A mechanism for gratitude development in a child

Most scholars consider gratitude as a moral emotion, with only few seeing it as a character trait. As a result, no systematic mechanism has ever been attempted to develop gratitude in children. Given the social issue of widespread lack of gratitude in the one-child generations of China, this article attempts to outline a mechanism of parental moral education for gratitude development. The mechanism is underpinned by love, induction and discipline; and theoretically justified in accordance with key psychological and sociological theories, such as Piaget's theory of moral development, Kohlberg's moral stages theory, attachment theory, Hoffman's internalisation theory, Rest's social justice theory and Baumrind's parenting styles theory. The benefits and potential risks of each strategy of the mechanism are addressed.     

小儿内伤头痛辨治

74例小儿慢性头痛经辨证治疗,显效80.95%,好转16.67%,无效2.38%。痰浊头痛二陈汤或半夏白术天麻汤加减;肾虚头痛,杞菊地黄汤加减;淤血头痛,补阳还五汤;气血虚头痛八珍汤加减。指出了小儿内伤头痛的病因病机,并指出脑电图,脑阻抗血流图、CT、甲皱微循环可做为此病的诊断及疗效指标。     

两种剂量的7-甲异炔诺酮对60例绝经后妇女症状控制的比较

目的:探讨两种剂量的7-甲异炔诺酮(OrgOD14,利维爱)对绝经症状控制的比较。方法:60例绝经后妇女随机分为两组:①A组30例,每日口服7-甲异炔诺酮2.5mg。②B组30例,隔日口服7-甲异炔诺酮2.5mg,共6个月。观察服药前后的Kupperman评分变化及血雌二醇、促卵泡激素水平的改变。结果:两组服药后绝经症状明显改善,Kupperman评分明显降低(P<0.01),雌二醇水平显著上升(P<0.01),促卵泡激素水平明显下降(P<0.05),而两组之间差异无显著性。结论:7-甲异炔诺酮可有效地控制绝经症状,每日口服2.5mg并不比隔日口服2.5mg有较好的控制效果(除控制失眠外),故推荐隔日口服2.5mg7-甲异炔诺酮。     

功能性消化不良的药物治疗

功能性消化不良是一种高发性疾病,常影响着人们的生活质量,被视为重要的消化道疾病.虽然已有达成共识的罗马标准,功能性消化不良呈现出多种多样的症状.本文尝试为临床提供治疗的选择,包括幽门螺杆菌的清除、抑酸治疗、促胃肠动力药、抗抑郁药等.总的来说,根据主要症状来选择治疗方法是可行和有效的.     

Skin test results and self-reported symptom severity in allergic rhinitis: the role of psychological factors

BACKGROUND: In allergic conditions, the degree of skin test reactivity does not always correlate with the severity of clinical symptoms. Additional factors may contribute to the reported symptom severity. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between the magnitude of the skin prick test (SPT) response and the reported symptom severity in patients with allergic rhinitis and the possible modifying role of psychological factors. METHODS: One hundred four patients with allergic rhinitis and 23 with non-allergic rhinitis, classified according to their SPT response to 19 aeroallergens, were asked to rate the severity of five symptoms and to indicate whether their symptoms intensified on exposure to five common aeroallergens. They also completed a psychological questionnaire. Results Reported symptom severity of allergic rhinitis did not correlate with weal size for any of the aeroallergens tested or with the number of positive responses on SPT. It was not related to patient age, sex, or education. The reported symptoms severity correlated positively (0.29, P < 0.01) with reported symptom intensification on exposure to allergens. Moreover, both outcomes were positively associated with the psychological factors of hypochondriasis (0.20, P < 0.05 and 0.18, P < 0.05, respectively), and somatic awareness (0.24, P < 0.05 and 0.33, P < 0.01, respectively), but not with neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of symptoms experienced by patients with allergic rhinitis is apparently not related to the magnitude of SPT response, but rather to psychological factors of hypochondriasis and somatic awareness. Physicians should be aware of the contribution of psychological factors to patient perceptions of the intensity of symptoms and of the intensification of symptoms on their exposure to allergens.     

Amisulpride in the short-term treatment of depressive and physical symptoms in cancer patients during chemotherapies

Introduction Amisulpride is a substituted benzamide that, at low doses, selectively blocks D2 and D3 presynaptic dopamine receptors, enhancing dopaminergic transmission in frontal cortex and limbic areas. Many clinical studies versus placebo, tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors showed amisulpride antidepressant effect, supporting its safety and rapid onset of action. In oncological population, depression is quite frequent and difficult to treat because of the particular sensitivity of cancer patients to the antidepressants’ side effects. Goals of work The aims of this study were to evaluate efficacy, safety and tolerability of low doses of amisulpride (50 mg) in oncological, depressed patients during chemotheraphy. Materials and methods One hundred six consecutive cancer outpatients with depressive symptoms were treated in a prospective, intention to treat, 4-week study, and were evaluated in single-blind with Montgomery Asberg rating scale for depression (MADRS), clinical global impression (CGI) and dosage record treatment emergent symptom scale (DOTES) to assess side effects of treatment. Main results After 4 weeks of treatment, scores of MADRS and CGI significantly improved (p < 0.002; p < 0.001, respectively), with a reduction of depressive symptoms concerning both emotional (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension, etc.) and physical cluster (such as lack of appetite, reduction in weight, tiredness and insomnia) with good tolerability (only two patients dropped out). Conclusions This study is the first trial on the use of amisulpride in a cohort of oncological, depressed patients during chemotherapy. Amisulpride demonstrated high efficacy and safety. Controlled studies are needed to confirm these preliminary data.