Rehabilitation in Charles Bonnet syndrome: a review of treatment options

People with vision loss sometimes experience visual hallucinations associated with Charles Bonnet syndrome. The appearance of these hallucinations often causes anxiety for the sufferer and can be difficult for the attending eye care professional to manage. A review of the literature highlighted a range of visual, pharmacological and social management regimes that may alleviate these hallucinations, albeit using small samples in uncontrolled trials. Eye care practitioners should be aware of methods of rehabilitation in Charles Bonnet syndrome that may lead to resolution of the visual hallucinations.     

不同镇痛方式对高龄肺癌手术后恢复的综合分析

【目的】观察3种不同的镇痛方式对高龄肺癌患者行肺叶切除术后康复的影响、镇痛效果及患者对术后镇痛方式的满意程度，以探讨最佳的镇痛方式。【方法】选择60例老年肺癌患者行肺叶切除术（年龄〉60岁），随机分成3组：肌肉注射吗啡镇痛组，静脉自控镇痛组，硬膜外自控镇痛组。连续3d观察患者的镇痛效果、满意程度、术后康复及术后并发症发生率的影响；检测术后3d患者的肺活量动脉血气，连续监测患者的脉搏氧饱和度。【结果】硬膜外自控镇痛组镇痛效果、满意程度明显优于另外两组，低氧血症的发生率及程度明显低于另外两组。硬膜外自控镇痛组的患者术后床上活动的时间明显早于另外两组。并能主动配合医护人员进行肺功能的康复治疗。【结论】老年肺癌患者行肺叶切除术采用硬膜外自控镇痛具有镇痛效果良好，能主动配合医护工作者进行早期肺功能的康复治疗的优越性。     

针刺配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效观察

目的观察对比脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效；方法针刺配合康复训练；结果治疗组与对照组相比有非常显著的差异；结论针灸配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后的吞咽障碍有显著疗效。     

对男性海洛因依赖者康复训练效果的随访

目的:探索社区康复训练与劳动教养相结合的康复模式对男性海洛因依赖者的治疗效果。方法:以湖南省新开铺劳教大队的50名劳教吸毒人员为对照,对戒毒中心的50名劳教吸毒人员进行为期至少4个月的康复训练。康复训练以海洛因依赖者的需求、所处的康复阶段及接受能力为中心,包括强化戒毒治疗动机、减少吸毒造成的危害、复吸预防等各种技能训练。用成瘾严重度指数和应付方式问卷评估康复训练的疗效,并随访两组在解教后1 a的康复情况。结果:康复训练后海洛因依赖者幻想、退避、自责等不成熟型应付方式分值下降(P<0.01),求助的分值增加(P<0.01)。解教后1 a康复组与劳动教养组的戒断率差异无显著性,但康复训练组在海洛因滥用严重程度、违法犯罪行为和精神健康方面损害显著低于劳动教养组(P<0.05)。结论:劳动教养和社区康复训练都是对吸毒者有效的康复措施,康复训练的作用更大。     

视神经损伤后视觉功能重塑的研究进展

青光眼或其他原因导致的视神经损伤,以及颅脑损伤导致的视觉损伤通常被认为是不可逆的。然而,近年来的研究发现,神经系统具有明显的神经可塑性(neuroplasticity)。人们尝试对神经的可塑性作用机制进行阐明,并通过视觉经验、电流刺激、代偿性眼球运动训练及压力疏导等方法来激活或活化“休眠”细胞及视觉传递,并构建自组织映射模型对视觉重塑效果进行预估。     

Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is extremely common in older adults and the potential benefits of secondary prevention are perhaps greater in this population than in younger patients. While there is good evidence that secondary prevention efforts are justified in patients up to 80 years of age, limited data are available on secondary prevention in octogenarians and there is no evidence to guide treatment in patients ≥ 90 years of age. Further, the value of secondary prevention may be confounded by prevalent comorbidities, polypharmacy, and limited life expectancy. It is therefore essential that all management decisions be made in relation to individual preferences and goals of care, with understanding by patients that benefits as well as risks may increase with age. Furthermore, research is needed to refine markers to better delineate which older adults are most likely to benefit from preventive therapies.     

Patients’ experience of partial tooth loss and expectations to treatment: a qualitative study in Danish and Swedish patients

Knowledge of impairments, wishes and expectations is essential to make correct decisions regarding oral rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate discomforts, wishes and expectations in patients’ with partial edentulism before entering oral rehabilitation. In Copenhagen, Denmark, and Malmö, Sweden, respectively, 20 patients with partial edentulism seeking rehabilitation were interviewed in a semistructured qualitative manner. The interviews were transcribed and analysed yielding overall domains. Six themes appeared as overall domains: (i) experienced impairments, (ii) experienced social awareness, (iii) expectation to treatment, (iv) expectation to durability/survival, (v) coping strategies dealing with the tooth loss including explanations of the tooth loss and (vi) modifications to experienced impairment. The impairments were mostly experienced as problems in social settings. Most participants expressed a simple wish to function normally; a fixed solution was preferred. Many Danish participants accepted a removable solution whereas only few Swedish participants did so. The domains ‘coping strategies’ and ‘modifications’ were not part of the chosen topics of interest, indicating a high wish of the participants to explain their tooth loss and how they coped with it. In conclusion, a large degree of social impairment was found in the patient group along with several coping strategies. The impairments were modified by a number of factors indicating that highly individualised care and treatment is needed. A state of normality was described as the primary treatment wish with a higher acceptance of removable solutions in Denmark than in Sweden. For final decision‐making, surrounding factors seemed to influence the patients’ choices.