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61.
Max Deist Holger Repp Florian Dreyer 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1992,421(2-3):292-294
We studied the effect of the KATP channel blockers tolbutamide and glibenclamide on presynaptic membrane currents in the mouse M. triangularis sterni preparation using the perineural recording technique. Both sulfonylureas blocked part of the fast K+ component within 2 min after application. The block was much more pronounced under glucose-free conditions and was completelyreversible by washing. Addition of glucose to glucose-free bath solution also reduced the K+ component. A further effect of the sulfonylureas was observed under glucose-free conditions. With a delay of 5 to 10 min, the nodal Na+ component began to diminish and disappeared within 30 min. This was associated with a dramatic increase in spontaneous quantal transmitter release suggesting that the block of sulfonylurea-sensitive K+ channels causes depolarization of motor nerve terminals and fibres thus inactivating Na+ channels. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) which blocks ATP-dependent K+ channels in high concentrations caused, under glucose-free conditions, the same delayed effect as the sulfonylureas. This delayed effect was fully reversible by washing with glucose-containing, but not with glucose-free solution. Our findings strongly suggest that KATP channels exist in mammalian motor nerve endings and that under hypoglycemic conditions these channels open and become essential for the maintenance of the membrane potential. 相似文献
62.
S. T. Sakai 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1994,79(2):240-248
Summary The corticospinal projections from areas 4 and 6 were investigated in the raccoon using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing technique. Multiple injections of lectin bound HRP and HRP were made into either the cervical or lumbar cord in 7 anesthetized raccoons. Retrogradely labeled neurons were observed throughout a wide extent of areas 4 and 6a. The HRP positive cells were most numerous within the dorsal bank of the cruciate sulcus within area 4 and continued around the fundus to occupy the lateral two-thirds of the ventral bank of the cruciate sulcus within area 6a. No labeled cells were observed in the more medially located area 6a. Although the HRP positive cells observed following the lumbar cord injections were situated slightly more medial and caudal to those observed following the cervical cord injections, considerable overlap between the two projections was noted. The corticospinal projections arising from areas 4 and 6a in the raccoon largely correspond in location to the regions functionally defined as the primary motor cortex and the supplementary motor area, respectively. 相似文献
63.
重复电刺激前肢神经引起成年大鼠运动皮层的可塑性改变 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了了解成年大鼠运动皮层的功能可塑性,利用皮层内微刺激方法测定MI代表区并观察重复电刺激前肢神经对MI代表区的影响。实验组大鼠(9例)持续1.2-2小时的前肢神经电刺激导致前肢运动区与面部触须运动区边界向VI方向,移动263.3±90.9μm并同时伴有运动阈值的改变;FL内MT降低5.0±13.3μA,而在VI内MT升高9.6±11.6μA对照组大鼠间隔1.5-2小时的两次测定结果,FL-VI边界 相似文献
64.
Frequency-coded impulses are known to be converted into postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) at the synapse of a target neuron. This can be termed frequency-voltage (F-V) conversion. Studies on this problem in pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) showed that not only the amplitude but also the duration of depolarizing PSPs was determined as a function of the input impulse frequency. Two opposite patterns of F-V conversion were observed following activation of two input systems to PTNs. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were found to play an important role in the regulation of the duration of PSPs by curtailing excitatory post-synaptic potentials. 相似文献
65.
P. Praamstra D. F. Stegeman M. W. I. M. Horstink C. H. M. Brunia A. R. Cools 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1995,103(3):429-439
In two experiments movement-related cortical potentials preceding voluntary movement were recorded. In experiment 1, subjects performed four motor tasks involving joystick movements. The four tasks differed in complexity (single vs sequential movements) and in the mode of movement selection, i.e., whether a movement or movement sequence was made in fixed or in self-determined directions. The choice of these tasks was based, firstly, on previous electrophysiological studies suggesting an effect of task-complexity on the amplitude of the readiness potential (RP) and, secondly, on previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies showing that activity of the supplementary motor area (SMA) is influenced by the mode of movement selection. The results show that, for single movements, RP amplitude is higher preceding freely selected movements than preceding movements in a fixed direction. In experiment 2 this effect was replicated using button presses instead of joystick movements. The results converge with PET evidence obtained in similar tasks and establish that the RP is modulated by the mode of movement selection. This modulation is probably related to differential involvement of the SMA. 相似文献
66.
Grande G Cafarelli E 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2003,150(4):449-457
Vibration of the patellar tendon recruits motor units in the knee extensors via excitation of muscle spindles and subsequent
Ia afferent input to the α-motoneuron pool. Our first purpose was to determine if the recruitment threshold and firing rate
of the same motor unit differed when recruited involuntarily via reflex or voluntarily via descending spinal pathways. Although
Ia input is excitatory to the α-motoneuron pool, it has also been shown paradoxically to inhibit itself. Our second purpose
was to determine if vibration of the patellar tendon during a voluntary knee extension causes a change in the firing rate
of already recruited motor units. In the first protocol, 10 subjects voluntarily reproduced the same isometric force profile
of the knee extensors that was elicited by vibration of the patellar tendon. Single motor unit recordings from the vastus
lateralis (VL) were obtained with tungsten microelectrodes and unitary behaviour was examined during both reflex and voluntary
knee extensions. Recordings from 135 single motor units showed that both recruitment thresholds and firing rates were lower
during reflex contractions. In the second protocol, 7 subjects maintained a voluntary knee extension at 30 N for approximately
40–45 s. Three bursts of patellar tendon vibration were superimposed at regular intervals throughout the contraction and changes
in the firing rate of already recruited motor units were examined. A total of 35 motor units were recorded and each burst
of superimposed vibration caused a momentary reduction in the firing rates and recruitment of additional units. Our data provide
evidence that Ia input modulates the recruitment thresholds and firing rates of motor units providing more flexibility within
the neuromuscular system to grade force at low levels of force production.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
67.
Maja Di Rocco Rosanna Gatti Paolo Gandullia Arrigo Barabino Paolo Picco Carla Borrone 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》1993,47(7):1135-1140
We report on 2 unrelated patients with Costello syndrome. The first is a 5-year-old girl with “coarse” face, nasal papillomata, redundant skin of feet and hands, hyperextensible hand and finger joints, curly hair, feeding problems due to oral motor apraxia, growth and psychomotor retardation. The second is a 3-year-old boy with “coarse” face, loose skin on hands and feet, curly hair, oral motor apraxia, severe growth and psychomotor retardation. In both patients urine sialic acid levels were found to be repeatedly high. The meaning of this biochemical abnormality is discussed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
68.
G. ANDERSSON 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1995,153(4):381-392
In pentobarbitone-anaesthetized cats, responses were recorded as surface positive potentials in the motor cortex on forelimb and brachium conjunctivum stimulation. In such a preparation, the forelimb nerve responses are mediated via the spino-cervical tract and the dorsal column-lemniscal pathway. Lesions of the sensory cortex (sparing only the depth of the coronary sulcus) abolished or reduced short-latency peripheral responses, in the motor cortex, on both skin and muscle nerve stimulation to less than 10% of control, while brachium conjunctivum responses were unchanged. Lesions of the second somatosensory area alone reduced the motor cortex responses on peripheral nerve stimulation by 10–20%. When the sensory cortex were abolished before the spreading depression reached the recording point, as judged from the brachium conjunctivum response. The depth distribution of positive and negative field potentials, constituting the early componentsof a peripheral response in the motor cortex, closely resembled that of a cortico-cortical response evoked on stimulation in area 3. It differed from that of thalamo-cortical response evoked in brachium conjunctivum stimulation. These data suggest that most, if not all, sensory input through the dorsal column and spino-cervical tract to the motor cortex is mediatd via the sensory cortex. 相似文献
69.
The method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase was employed to examine the topographic organization of corticospinal and corticotrigeminal neurons in the rat. In both the first somatic sensory (SI) area and the motor (MI) area of the cortex these labeled corticofugal neurons, all of which are found in layer V, are grouped in a well organized, somatotopic pattern. Corticospinal projections which extend to lumbar levels of the spinal cord originate only from neuronal somata located in the hindlimb representation of SI and MI. Those neurons projecting to the cervical enlargement have somata mainly in the forelimb representation of SI and MI and the ventrolateral part of the trunk representation within SI. Cortical projections to the rostral cervical spinal segments appear to originate mainly from the neck and posterior head representations of SI and MI, though this conclusion is clearest for SI. Finally, neurons located exclusively within the head, muzzle, and vibrissal representation of SI project to the spinal trigeminal complex. Corticofugal neurons near the frontal pole and in an area of cortex ventrolateral to SI also project to the spinal cord. The areas involved are probably homologous to the supplementary motor (MII) and second somatic sensory (SII) areas respectively. The corticospinal and corticotrigeminal projections from these areas also appear to be organized in a somatotopic manner.It is concluded that in the rat, as in other species, the corticospinal and corticotrigeminal neurons in the sensorimotor cortex are arranged somatotopically. The somatotopic pattern found correlates remarkably well with that determined by single unit, evoked potential and cortical stimulation techniques. 相似文献
70.
儿童早期发展对个人成年时期,乃至老年阶段的全面发展和健康促进均具有重要意义,受到越来越多的社会关注。本文从早期教育中运动能力培养的角度,总结其对儿童早期体格生长、智力发展、神经心理发育的作用及对特殊儿童疾病干预的影响,为促进儿童健康成长寻找途径和方向。 相似文献