中药微生物转化的现状及前景

中药是中华民族的瑰宝,经历了数千年的传承与发展,对人民的防病治病做出了不可磨灭的贡献,近年来各种疑难杂症频繁出现,中药的发展潜力更是受到了世界人民的关注和重视。伴随着中药现代化战略的实施,中药的发展也迎来了新的机遇与挑战。微生物转化是当前中药现代化研究的热点之一,就微生物转化的概念、特点以及微生物转化技术在中药中的应用现状进行概述,并对中药微生物转化的发展前景做展望。     

老年胆道外科疾病100例围手术期护理

目的:探讨老年胆道外科疾病患者的围手术期护理方法。方法:对100例老年胆道外科疾病患者术前做好全面检查,积极治疗伴随疾病,术后密切观察病情,做好管道护理,重视健康指导。结果:本组治愈97例,病情危重自动放弃治疗2例,死亡1例。结论:术前做好充分准备,积极治疗伴随疾病,术后密切观察病情,做好健康指导,是提高手术安全性和减少并发症的关键。     

微白蛋白尿与危重患者预后

微白蛋白尿被认为是反映全身毛细血管渗透性增加的一个重要指标.目前,已经发现许多常见的内科疾病如:糖尿病、肾脏疾病和心血管疾病,都会出现微白蛋白尿,且有文献报道微白蛋白尿与危重患者的预后相关.本文就微白蛋白尿与危重患者预后的关系、预测危重患者疾病严重程度的价值进行简要综述.     

养正胶囊制备工艺研究

目的研究养正胶囊适宜辅料及制备工艺。方法以颗粒的休止角、粒度、堆密度以及颗粒的吸湿性曲线和颗粒的CRH为考察指标,筛选出合适的辅料及最佳制备工艺。结果颗粒的CRH为62.5%,颗粒质量适合生产。结论该工艺切实可行,适于工业化大生产。     

参附注射液治疗内科疾病

参附注射液提取于人参黑附片,包含乌头生物碱、人参皂苷类成分,现代工艺精制而成。中草药成分复杂,药理疗效通过多靶点、多层面作用于人体组织器官。临床实践验证,参附注射液补气、温阳。虚证表现为细胞免疫功能下降,参附注射液能提高免疫功能,改善机体免疫力,内科疾病应用价值明显。     

济宁地区21-三体综合征患儿致家庭负担情况调查

目的 调查济宁地区21-三体综合征患儿致家庭经济负担及精神负担情况。方法 2013年1-8月对济宁市78例21-三体综合征患儿的170名陪护人（试验组）及同期济宁市年龄与患儿相仿的、近期无任何重大疾病的100例健康儿童的190名陪护人（对照组）进行问卷调查。采用生活满意度评定量表（LSR）及生活满意度指数A（LSIA）评定两组陪护人生活满意度,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）评定两组家庭负担情况。结果 试验组农村地区和城镇地区患儿治疗支出占家庭收入的68.56%、55.91%。试验组陪护人LSR、LSIA评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）|试验组农村地区陪护人LSIA评分低于城镇地区,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）|试验组陪护人SCL-90中躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑及精神病性5个因子评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）|试验组农村地区陪护人SCL-90中仅人际关系因子评分高于城镇地区,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 21-三体综合征患儿不仅会给家庭带来经济负担,更影响陪护人的生活质量及精神健康状况,应该引起足够的重视。     

Scrub typhus strikes back: Are we ready?

Scrub typhus has struck back, albeit with renewed vigour, impacting areas with previously known endemicity as also impressing newer expanses. It is not surprising, therefore, that Scrub typhus has emerged as a leading cause of public health concern globally as well as in India, but are we ready to take on the challenge?Over the last decade, there has been a global increase in the number of outbreaks of Scrub typhus, be it the military occupied areas or the civil population at large. The innumerable outbreaks of Scrub typhus, although disconcerting, have nonetheless contributed phenomenally towards better understanding of the dynamics of scrub typhus. There have been significant contributions to awareness of the disease amongst medical professionals, scrub typhus as a cause of Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness (AUFI) and newer clinical manifestation – Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), availability and advances in diagnostics and management, man-vector-pathogen interactions, new records of Leptotrombidium species, newer vectors and Orientia species.Antigenic diversity and the varied clinical presentation of scrub typhus, absence of scrub typhus surveillance system and a lack of political will to recognize the disease as one of the important reemerging public health problem are areas seeking concerted deliberations and actions so that the challenges posed by scrub typhus can be addressed.     

消化性溃疡患者患病行为调查分析

目的了解消化性溃疡患者患病行为状况,以指导临床护理工作。方法选择消化性溃疡患者79例为溃疡组,选择健康体检人员89例为对照组。两组均使用《患病行为问卷》进行测评和比较分析。结果溃疡组患者中疑病指数（WI）〉6分占23％,患者一般疑病（GH）,疾病信念（DC）、疑病指数（WI）和疾病确信（DA）因子得分高于对照组,心理取向（P／S）得分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。情感压抑（AI）、否认心因（D）因子在不同职业消化性溃疡患者中得分差异有统计学意义,分别以农民、家庭妇女为最高;D因子得分各年龄段之间差异有统计学意义,以30～50岁患者得分最高。结论消化性溃疡患者“病感”明显,故治疗开始应尽快控制症状以诱导患者自觉接受正规的治疗方案,同时应加强心理护理和有效的护理沟通,提高患者满意度。     

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients 50 Years of Age or Younger During the Delta Wave: Comparison With Patients > 50 Years in Korea

BackgroundNumerous patients around the globe are dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While age is a known risk factor, risk analysis in the young generation is lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and mortality risk factors in younger patients (≤ 50 years) with a critical case of COVID-19 in comparison with those among older patients (> 50 years) in Korea.MethodsWe analyzed the data of adult patients only in critical condition (requiring high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy or higher respiratory support) hospitalized with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 at 11 hospitals in Korea from July 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021 when the delta variant was a dominant strain. Patients’ electronic medical records were reviewed to identify clinical characteristics.ResultsDuring the study period, 448 patients were enrolled. One hundred and forty-two were aged 50 years or younger (the younger group), while 306 were above 50 years of age (the older group). The most common pre-existing conditions in the younger group were diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and 69.7% of the patients had a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m². Of 142 younger patients, 31 of 142 patients (21.8%, 19 women) did not have these pre-existing conditions. The overall case fatality rate among severity cases was 21.0%, and it differed according to age: 5.6% (n = 8/142) in the younger group, 28.1% in the older group, and 38% in the ≥ 65 years group. Age (odds ratio [OR], 7.902; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.754–18.181), mechanical ventilation therapy (OR, 17.233; 95% CI, 8.439–35.192), highest creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL (OR, 17.631; 95% CI, 8.321–37.357), and combined blood stream infection (OR, 7.092; 95% CI, 1.061–18.181) were identified as independent predictors of mortality in total patients. Similar patterns were observed in age-specific analyses, but most results were statistically insignificant in multivariate analysis due to the low number of deaths in the younger group. The full vaccination rate was very low among study population (13.6%), and only three patients were fully vaccinated, with none of the patients who died having been fully vaccinated in the younger group. Seven of eight patients who died had a pre-existing condition or were obese (BMI > 25 kg/m²), and the one remaining patient died from a secondary infection.ConclusionAbout 22% of the patients in the young critical group did not have an underlying disease or obesity, but the rate of obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m²) was high, with a fatality rate of 5.6%. The full vaccination rate was extremely low compared to the general population of the same age group, showing that non-vaccination has a grave impact on the progression of COVID-19 to a critical condition. The findings of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent critical progression of COVID-19, such as vaccinations and targeting young adults especially having risk factors.