vagal function. The polio subjects had a greater initial heart rate increase but the same blood pressure response to the orthostatic position as the controls. This indicates a normal function of the sympathetic nerves. The greater heart rate increase is most likely caused by a displacement of blood to the legs because of muscle atrophy. The polio subjects had a smaller blood flow increase as an initial response to an isometric handgrip than the controls. This might be attributed to a reduced beta-adrenergic vasodilation, possibly due to a reduced central vasomotor drive. It is concluded that subjects with antecedent poliomyelitis have no significant dysfunction of the peripheral autonomic nerves. Thus, there is no deterioration of the peripheral autonomic nerve function in parallel with the progressive muscle atrophy and paralysis earlier described in post-polio subjects.     

West Nile virus-associated flaccid paralysis

The causes and frequency of acute paralysis and respiratory failure with West Nile virus (WNV) infection are incompletely understood. During the summer and fall of 2003, we conducted a prospective, population-based study among residents of a 3-county area in Colorado, United States, with developing WNV-associated paralysis. Thirty-two patients with developing paralysis and acute WNV infection were identified. Causes included a poliomyelitislike syndrome in 27 (84%) patients and a Guillain-Barré-like syndrome in 4 (13%); 1 had brachial plexus involvement alone. The incidence of poliomyelitislike syndrome was 3.7/100,000. Twelve patients (38%), including 1 with Guillain-Barré-like syndrome, had acute respiratory failure that required endotracheal intubation. At 4 months, 3 patients with respiratory failure died, 2 remained intubated, 25 showed various degrees of improvement, and 2 were lost to followup. A poliomyelitislike syndrome likely involving spinal anterior horn cells is the most common mechanism of WNV-associated paralysis and is associated with significant short- and long-term illness and death.     

Trumpets of attack: collaborative efforts between nursing and philanthropies to care for the child crippled with polio 1930 to 1959

The purpose of this historical inquiry research was to explore (a) the relationship of nursing and foundations focusing on polio from 1930 to 1959; (b) the employment and educational opportunities arising from the polio epidemics for white and black nurses, as well as the obstacles encountered; (c) the role of nursing leaders in the care of the crippled child; and (d) the effects of the resolution of the polio epidemics resulting from the polio vaccine on public attitude and on the philanthropic organizations. Relevant journals, primary and secondary sources, and personal interviews were the methods used for data collection. Because of the extraordinary community support for work related to polio, nurses were able to obtain support from foundations. This support resulted in employment and educational opportunities for bedside nursing, primarily for white nurses. Middle and upper class fear of polio enabled the development of powerful and successful private organizations to supplement the available governmental services. This research illustrates the advances that nursing has made and reminds nurses to develop and maintain strong praxis relationships, alliances with philanthropies, referrals for clients with local organizations, and a strong voice in the planning arena.     

中国2006年脊髓灰质炎实验室网络的运转与监测

目的通过对中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)2006年脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)实验室网络监测结果进行分析,评估其运转情况,提供中国继续维持无脊灰状态的实验室依据。方法分析31个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例个案调查表数据库和中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)病毒病预防控制所国家脊灰实验室监测数据库,总结脊灰实验室网络运转中的培训和质量控制,评价实验室网络运转的各项指标。结果2006年全国脊灰实验室网络收集了5 299例AFP病例的10 537份粪便标本,按《世界卫生组织(WHO)脊灰实验室手册》的要求进行病毒分离和鉴定。28d内完成病毒血清型定型的及时率为88.7%,AFP病例中分离到脊灰病毒(PV)的280例,分离率为5.3%;分离到非脊灰肠道病毒的551例,分离率为10.4%。国家脊灰实验室对2006年全国脊灰实验室网络分离到的359株PV进行了聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)型内鉴定,对462份单血清型PV进行了酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)型内鉴定。并对PCR-RFLP及ELISA型内鉴定有异常的毒株或分离于零剂次服苗的AFP病例的毒株及部分Ⅲ型毒株,共180株进行VP1基因核苷酸序列测定和分析,未发现脊灰野病毒。但在广西壮族自治区的1例AFP病例和7名接触者中,分离到8株Ⅰ型疫苗衍生脊灰病毒(VDPVs),在上海市1名健康儿童中分离到1株Ⅲ型VDPV。在培训和质量控制方面,2006年举办了两期全国脊灰实验室新人手把手培训班,12个省CDC脊灰实验室16人参加了培训。2006年,国家脊灰实验室以优异的成绩通过WHO的2006年度能力验证和现场认证;31个省CDC脊灰实验室通过了2006年度盲样标本能力验证;内蒙古、江苏、福建、云南、湖南、四川、新疆、安徽8个省CDC脊灰实验室通过了WHO的实验室现场认证。结论中国2006年脊灰实验室网络运转良好,已建立的科学化、系统化、规范化的质量控制体系取得良好的实效和发挥了应有的作用。中国2006年继续保持无脊灰状态,脊灰实验室网络运转正常,监测系统敏感,为维持无脊灰提供了实验室依据。     

Multiple sclerosis and poliomyelitis. A Danish historical cohort study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether persons with a history of poliomyelitis are at an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients diagnosed with acute poliomyelitis in the greater capital area of Copenhagen, Denmark, between 1919 and 1954 were identified and followed with respect to MS. Information on vital status and diagnosis of sclerosis was obtained through linkage with the Danish Civil Registration System and The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, respectively. Follow-up started on the date of the establishment of the Danish Civil Registration System (April 1, 1968) until death, emigration or December 31, 1996, whichever came first. The observed incidence of MS among polio patients was compared with the expected incidence calculated according to national gender, age and period specific rates of MS. RESULTS: During 149,364 years of follow-up, 19 cases of multiple sclerosis were observed among 5652 polio patients compared with 11.0 expected (SIR = 1.73 (1.04-2.74)). The increased risk of MS was most pronounced in polio patients hospitalized during adolescence. Neither gender nor the acute severity of poliomyelitis modified the risk of MS. CONCLUSION: Our results are based on small numbers of events, however the findings suggest that the polio patients might be at an increased risk of MS.     

Prognosis and pathological characteristics of five children with non-Shiga toxin-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome

BACKGROUND: The three major signs of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are hemolytic anemia, thrombopenia and acute renal failure. HUS is classified into Shiga toxin-mediated HUS (Stx-HUS) and non-Shiga toxin-mediated HUS (nStx-HUS). The prognosis of nStx-HUS is reported to be less favorable than that of Stx-HUS. Although the association between the prognosis and pathological characteristics of HUS have been reported such that the prognosis was considered to be poor for thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) with predominant arterial involvement (arterial TMA), good for TMA with predominant glomerular involvement (glomerular TMA) and dependent on the extent of necrosis in cases of renal cortical necrosis, it is not yet clear whether pathological findings are also related to the renal prognosis of nStx-HUS cases. Therefore the purpose of the present paper was to analyze renal biopsy findings and prognosis for five children with nStx-HUS. METHODS: Clinical records of five cases of nStx-HUS among 74 cases of diagnosed HUS were reviewed, and information and data were summarized. RESULTS: Histological examination of the kidney led to the diagnosis of arterial TMA in three cases, and glomerular TMA and severe renal cortical necrosis in one case each. Analysis of the relationship between renal histological findings and the prognosis found that three patients with arterial TMA and one patient with severe renal cortical necrosis later developed end-stage renal failure while one patient with glomerular TMA has continued to show normal renal function. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that pathological findings are closely related to the prognosis in cases of nStx-HUS.