Superficial Peroneal Nerve to Deep Peroneal Nerve Transfer With Allograft Conduit for Neuroma in Continuity

The anterior approach to the ankle for surgery can result in injury to the superficial peroneal nerve, resulting in a painful neuroma and significant patient morbidity. A paucity of data is available evaluating the role of the superficial peroneal nerve to deep peroneal nerve transfer as a method of treatment of neuromas in continuity after ankle arthrodesis. We describe 11 patients who underwent nerve transfer with nerve allograft and conduit repair to treat recalcitrant painful neuromas after ankle arthrodesis. At a mean follow-up period of 31 months, the mean visual analog pain scale score had improved from 7.9 preoperatively to 2.45 postoperatively (p?<?.0001). These data suggest that nerve transfer with a nerve allograft can provide significant clinical improvement for painful neuromas of the peripheral nerves at the ankle.     

Os intermetatarseum – A case report

Accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones are skeletal variations, more commonly seen in the region of foot and ankle. Most such accessory and sesamoid bones remain asymptomatic. However overuse and trauma can make such feet symptomatic. Knowledge of such bony ossicles is essential in the management of patients presenting with foot pain.Dorsal foot pain can be caused by a symptomatic Os intermetatarseum – an accessory ossicle found between the bases of first and second metatarsals and the medial cuneiform. Its incidence has not been well established because of insufficient appropriate multi-centric anatomical, radiological and orthopaedic studies. A case of dorsal foot pain in a soccer player, caused by an Os intermetatarseum is reported here. A brief review of the literature is also presented.     

游离腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣的临床研究

目的 研究腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣的应用解剖及游离移植的临床效果.方法 15具新鲜成人尸体行动脉造影及螺旋CT扫描,数据以DICOM格式输入MIMICS图像工作站,进行三维可视化处理,观测腓浅动脉穿支血管的分布规律等.临床应用游离腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣修复手足创面12例,缺损面积为3.0 cm×4.5 cm～5.0 cm×11.0 cm.结果 腓浅动脉起始外径(1.2±0.3) mm,干长(5.6±1.8)cm.其穿支多出现于小腿前外侧上、中1/3区域,平均外径(0.7±0.2) mm,与中、下1/3处腓浅下外侧动脉及腓动脉终末穿支吻合构成1条几乎不减少口径的血管链,伴行静脉1条.12例穿支皮瓣全部成活,受区外形及功能恢复满意,供区外形功能无明显影响.结论 腓浅动脉穿支皮瓣血管蒂解剖恒定,手术操作简便,临床效果满意,是游离移植修复创面的又一选择.     

Similarities and dissimilarities of the blood supplies of the human sciatic,tibial, and common peroneal nerves

The aim was to investigate the arterial supply of the sciatic, tibial, and common peroneal nerves. Thirty‐six lower limbs of 18 human fetuses were studied. The fetuses had been fixed in buffered formalin and the blood vessels injected with barium sulfate. Fetal age ranged from 12 to 28 weeks of gestation. Microdissection of the fetal lower extremities was done under ×5 magnifying lenses. The sciatic nerves of 10 lower extremities were dissected and excised and radiographs taken. The extraneural arterial chain of the sciatic nerve was composed of 2–6 arterial branches of the inferior gluteal artery, the medial circumflex femoral artery, the perforating arteries, and the popliteal artery. The extraneural arterial chain of tibial nerve was composed of 2–5 arteries, which were branches of the popliteal, the peroneal, and the posterior tibial arteries. Radiographs showed the presence of complete intraneural arterial chains in the sciatic and tibial nerves, formed from anastomosing vessels. Dissection showed that, in 97.2% of the specimens, the common peroneal nerve was supplied only by one popliteal artery branch, the presence of which was confirmed radiologically. The sciatic and tibial nerves are supplied by numerous arterial branches of different origins, which provide for collateral circulation. In contrast, the common peroneal nerve is most frequently supplied only by one elongated longitudinal blood vessel, a branch of the popliteal artery. Such a vascular arrangement may make the common peroneal nerve less resistant to stretching and compression. Clin. Anat. 26:875–882, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

腓总神经损伤7例原因分析与神经电生理诊断

目的 探讨腓总神经损伤的特殊致伤原因和损伤神经电生理表现特点、诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析7例腓总神经损伤患者的临床及神经电生理检查资料.结果 长时间下蹲位导致的腓总神经损伤的患者,与健侧相比患侧腓深神经或腓浅神经电位波幅变化明显,波幅下降均在50%左右,最大降幅88%.EMG表现损伤神经所支配肌肉有自发电位、募集减弱等.结论 长时间下蹲致腓总神经损伤是较少见的损伤原因.神经电生理检测可以为腓总神经损伤提供较明确的定位诊断与鉴别诊断,有着较好的临床应用价值.     

腓浅动脉岛状筋膜蒂皮瓣在小腿皮肤缺损中的应用

目的探讨采用腓浅动脉岛状筋膜蒂皮瓣治疗小腿皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法对31例膝关节至足踝部皮肤缺损患者采用腓浅动脉岛状筋膜蒂皮瓣移位治疗。结果随访31例，时间3周-5年。27例皮瓣完全成活，4例皮瓣远端部分坏死。结论采用腓浅动脉岛状筋膜蒂皮瓣治疗小腿皮肤缺损，该皮瓣血供可靠，切取方便，不牺牲主干血管，基本可满足小腿前外侧创伤修复的需要。     

吻合血管腓骨修复股骨颈骨折与股骨头坏死的解剖学

目的：对吻合血管腓骨移植修复股骨颈骨折与股骨头缺血性坏死进行解剖学再探讨。方法：成人下肢标本,观测供区、受区血管的解剖学。结果：(1)观测了腓动脉及其伴行静脉起点的位置和外径及腓骨滋养动脉的分布。(2)观测了旋股外侧动脉及其升支的起点位置、干长和外径及其伴行静脉的外径。结论：旋股外侧血管升支为术式首选的受区血管,将腓动脉与旋股外侧血管的升支吻合,有利于重建股骨头颈的血供。     

Lateromedial and dorsoplantar borders among supplying areas of the nerves innervating the intrinsic muscles of the foot

The branching patterns of nerves supplying the intrinsic muscles of the foot were analyzed as a basis to confirm the muscle layer structure. Thirty‐eight feet of 20 Japanese cadavers were examined in detail in this study. The first dorsal interosseus was innervated by a branch from the deep peroneal nerve as well as a branch of the lateral plantar nerve in 92.1%, the second dorsal interosseus in 10.5% and the third dorsal interosseus in 2.6%. In three specimens, branches from the deep peroneal nerve innervated the oblique head of the adductor hallucis or the lateral head the flexor hallucis brevis. In addition, branches from the medial and lateral plantar nerves and the deep peroneal nerve formed communication loops in three specimens. The first dorsal interosseus, the oblique head of the adductor hallucis and the lateral head of the flexor hallucis and their innervating nerve branches are closely related within the first intermetatarsal space. Since the tibial part of the first interosseus muscle primordium is occupied in the space during development, the variations of innervation patterns and formation of the communicating nerve loops may be explained by various combinations of the part and the other muscle primordia. Anat Rec 255:465–470, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣修复足踝部大面积软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法采用腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣治疗16例足踝部大面积软组织缺损患者,缺损范围17 cm×7 cm^20 cm×13 cm。切取皮瓣面积为18 cm×8 cm^21 cm×14 cm。结果术后14例皮瓣完全成活;2例皮瓣远端边缘坏死,经清创换药后愈合。患者均获得随访,时间3~12个月。皮瓣色泽、质地、血运良好,无破溃。结论腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣不破坏小腿主干血管,同时切取皮瓣面积更大,供血可靠,是修复足踝软组织缺损的较好方法。