Combining medically assisted treatment and Twelve-Step programming: a perspective and review

Background: People with severe substance use disorders require long-term rehabilitative care after the initial treatment. There is, however, a deficit in the availability of such care. This may be due both to inadequate medical coverage and insufficient use of community-based Twelve-Step programs in many treatment facilities. In order to address this deficit, rehabilitative care for severe substance use disorders could be promoted through collaboration between practitioners of medically assisted treatment, employing medications, and Twelve-Step-oriented practitioners. Objective: To describe the limitations and benefits in applying biomedical approaches and Twelve-Step resources in the rehabilitation of persons with severe substance use disorders; and to assess how the two approaches can be employed together to improve clinical outcome. Method: Empirical literature focusing on clinical and manpower issues is reviewed with regard (a) to limitations in available treatment options in ambulatory and residential addiction treatment facilities for persons with severe substance use disorders, (b) problems of long-term rehabilitation particular to opioid-dependent persons, associated with the limitations of pharmacologic approaches, (c) the relative effectiveness of biomedical and Twelve-Step approaches in the clinical context, and (d) the potential for enhanced use of these approaches, singly and in combination, to address perceived deficits. Results: The biomedical and Twelve-Step-oriented approaches are based on differing theoretical and empirically grounded models. Research-based opportunities are reviewed for improving addiction rehabilitation resources with enhanced collaboration between practitioners of these two potentially complementary practice models. This can involve medications for both acute and chronic treatment for substances for which such medications are available, and Twelve-Step-based support for abstinence and long-term rehabilitation. Clinical and Scientific Significance: Criteria for developing evidence-based approaches for combined treatment should be developed, and research for evidence-based treatment on this basis can be undertaken in order to develop improved clinical outcome.     

围产期盆底肌锻炼干预对不同分娩方式下盆底功能障碍性疾病的影响

目的观察产前、产后连续盆底肌锻炼干预对阴道分娩和剖宫产后盆底功能的影响及盆底功能障碍性疾病的预防效果。方法选择2014年12月至2015年12月在南昌大学第四附属医院妇产科产检、分娩的孕产妇150例,根据分娩方式分为阴道分娩组(A组)106例与剖宫产组(B组)44例;根据产前、产后是否进行盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor dysfunction,PFD)防治将A组分为干预组(Aa组66例)与未干预组(Ab组40例),B组亦分为干预组(Ba组19例)与未干预组(Bb组25例)。产后6周、12周对以上孕产妇进行问卷调查并检测盆底肌力、阴道静息压、阴道收缩压及阴道收缩持续时间,对结果进行比较和统计学分析。结果 (1)产后6周盆底功能检测:Aa组盆底Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力、阴道静息压、阴道收缩压、阴道收缩持续时间均显著高于Ab组(P0.05);Ba组Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力均显著高于Bb组(P0.05),但两亚组患者阴道静息压、阴道收缩压、阴道收缩持续时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)产后12周盆底功能检测:Aa组盆底Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力、阴道静息压、阴道收缩压、阴道收缩持续时间均显著高于Ab组(P0.05);Ba组Ⅰ类肌力、Ⅱ类肌力、阴道静息压、阴道收缩压、阴道收缩持续时间均显著高于Bb组(P0.05)。(3)产后12周Aa组阴道前壁脱垂、后壁脱垂、尿失禁发生率显著低于Ab组(P0.05);Ba组阴道前壁脱垂、尿失禁发生率显著低于Bb组(P0.05)。结论围产期盆底肌锻炼联合生物反馈电刺激可不同程度地改善顺产和剖宫产后盆底肌功能,有助于预防产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生。     

康复新液在治疗前列腺癌根治术后淋巴漏的护理应用

目的探讨康复新液在治疗前列腺癌根治术后淋巴漏患者的护理方法。方法对2例前列腺癌根治术后淋巴漏的患者使用康复新液进行引流管内注射,保留30min后排出。注射后密切观察患者生命体征,保持引流通畅,预防感染;给予营养支持治疗;与患者及家属充分沟通,做好心理护理。同时,指导患者做好盆底肌功能锻炼,预防术后尿失禁的发生。结果 2例患者于注射康复新液后第4~5天引流量明显减少,于术后15d拔出引流管,疾病康复后顺利出院。结论通过对淋巴漏的患者全面的评估并与患者及家属充分沟通,在使用康复新液后密切观察病情做好术后护理,并在加强营养、预防感染的同时,进行有效的功能锻炼,可促进淋巴漏患者更快康复,提高其手术后的生活质量。     

基于ICF-CY脑性瘫痪“3+1”全人康复模式临床应用

目的:探讨ICF-CY框架下脑瘫“3+1”全人康复模式临床应用效果。方法:选取2020年3月至2021年1月治疗的44例脑瘫患儿,按就诊先后顺序分为对照组和观察组各22例。对照组给予常规康复康复干预方法,观察组依据ICF-CY评定结果,从身体功能、活动和参与、环境因素三方面制定个体化的“3+1”全人康复治疗。两组均连续干预10周,应用脑瘫ICF-CY核心分类组合简明通用版评价康复效果。结果:治疗后对照组和观察组身体功能ICF限定值与治疗前比较均有降低(P<0.05),观察组活动和参与ICF限定值与治疗前比较亦有降低(P<0.05);两项ICF限定值观察组均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组和对照组阻碍因素与活动和参与ICF限定值呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:ICF-CY架构下的脑瘫“3+1”全人康复模式能显著改善患儿的身体功能、活动和参与能力,环境因素是影响康复疗效的主要因素之一。     

Fixed dilated pupils and tacrolimus toxicity in paediatric liver transplant patients

Westrope C, Rowlands H, Morris K, Gupte GL. Fixed dilated pupils and tacrolimus toxicity in paediatric liver transplant patients.
Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E96–E99. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: We report a case series of four children who developed fixed dilated pupils associated with high tacrolimus levels (>30 nanograms/millilitre [ng/mL]) in the immediate post‐operative period following isolated liver or liver and small bowel transplantation.     

Early Rehabilitation of Facial Nerve Deficit after Acoustic Neuroma Surgery

Objective—To determine whether an early physical rehabilitative program could improve and/or accelerate recovery from a postoperative deficit of facial nerve (FN) function.Material and Methods—A retrospective study of the charts of patients who presented a postoperative FN deficit after surgery for acoustic neuroma (AN) was carried out. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 18 who underwent early physical rehabilitation and 11 who did not undergo rehabilitation. All the AN patients underwent translabyrinthine removal and were classified preoperatively according to the House–Brackmann staging system. Physical rehabilitation was performed according to Kabat (i.e. neuromuscular facilitation). FN function was assessed postoperatively and classified according to the House–Brackmann grading system.Results—In Grade IV and V patients, early rehabilitation allowed a faster and better recovery with respect to AN patients for whom rehabilitation was not carried out.Conclusion—Early physical rehabilitation has proved to be effective as a helpful tool for recovery from FN deficit and it is therefore advisable to use it soon after surgery, especially for FN deficits worse than Grade IV.