Tissue osmolality in intestinal villi of four mammals in vivo and in vitro

Using a freezing point depression method osmolality in the intestinal tissue of four mammals (gerbils, guinea-pigs, rabbits and rats) was estimated in vivo, during fluid transport from an isotonic electrolyte-glucose solution. Net fluid transport was also measured. In gerbils, guinea-pigs and rabbits tissue osmolality was also estimated during in vitro conditions. A marked hyperosmolality was observed in vivo in the upper parts of the villi of all four mammals studied. The tissue osmolality was significantly higher than that seen in the same species during in vitro conditions. A villus hyperosmolality was observed also in species which exhibited a net fluid secretion (guinea-pig, rabbit ileum), indicating that the fluid secretion emanated from the intestinal crypts. Based on the results of the present experiments and on observations made in earlier experiments performed on the cat, it is proposed that the villus hyperosmolality is created by a countercurrent multiplier present in the intestinal villus. The hyperosmolar compartment in the villus tissue creates the force that drives fluid from lumen to tissue.     

复方肠泰体外抗大肠癌活性的有效部位筛选

目的:在复方肠泰不同极性提取部位中筛选出体外抗大肠癌有效部位。方法:取对数生长期结肠癌细胞SW480进行体外培养,加入复方肠泰浓缩液及其不同极性部位加以干预,以氟尿嘧啶作为阳性对照,采用MTT法检测对癌细胞的抑制率。结果:复方肠泰浓缩液能显著抑制结肠癌细胞SW480的增殖,且其抑制率呈现一定的量-效关系。复方肠泰石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取部位抗肿瘤活性存在差异,其中正丁醇部位对结肠癌细胞的抑制率较高,其低、中、高剂量的抑制率分别为34.40%、52.50%、93.83%。结论:在体外试验中,复方肠泰抗大肠癌作用的主要有效部位为正丁醇部位。     

鹿茸多肽对实验性骨折的治疗作用及机理研究

目的：探讨鹿茸多肽（ Ｐ Ａ Ｐ）治疗骨折的作用机理。方法：离体观察鹿茸多肽对３ Ｈ Ｔｄ Ｒ 掺入家兔肋软骨、人胚关节软骨及鸡胚头盖骨成骨样细胞的影响;整体利用大鼠完全缺损性挠骨骨折模型,观察鹿茸多肽 １０ 和 ２０ ｍ ｇ·ｋｇ－ １剂量对骨痂的形成、骨折的愈合以及骨痂内羟脯氨酸和钙含量的影响。结果：离体试验表明,鹿茸多肽１０～５０ ｍ ｇ· Ｌ－ １对家兔和人胚软骨细胞以及鸡胚头盖骨成骨样细胞都有促进有丝分裂作用,提示鹿茸多肽的细胞增殖作用无种属特异性。整体鹿茸多肽能明显加速骨痂的形成及骨折的愈合,明显增加骨痂内羟脯氨酸和钙含量。结论：鹿茸多肽通过促进骨、软骨细胞增殖及促进骨痂内骨胶原的积累和钙盐沉积而加速骨折愈合。     

护肾固精方对大鼠系膜细胞增殖周期的影响

目的探讨中药复方护肾固精方对大鼠系膜细胞(MC)生物学行为的影响。方法采用体外培养大鼠MC和血清药理学方法,分为护肾固精方血清组、脂多糖(LPS)病理组及正常对照组,将不同浓度的作用物加入MC共同培养,培养后的MC制成单细胞悬液,经流式细胞仪检测后,计算出细胞周期中的G0/G1期、S期、G2/M期各时期的百分比及S期抑制百分比、细胞PI。结果不同浓度的作用物对MC增殖周期有不同影响。LPS血清能明显刺激MC增殖,表现为G0/G1期细胞百分比减以及S期细胞增加;细胞的S期抑制百分比明显下降,而细胞的PI则显著增高;中、高浓度的中药血清明显抑制MC增殖,表现为G0/G1期细胞百分比增加及S期细胞减以,细胞的S期抑制百分比明显增加,而细胞的PI则显著降低。并且使大量MC阻滞在G0/G1期,能诱导MC发生凋亡。结论护肾固精方治疗系膜增殖性肾炎等肾小球疾病的作用机理之一,可能与抑制MC增殖和促其细胞凋亡有关。     

Genotoxic evaluation of antiepileptic drugs by Drosophila somatic mutation and recombination test

The study examines the potential genotoxicity of three antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin sodium, pregabalin, gabapentin) using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Trans-heterozygous (two genetic markers mwh and flr) third-instar larvae of D. melanogaster were treated with different concentrations of the test compounds. A positive correlation was observed between total mutations and the number of wings with morphologically detectable mutations. The observed mutations were classified according to size and type of mutation per wing. Phenytoin clearly increased the frequency of total spots at all concentrations above 1.25 μg/ml. Gabapentin also increased the frequency of total spots at concentrations of 40 and 80 μg/ml. This study shows that phenytoin and gabapentin have genotoxic effects according to the SMART test; however, pregabalin displays lower genotoxicity in the SMAR assay when compared with the other two antiepileptics. The results also show that all AED concentrations lower the survival rate of the flies.     

透骨消痛颗粒含药血清对兔软骨细胞增殖影响的研究

目的：探讨透骨消痛颗粒含药血清对兔软骨细胞增殖的影响。方法：取4周龄新西兰兔膝关节关节软骨Ⅱ型胶原酶消化,建立软骨细胞体外培养体系,体外培养第3代软骨细胞随机分为5组,分别加入培养液、空白血清和中药血清低、中、高剂量继续培养24、48、72 h后,采用流式细胞仪检测软骨细胞周期的变化。结果：流式细胞仪细胞周期检测显示中药血清中、高剂量能够刺激软骨细胞由G0/G1期进入S期和G2/M期,并呈现时间的依赖性,干预48 h后G0/G1期细胞比例降低,S期与G2/M期细胞之和增加,与低量组、空白组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：透骨消痛颗粒含药血清能有效促进软骨细胞的增殖。     

Genotoxic evaluation of sodium fluoride in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART)

In this study, genotoxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers mwh and flr, were treated at different concentrations (2.5 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml) of the test compounds. After the treatment the observed mutations were classified according to size and type of mutation per wing. For the evaluation of genotoxic effects, the frequencies of spots per wing in the treated series were compared to the control group, which is distilled water. NaF has genotoxic and toxic effects for concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/ml. The present study shows that NaF may have genotoxic and toxic effects.     

昆藻调脂胶囊对实验性高脂血症性脂肪肝大鼠肝细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨昆藻调脂胶囊治疗高脂血症性脂肪肝的作用机制。方法:取59只大鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=10)、模型组(n=11)、阳性对照组(n=10)及昆藻调脂胶囊高、中、低剂量组(n=9、9、10),除正常对照组外,其余各组采用高脂饲料及30%乙醇方法复制脂肪肝模型,同时给予相应溶剂或药物,10wk后运用流式细胞术观察各组大鼠肝细胞DNA的S期细胞比例(SPF)及增殖指数(PI)。结果:与正常对照组比较,造模后大鼠PI、SPF值明显升高(P<0.05);昆藻调脂胶囊能降低造模后大鼠PI、SPF值(P<0.05),尤其对♀大鼠的作用更为显著(P<0.01)。结论:昆藻调脂胶囊通过抑制高血脂大鼠特别是♀大鼠肝细胞的增殖而发挥抗肝纤维化作用。     

乘子法测定复方替硝唑含漱液中二组分的含量

目的：用乘子法同时测定复方替硝唑含漱液中二组分的含量。方法：用乘子法的原理和计算步骤处理多波长吸收度数据。结果：模拟样品中醋酸氯已定、替硝唑的平均回收率分别为99．75％，100．17％，RSD分别为0．73％，0．42％（n=10），对3个批号实际样品的测定结果与标准方法吻合。结论：与标准方法相比．该方法具有简便、快速、易于实现自动分析的优点。     

莪术醇对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的研究莪术醇对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞生物学特性的影响。方法用MTT法测定莪术醇对SGC-7901细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测莪术醇对SGC7—901细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响。结果10、30、100μg／mL莪术醇均能够抑制胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖;莪术醇能使S和G2／M期肿瘤细胞比例减少,G0／G1期肿瘤细胞比例增加,其中100μg／mL浓度的莪术醇作用最强（F=88．14,P〈0．01）;莪术醇诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,其中100μg/mL浓度的莪术醇凋亡作用最强（F=34．14,P〈0．01）。结论莪术醇诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,