全膝关节置换术的康复治疗及护理

目的 探讨人工全膝关节置换术后的康复训练方法。方法 回顾分析2001年8月至2005年8月16例（17膝）人工全膝关节置换术后病人康复训练的过程及效果。结果 人工全膝关节置换术后经过系统康复训练，所有膝关节功能评分达到（70-86分）平均80分。结论 人工全膝关节置换手术效果与术后全面系统的康复训练密切相关。     

面向残疾人的汉语可视语音数据库

将人机交互领域中研究的唇读技术应用于康复工程之中,设计了一个基于视觉语言的语音合成系统。该系统特别针对后天致残,丧失语音能力的人设计,采用了一种特定条件下的汉语可视语音数据库。不同于现有的数据库,该数据库的设计具有以下特点：采用了非对称唇形轮廓模型,提取了嘴唇突出度的信息;针对汉语音节的特点,增强了汉字音节中信息变化过程;兼顾未来唇读技术的发展,以音节为基本元素,具有可扩充性。采用运动检测和数学形态学的办法提取唇动图像序列中的唇形区域,并从中提取非对称唇形轮廓模型特征参数,同时通过计算部分参数对时间的差分,来获得唇形轮廓的动态信息。基于隐马尔可夫模型的学习和识别实验表明,该数据库的设计方法合理,所选的唇动特征用能够将识别效果平均提高25%。     

Diversity of enteric viruses detected in patients with gastroenteritis in a tertiary referral paediatric hospital

The genetic diversity of enteric viruses co-circulating in a cohort of patients with viral gastroenteritis in a large tertiary paediatric hospital in London, UK, was determined. Multiple strains of noroviruses (NV), sapoviruses (SV) and astroviruses (HAsV) were detected in these patients, indicating the likelihood of multiple introductions from different sources, possible sub-clinical infections and simultaneous infection with different viruses in immunocompromised and other patients. Routine screening of immunocompromised patients and infection control procedures are important to prevent nosocomial infection.     

人行走时骨盆上下运动参数的模型分析

为了研究正常人行走过程中骨盆在垂直方向的运动特征,提出了一种以测量数据为基础建立骨盆运动参数数学模型的新思想。介绍了基于跑步机的骨盆运动轨迹测量系统,并对30名健康男性青年进行了获取骨盆运动参数的实验研究。实验结果得到了不同受试者分别以不同速度行走时的骨盆在垂直方向的多组运动轨迹,以及运动幅值、周期、初始相位等与行走速度和受试者身高的关系曲线。通过对曲线拟合,建立了各参数及骨盆运动轨迹的数学模型。通过对该模型进一步完善,可使其对康复评定、类人机器人等领域具有一定的应用价值。     

Pain, Anxiety, and Cooperativeness in Children with Cerebral Palsy After Rhizotomy: Changes Throughout Rehabilitation

Assessed pain, anxiety, physical functioning, and cooperativenessin 32 childrenn with spastic cerebral palsy. This is the firststudy to assess children throughout rehabilitation followingselective posterior rhizotomy. Results of the ObservationalScale of Behavioral Distress and observer Likert ratings confirmedthe hypothesis that children's pain and anxiety decrease overtime. Children's physical functioning and cooperativeness improveover time. No significant correlation was found between painand changes in physical functioning. Cognitive impairment, parentalinvolvement, and children's pain behaviors explained 77% and56% of the variance in two forms of cooperativeness. Researchand clinical implications are discussed, and special considerationsregarding pain assessment and management in this populationare addressed     

脑卒中后抑郁及其对神经功能康复的影响

目的:观察脑卒中后抑郁(Post-Stroke Depression,PSD)的发生率和相关因素;探讨选择性5-HT抑制剂对脑卒中后抑郁神经功能康复的影响.方法:选取急性脑脑卒中患者132例(脑梗死78例,脑出血54例),分别在病程2周、1,3,6,12月时给每一位入组患者行PSD诊断、神经功能缺损评分、日常生活能力评分(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)评分;同时完成Zung's抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS)和焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS).结果:①脑卒中患者中约44.70%出现抑郁症状;②脑卒中类型和性别与PSD发生率无相关性(P＞0.05);③PSD的发生率和严重程度与神经功能缺损和日常生活能力下降程度有关.④PSD与病变部位、病灶大小、病灶单侧性均无明显相关(P＞0.05);⑤氟西汀抗抑郁治疗能明显改善病程3、6个月时的神经功能缺损,病程12月时不仅抑郁症状减轻,日常生活能力改善,神经功能缺损减轻尤为显著.结论:脑卒中后抑郁是急性脑血管病患者常见的长期并发症,并可影响患者功能康复的速度和程度.抗抑郁剂治疗能在抑郁症状明显改善的同时,促进患者日常生活能力和神经功能的恢复.     

Eccentric visual acuity in patients with macular disease

A series of cards each containing a two dimensional array of identical Snellen "E's" was used to determine best eccentric visual acuity in patients with macular disease having Snellen visual acuity of 20/70 or worse. Each "full field E" card simultaneously presents the same letter to foveal and parafoveal areas. This test can therefore determine quickly if potentially useful vision is present in any area of the central visual field. In our study of 37 eyes, 70% demonstrated potential visual acuity at least two times better than visual acuity measured by conventional methods, and 20% demonstrated at least a fourfold improvement. This suggests that most patients with macular disease do not spontaneously employ their best remaining area of retina for fixation.     

中药蜡疗结合康复护理对气滞血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症患者腰椎功能的影响

目的 探讨中药蜡疗结合康复护理对气滞血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症患者腰椎功能的影响。方法 选择本院于2019年2月—2020年3月间收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者90例,按随机数字表法分为2组,各45例。对照组行常规康复护理联合单纯蜡泥外敷治疗,在此基础上,研究组行中药蜡疗干预。比较2组疼痛程度、腰椎功能、生活质量。结果 干预后,研究组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分(0.45±0.06)较对照组(0.85±0.10)低,腰椎日本骨科协会(JOA)评分(25.26±2.05)较对照组(20.68±3.09)高,差异有统计学意义(t=23.009、8.285,P<0.001);研究组躯体疼痛、生理职能、活力、总体健康、生理功能、社会功能评分(71.30±8.21、75.24±7.98、74.12±8.65、67.59±9.94、79.30±10.01、85.60±6.85)较对照组(62.20±7.28、57.54±6.20、58.89±7.02、49.01±8.04、72.23±8.32、79.15±5.85)高,差异有统计学意义(t=5.563、11.750、9.171、9.749、3.644、4.803,P<0.05)。结论 中药蜡疗结合康复护理可有效减轻气滞血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症患者疼痛程度,改善腰椎功能,提高生活质量。