高张氯化钠右旋糖酐液在犬烧伤休克延迟复苏中的作用

目的从血流动力学、心肌力学及代谢等方面探讨高张氯化钠右旋糖酐液(7.5%氯化钠 6%右旋糖酐70,HSD)在烧伤休克延迟复苏中的作用。方法采用犬35%TBSAⅢ度烧伤模型,伤后6 h 分别用乳酸林格液及 HSD 进行复苏,并以每 h 尿量为1.0ml/kg 及心输出量为伤前值的70%～80%来调整输液速度及输液量,观察 HSD 在复苏中容量负荷、左心室等容收缩期最大压力变化速率及左心室舒张期压力下降最大变化速率(±dp/dt_(max))、心脏指数(CI)、氧供给(DO_2)及氧消耗(VO_2)等的变化。结果 HSD 在烧伤休克延迟复苏伤后第一个24 h 输液量比乳酸林格液复苏少30.56%,其中复苏后4 h 的输液量比乳酸林格液少59.50%,在复苏后0.5～2 h, dp/dt_(max)、CI、DO_2及 VO_2的增加幅度明显高于乳酸林格液复苏。结论 HSD 在烧伤休克延迟复苏中具有容量负荷小、改善心肌功能及促进组织代谢等作用。     

Different strategies of mixed chimerism induction may determine stem/progenitor cell populations in recipient mice

Mixed chimerism has been suggested to induce tolerance to transplanted alloantigens. As the precise influence of mixed chimerism induction on the host organism has still not been fully elucidated, the aim of the present study was to explore this phenomenon in relation to the stem cell compartment.The experiment was performed on B6.SJL-Ptprc^aPep3^b mice. Mixed chimerism induction protocols involved 3 Gy TBI (Day − 1 of the experiment), injection of 20-30 × 10⁶ Balb C bone marrow cells (Day 0), and administration of blocking antibodies against CD40L (Day 0 and Day 4), anti-CD8 (Day − 2) with/without anti-NK1.1 (Day − 3). Selected groups of mice were also treated with cyclophosphamid (175 mg/kg) on Day 2. The presence of mixed chimerism was assessed in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen, as well as in various subpopulations of leukocytes (CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD45/B220⁺, Gr-1⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁻/c-kit⁺). Furthermore, the percentage of stem/progenitor cells (lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁻/c-kit⁺, VSEL, HSC) was analysed for the first time in bone marrow and peripheral blood of chimeric mice.The range of mixed chimerism differed significantly among various cell populations: it was lowest in CD8-positive cells and lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻ cells, and highest in granulocytes. The induction of mixed chimerism revealed a significant impact on the stem/progenitor cell frequency in recipient mice, providing potential therapeutic insights into the long-term immunologic tolerance observed in chimeric mice. Collectively, these findings contribute to further optimization of mixed chimerism induction protocols and might help in the introduction of this phenomenon into clinical practice.     

高渗盐水和6%HES溶液对犬术后细胞因子的影响

目的 观察高渗盐水(7.5%NaCl溶液)、6%HES溶液(羟乙基淀粉溶液)对腹部手术后犬血清细胞因子分泌的影响.方法 18只麻醉犬全麻下行腹部手术后随机分成3组,输注不同液体并同时予以控制血压至基础值的60%(MAP65mmHg):4ml/kg 7.5%NaCl溶液(HS组);输注15ml/kg 6%HES溶液(HES组);C组(对照组)单纯降压组.在麻醉开始前(B),手术开始2小时(T1),液体输注完2小时(T2),术后第1天(T3),第2天(T4)抽取颈外静脉血3ml,检测血清中IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,TNF-α的浓度.结果 对照组:各前炎因子TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8随时间逐渐上升,至T3达到高峰,T4明显下降,但仍显著高于正常值(P＜0.05).HS组和HES组TNF-α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8在T3时均明显低于对照组,T4时由低到高依次为,HS组、HES组、对照组.HS组术后的IL-10水平升高,在T3达到最高值22.5 mmol/L,高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 HS溶液与6%HES溶液均可抑制腹部手术后犬致炎因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的升高.HS溶液还可使抗炎因子IL-10分泌增加,减轻术后的炎症反应.     

肝癌合并肝硬化病人肝切除术后液体治疗方案的探讨

目的探讨肝癌合并肝硬化病人肝切除术后的液体治疗的合理方案,降低围手术期容量风险。方法回顾性分析60例肝癌合并肝硬化病人肝切除术后液体治疗方案：根据治疗方法不同分为三组：A组（n=20）给予等渗晶体液;B组（n=20）等渗晶体液与羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）以2：1比例输注;C组（n=20）予7．5％氯化钠溶液、等渗晶体液与羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）输注。三组均间断给予利尿剂。C组术后1、4、7天肝功能指标,术后肠道排气时间,腹水消退时间均显著优于A、B组,而且达到治疗目标所需的输液量最少。结论羟乙基淀粉（130／0．4）溶液及小剂量高渗盐水的联合使用效果显著,是肝癌术后患者较合理的液体治疗方案。     

The use of Hypertonic Saline in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Cerebral Edema: A Review

Effective methods for treating cerebral edema have recently become a matter of both extensive research and significant debate within the neurosurgery and trauma surgery communities. The pathophysiologic progression and outcome of different forms of cerebral edema associated with traumatic brain injury have yet to be fully elucidated. There are heterogeneous factors influencing the onset and progress of post-traumatic cerebral edema, including the magnitude and type of head injury, age, co-morbid conditions of the patient, the critical window for therapeutic intervention and the presence of secondary insults including hypoxia, hypotension, hypo/hyperthermia, degree of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), and disruption of blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Although numerous studies have been designed to improve our understanding of the etiology of post-traumatic cerebral edema, therapeutic interventions have traditionally been focused on minimizing secondary insults especially raised ICP and improving cerebral perfusion pressure. More recently, fluid resuscitation strategies using hyperosmolar agents such as pentastarch and hypertonic saline (HS) have achieved some success. HS treatment is of particular interest due to its apparent advantageous action over other types of hyper-osmotic solutions in both clinical and laboratory studies. In this review, we provide a summary of recent literature concerning the pathogenesis and mechanisms involved in the various types of cerebral edema, and the possible mechanisms of action of HS for the treatment cerebral edema.     

The effects of hypertonic saline solution (7.5%) on coagulation and fibrinolysis: an in vitro assessment using thromboelastography

We studied the effects of hypertonic (7.5%) and normal saline on coagulation and fibrinolysis in an in vitro model using thromboelastography of human whole blood. Reaction times increased and alpha angles decreased with hypertonic saline replacement at 7.5% blood volume compared with similar dilution with normal saline. At 10% blood volume replacement with hypertonic saline, reaction and coagulation times were significantly increased and alpha angles were decreased. Clot lysis at 30 min was also significantly reduced. We conclude that 7.5% hypertonic saline solution has anticoagulant effects if it replaces 7.5% or more of blood volume.     

超声引导下犬肝注射醋酸高渗氯化钠混合液对射频消融毁损体积的影响

目的探讨超声引导下活体犬肝注射不同剂量的醋酸高渗氯化钠液(acetic acid hypertonic saline solution,AHS)后行射频消融(RFA),观察犬肝一次性毁损体积的变化。方法使用LDRF-120S多极RFA系统联合AHS对活体犬肝行RFA。健康成年杂种犬30只,随机分为5组(n=6)。A组:注射2ml AHS后立即行RFA;B组:注射2ml AHS后延时5min行RFA;C组:注射4ml AHS后立即行RFA;D组:注射4ml AHS后延时5min行RFA;E组:注射6ml AHS后立即行RFA。结果5组间平均起始阻抗差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);5组间平均消融时间差异有统计学意义(F=83.831,P<0.001),LSD-t检验分析各组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),在观察范围内E组平均消融时间最长;5组间平均毁损直径差异有统计学意义(F=53.488,P<0.001),在观察范围内E组平均毁损直径最大,LSD-t检验分析除D与E组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其余各组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);网状纤维染色显示凝固坏死区及其邻近的正常肝组织均可见血管内血栓形成;E组在AHS注射过程中出现不同程度的外溢;A、B、C及D组14d内无动物死亡,E组死亡4只。结论活体犬肝局部注射AHS4ml后延时5min行RFA即可达到较理想的毁损体积。     

短期应用高渗盐水对重症蛛网膜下腔出血患者颅内压、脑血流量的影响

目的 探讨23.4%高渗盐水(HTS)对重症蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者颅内压、脑灌注压、脑血流量(CBF)的影响.方法 16例重症SAH患者(GCS≤8分)在颅压升高时接受静脉输注23.4%HTS,监测用药前及用药后30、60、90、120、150、180 min的颅内压(ICP),平均动脉压(MAP),脑灌注压(CPP)及脑血流速度(FV).结果 用药后30 min可见ICP显著降低,同时MAP、CPP及FV显著升高(P<0.05),ICP显著降低可持续180 min,CPP和FV的改善持续约90 min(P<0.05).结论 HTS能显著降低重症SAH患者的ICP,改善脑组织灌注,可用来纠正脑缺血引起的病生理变化.     

冷盐水漱口对乳腺癌化疗所致口腔炎预防效果观察

目的 观察冷盐水含漱对乳腺癌患者化疗所致口腔炎的预防效果。方法 将157 例乳腺癌化疗患者随机分为甲、乙、丙3组,甲组53例化疗开始后用冷盐水含漱,乙组50例化疗开始后用新唑漱口液含漱,丙组54例不附加其它处理,治疗一周后观察3组患者的口腔炎发生率及口腔炎构成。结果 甲、乙、丙3组口腔炎发生率分别为5.66%,18.0%,25.93%;甲、乙两组比较?2=3.85,p<0.05;乙、丙两组比较?2=1.95,p>0.05;甲、丙两组比较?2=8.22,p<0.01。结论 冷盐水含漱能更有效地预防口腔炎的发生。