The Application of Creatine Supplementation in Medical Rehabilitation

Numerous health conditions affecting the musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems can result in physical dysfunction, impaired performance, muscle weakness, and disuse-induced atrophy. Due to its well-documented anabolic potential, creatine monohydrate has been investigated as a supplemental agent to mitigate the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of acute and chronic conditions. A review of the literature was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of creatine supplementation on rehabilitation from immobilization and injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiopulmonary disease, and other muscular disorders. Several of the findings are encouraging, showcasing creatine’s potential efficacy as a supplemental agent via preservation of muscle mass, strength, and physical function; however, the results are not consistent. For multiple diseases, only a few creatine studies with small sample sizes have been published, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Rationale for discordant findings is further complicated by differences in disease pathologies, intervention protocols, creatine dosing and duration, and patient population. While creatine supplementation demonstrates promise as a therapeutic aid, more research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge within medical rehabilitation.     

中药防治疲劳作用机制的研究进展

疲劳是亚健康的典型表现,会导致身体发生一系列的生理变化。长期疲劳如不及时缓解,可诱发心血管功能障碍、精神障碍等严重病理反应。中药为防治疲劳、减缓继发性疾病提供了可靠的临床实践,具有抗疲劳作用的天然药物种类丰富,为开发利用新型抗疲劳药物提供崭新领域。通过对疲劳的认识、中药与天然药物防治疲劳的复杂机制进行综述,为揭示中药干预疲劳提供理论依据,也为开发具有抗疲劳潜力的新产品提供指导。     

环丙沙星与氧氟沙星联用抗结核药物肝毒性比较

目的　研究环丙沙星或氧氟沙星联用抗结核药的肝毒性并探讨其机制。方法　分别测定异烟肼和利福平联合用药 (IR)组及其分别联用氧氟沙星 (IRO)或环丙沙星 (IRC)组小鼠的血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT)、肝指数、肝匀浆丙二醛 (MDA)含量、肝微粒体细胞色素P45 0和线粒体Ca2 ATP酶活性 ,及肝病理检查 ,结果与对照组以及实验组之间进行比较。结果　与正常对照组比较 ,IR组及IRO组的血清ALT、肝细胞匀浆MDA明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而IRC组变化不大 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;同时发现IR组和IRO组的肝微粒体细胞色素P45 0含量较高和线粒体Ca2 ATP酶活性较低 ,而IRC组则相反 ;病理检查IRO和IRC组肝细胞坏死程度稍轻但与IR组比较无明显差异。结论　氧氟沙星、环丙沙星不增加异烟肼和利福平联用肝毒性 ,且环丙沙星有一定的拮抗作用。     

Differential effects of zidovudine and zidovudine triphosphate on mitochondrial permeability transition and oxidative phosphorylation

1. The effects of zidovudine (ZDV) and zidovudine triphosphate (ZDV-3P) on Ca²⁺-induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), respiratory control ratio (RCR) and ATP synthesis have been investigated on isolated rat liver mitochondria.
2. ZDV slightly but significantly decreased RCR and ATP synthesis but was ineffective in inhibiting MPT. In contrast, ZDV-3P did not alter RCR and ATP synthesis but strongly inhibited MPT (IC₅₀=3.0±0.9 μM).
3. The effect of ZDV-3P on mitochondrial swelling required a preincubation time. When incubated 10 min with mitochondria, ZDV-3P (8 μM) totally inhibited the rate of swelling.
4. ADP, ATP and atractyloside, which are agents known to interact with the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide carrier (ANC), antagonized the effect of ZDV-3P on mitochondrial swelling. Indeed, the IC₅₀ value of ZDV-3P increased from 3.0 to 17.4, 93.6 and 66.5 μM, in the presence of 20 μM, ADP, ATP or atractyloside, respectively.
5. ZDV-3P did not displace [³H]-ATP from its mitochondrial binding site(s) whereas ADP and atractyloside did, suggesting that ZDV-3P and [³H]-ATP do not share the same binding sites.
6. ZDV-3P did not affect either mitochondrial respiration or ATP synthesis but inhibited Ca²⁺-dependent mitochondrial swelling. It was concluded that mitochondrial toxic effects observed during the chronic administration of ZDV cannot be related to its active metabolite (ZDV-3P).

     

慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹与线粒体DNA缺失的关系

目的：对２例慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹（ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ ｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌ ｏｐｈｔａｌｍｏｋｅｇｉａ,ＣＰＥＯ）患者的骨髂肌中的线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）进行缺失突变分析。方法：用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和放射自显影等方法。结果：在２例ＣＰＥＯ患者的骨骼肌标本中均存在线粒体ＤＮＡ的单一的大片段缺失突变;缺失的长度分别为４．５ｋｂ和５．５ｋｂ;突变型ｍｔＤＮＡ在总体ｍｔＤＮＡ中所占的比     

线粒体DNA大片段缺失与老年性聋的关系

目的 :探讨内耳组织线粒体DNA(mtDNA)大片段缺失与老年性聋发病的关系。方法 :取Wistar大鼠按年龄分为A组 (青年鼠 ,4月龄 )和B组 (老年鼠 ,>2 4月龄 ) ,每组 15只。测试听性脑干反应 (ABR) ,应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术对大鼠内耳膜迷路组织mtDNA 4 834bp缺失片段进行检测。结果 :A、B组大鼠ABR反应阈均值分别为 :(4 0 .0 0± 4 .6 6 )dBpeSPL、(6 4 .79± 10 .88)dBpeSPL ,二者之间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。大鼠内耳组织mtDNA检测发现 :A组大鼠未检测到 4 834bp缺失 ;B组大鼠有 9只存在 4 834bp缺失。 结论 :老年大鼠内耳膜迷路组织存在mtDNA片段缺失 ,这种缺失与老年性聋有关 ,可能是引起老年性聋的原因之一