低剂量~(60)Coγ射线宫内一次照射对仔鼠生后生长发育及行为的影响

作者报道了成年Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ小鼠妊娠第１２．５天受到分别为０，０．１０６，０．１５Ｇ，０．３１２，０．５１８和０．６５８Ｇｙ６０Ｃｏγ射线一次性全身照射对其仔代生后生长发育及行为的影响．研究发现：０．５１８Ｇｙ即可使仔鼠宫内体重发育受阻，０．１０６～３．５１８Ｇｙ则可使仔鼠生后的３～２１天龄期间表现出体重增长增加；而生理标志、新生反射和感觉功能以及行为指标的检测，则提示生长发育受阻、行为兴奋性增加的致畸阈值在０．１５６～０．３１２Ｇｙ范围内．     

早期康复训练对脑卒中患者肢体运动功能的影响

探讨早期康复训练对脑卒中患者肢体运动功能的影响对２６例脑卒中患者进行早期康复训练，采用Ｆｕｇｌ－Ｍｅｙｅｒ运动功能评定，并与２８例对照组患者比较，结果表明，康复组肢体运动功能明善（Ｐ＜０．０１），但随着年龄增加，功能积分逐渐减少。说明早期康复治疗对脑卒中患者者肢体运动功能的恢复具有重要的作用。     

Determinants of mean motor unit size: Impact on estimates of motor unit number

The purpose of this study was to compare two fundamentally different methods of deriving the average surface-detected motor unit action potential (S-MUAP) size from which to calculate a motor unit number estimate (MUNE), namely: (1) the simple arithmetic average of S-MUAP parameter values; and (2) a computer-derived datapoint by datapoint average waveform which takes account of differences in S-MUAP shapes and durations. Multiple point stimulation was used to collect representative samples of between 11 and 20 S-MUAPs (mean 15 ± 2 SD) from the median-innervated thenar muscles of 20 healthy control subjects between 20 and 76 years of age (mean 48 ± 19 SD). The average S-MUAP size based on peak-to-peak amplitude, negative peak amplitude, and negative peak area measurements was calculated using the two different methods. The mean S-MUAP sizes based on the average waveform were significantly lower in all cases than those based on the simple average of S-MUAP parameter values. Differences tended to be greatest for MUNEs based on peak-to-peak amplitude (35%), less for negative peak amplitude (20%), and least for negative peak area (16%). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

低水平环境因子与适应性反应

简要叙述了低水平环境因子诱导适应性反应的研究现状。强调了极低剂量率电离辐射诱导适应性反应的可能及其剂量效应和时间效应关系的特点。分析了低水平电离辐射诱导适应性反应机理研究的最新进展。讨论了低水平环境因子诱导适应性反应科学资料的实际应用前景。提出了今后进一步研究的建议     

Determination of agreement between cardiopulmonary and standard ECG stress testing in coronary artery disease

The agreement between the results of standard ECG (CX) and cardiopulmonary(CPX) exercise stress tests performed in randomized sequencewas evaluated in 40 patients with known coronary artery diseasebut who were not taking cardioactive therapy. Systolic bloodpressure and heart rate were significantly higher during CPXonly at low workload (less than 100 W). Exercise time and rate-pressureproduct at both peak exercise and ischaemic threshold were notsignificantly different between the two tests, even though theirvariability exceeded the value of 20%, which is generally acceptedas the cut-off point for defining CX parameters as reproducible.However, the metabolic response to exercise, assessed by meansof blood lactate kinetics analysis, was highly reproduciblebetween the two tests. We conclude that the provocative role of exercise testing isnot altered by the gas exchange analysis technique used in CADpatients. However, the common indexes of myocardial as wellas of global physical performance may be influenced, thus requiringcaution in comparing data with those derived from CX or fromreference values.     

Determination of threshold UV-A elicitation dose in photopatch testing

Photopatch testing, although widely used in the diagnosis of photosensitivity disorders, is not Standardized. We performed this study to determine the threshold ultraviolet tight A (UV-A) dose required to elicit photopatch test responses. 4 patients with previously positive tests were reexposed to the offending allergen, using an incremental dosage regime. Isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (Eusolex 8020), mexenone (benzophenone-10) and oxybeozone (benzophenone-3) produced positive responses at 1.0, 1.0 and 0.7 J/cm², respectively. Responses to phenothiazines were deemed phototoxic. These results demonstrate that high doses of UV-A (e.g., 10–15 J/cm²) are unnecessary, and that 5 J/cm² should become the current Standard.     

Maturation-related changes in tolerance development to hexobarbital after short term treatment with diazepam in the rat

Male rats at six different ages received diazepam on a 4-day treatment schedule. Cross-tolerance to hexobarbital was tested several times during withdrawal period with an anaesthesia threshold technique. Pattern of cross-tolerance was different at different ages. Thus, age and maturation of the rat is a variable which must be considered in studies of tolerance to diazepam.     

Multifocal motor neuropathy: Clinical and electrophysiological findings

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) can be differentiated from motor neuron disease by electrophysiological evidence of conduction block. To increase the probability of recording conduction block, we studied the whole nerve length including proximal segments in 84 patients with pure motor syndromes, using a special stimulation technique. In 8 patients, the diagnosis of MMN was confirmed by electrophysiological evidence of conduction block or temporal dispersion. The typical clinical picture of MMN with chronic progressive, asymmetrical, marked distal weakness was observed in our patients. Electrophysiological routine tests of distal nerves were usually normal except in nerve segments with conduction block. In 4 patients, conduction block could be recorded only in proximal nerve segments or spinal roots. All patients showed rapid improvement of clinical features and parallel reduction of conduction block during or after highdose intravenous immunoglobulin (ivIG) therapy, supporting the diagnosis of an immune-mediated neuropathy. Three of them are now in remission without any therapy, whereas 5 still receive a regular ivIG course every 2-12 weeks as long-term treatment. In all patients with pure or predominantly motor syndromes and normal findings in electrophysiological routine tests of distal nerve segments, there should be proximal conduction block studies to avoid overlooking a treatable disorder such as MMN.     

Ultrastructural Changes in the Hydropic Cochlea of the Guinea-pig

Transmission electron microscopy of the cochlear organ of Corti in experimental endolymphatic hydrops revealed two principal features. Starting 1 month after induction of hydrops, osmiophilic inclusions thought to represent lipofuscin accumulation were frequently observed in the subcuticular cytoplasm of the outer hair cells along the length of the cochlea. Starting 3 months after induction of hydrops the efferent terminals on the outer hair cells appeared to be vacuolated. These data suggest that oxidative insult is likely to contribute to the pathology associated with endolymphatic hydrops and thus that free radical scavengers might be useful in the treatment of Menière's disease patients. In addition the early modification of the efferent innervation of the hydropic cochlea might underlie the known hypersensitivity to various insults, including noise stimulation, glycerol administration and hypoxia.