GAD-Ab、ICA和IAA联合检测对成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病的诊断价值（附138例分析）

目的 评价血清谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GAD—Ab)、胰岛细胞抗体(ICA)和胰岛素自身抗体(IAA)联合测定对成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)的诊断价值。方法 利用ELISA法测定138例临床诊断为2型糖尿病患者及46例健康者的血清GAD—Ab、ICA和IAA，并比较抗体阳性和阴性患者的临床特征。结果 临床诊断为2型糖尿病患者GAD-Ab和ICA的阳性率分别为20．3％和11．6％，与对照组比较差异有显著性(X^2=8．528，P=0．003；X^2=5．841，P=0．016)；IAA的阳性率8．0％。与对照组比较无显著性差异(X^2=1．902，P=0．168)。抗体阳性患者血清C肽水平较低。结论 胰岛自身抗体联合检测可提高LADA患者的检出率；LADA患者胰岛储备功能较差。     

缝匠肌骨瓣移植空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的：通过采用缝匠骼骨瓣移植、空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,获得更好的疗效。方法：自１９９２年１月～１９９９年１２月,采用缝匠肌骨瓣移植桥接与空心拉力钉固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,随访时间１～５年,平均４年。结果：７３例新鲜骨折中１例骨折不愈合,股骨头坏死,１例骨折愈合股骨头坏死;２７例移位型陈旧骨折中３例骨折不愈合,股骨头坏死,２例骨折愈合后股骨头坏死。骨折愈合率９６％,股骨头坏死率７％。结论：缝匠肌骨瓣移植可改善股骨头血供并使植骨以“活骨骨折愈合”的方式完成,陈旧性骨折股骨颈吸收的可重建股骨颈,井有一定的强度支撑防止股骨头坏死应力塌陷,与空心拉力钉有协同支撑固定作用。三根空心拉力钉固定创伤小而连接控制面积大是理想的内固定物。     

成人生长激素缺乏症诊治进展（综述）

介绍成人生长激素缺乏症诊断与治疗方面的一些进展,强调动态试验对于诊断的作用及注意事项,与替代治疗相关的问题涉及剂量、疗程、对代谢的影响及治疗的安全性等.     

中国成年居民营养补充剂的消费现状

目的:分析我国成年居民使用营养补充剂的现状,为有针对性地制定干预策略和相关政策提供基础资料。方法:使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对53159名18岁及以上居民的营养补充剂使用率及其中钙制品、铁剂、维生素和其他保健食品的使用率进行分析。结果:我国18岁及以上居民营养补充剂的使用率为5.1%,其中钙制品、铁剂、维生素和其他保健食品的使用率分别为3.4%、1.3%、2.4%和2.2%。营养补充剂的使用率表现为城市高于农村,女性高于男性,60岁及以上年龄组、45-59岁年龄组、18-44岁年龄组使用率依次降低。结论:我国成年居民中使用营养补充剂尚不普遍。     

Blurring the distinctions between on and off the job injuries: similarities and differences in circumstances.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the causes of non-fatal work and non-work injuries and the places or environments where they occur. It has been suggested that many injuries may have similar etiologies on and off the job and thus involve some common prevention strategies. However lack of comparable data on work relatedness has prevented testing this proposition. METHODS: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) now collects information on the cause, location, and work relatedness of all medically attended injuries. National US estimates of non-fatal work and non-work injuries were compared by cause and place/location for working age adults (18-64 years). RESULTS: Overall 28.6% of injuries to working age adults were work related (37.5% among employed people). The causes and locations of many work and non-work injuries were similar. Falls, overexertion, and struck/caught by were leading causes for work and non-work injuries. Motor vehicle injuries were less likely to be work related (3.4% at work v 19.5% non-work) and overexertion injuries more likely to be work related (27.1% v 13.8%). Assaults were less than 1% of work injuries and 1.8% of non-work injuries. Both work and non-work injuries occurred in every location examined-including the home where 3.5% of injuries were work related. CONCLUSIONS: Work and non-work injuries share many similarities suggesting opportunities to broaden injury prevention programs commonly restricted to one setting or the other. Comprehensive efforts to prevent both non-work and work injuries may result in considerable cost savings not only to society but also directly to employers, who incur much of the associated costs.     

Ethical Issues in Practice With Older Women Who Misuse Substances

Older women who misuse substances represent a growing population within the United States. Yet, helping professionals lack guidance in addressing ethical issues that arise in working with these older women. The purpose of this article is to (a) examine what we know about older women who misuse substances, (b) address professional ethical dilemmas and other ethical issues that emerge in treating and delivering services to older women, (c) identify barriers for treatment, and (d) propose practice recommendations. Specifically, the authors examine the overarching professional ethical dilemma or tension between client autonomy and professional beneficence that emerges in treating and delivering services to older women. Implications are delineated for professional education, gender-and age-sensitive substance misuse services, and research and policy efforts.     

Role of neural precursor cells in promoting repair following stroke

Stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of stroke have received considerable attention. Two broad approaches to stem cell-based therapies have been taken: the transplantation of exogenous stem cells, and the activation of endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells (together termed neural precursors). Studies examining the transplantation of exogenous cells have demonstrated that neural stem and progenitor cells lead to the most clinically promising results. Endogenous activation of neural precursors has also been explored based on the fact that resident precursor cells have the inherent capacity to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into mature neurons in the uninjured adult brain. Studies have revealed that these neural precursor cell behaviours can be activated following stroke, whereby neural precursors will expand in number, migrate to the infarct site and differentiate into neurons. However, this innate response is insufficient to lead to functional recovery, making it necessary to enhance the activation of endogenous precursors to promote tissue repair and functional recovery. Herein we will discuss the current state of the stem cell-based approaches with a focus on endogenous repair to treat the stroke injured brain.     

Association Between Dietary Quality and Mortality in Older Adults: A Review of the Epidemiological Evidence

The population is aging worldwide. Delayed mortality is associated with an increased burden of chronic health conditions, many of which have a dietary component. A literature search was conducted to retrieve and review relevant articles considering quality of diets in association with mortality in older adults aged 60 years and older. In the studies we reviewed, diet quality defined using either a priori methods, which characterize dietary patterns based on existing dietary guidelines, or a posteriori methods, which define dietary patterns through statistical methods met review criteria. Sixteen articles met criteria for review. Generally, dietary patterns that demonstrated greater adherence to diets that emphasized whole fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, lean meats, and legumes and nuts were inversely associated with mortality. However, a priori methods have not yet demonstrated associations between diet and mortality in older adults in the United States. Development of new methods based on regional variations in dietary intake may offer the best approach to assess associations with mortality.