Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in neoplasms of the human nervous system

A variety of neoplasms of the human nervous system were analyzed for the presence of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. DNA was extracted from frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis for exons 5–8 was followed by direct DNA sequencing. Mutations leading to an amino acid change were found in three of 11 (27%) low-grade (World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II) astrocytomas. They were located in codon 183 (TCA → TGA) of exon 5, codon 237 (ATG → ATA) of exon 7, and codon 273 (CGT → CAT) of exon 8. In one of these cases, the sequence indicated loss of the wild-type allele. Of 12 juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO Grade I), none contained a p53 mutation, suggesting a different molecular basis for this childhood neoplasm. Except for a mutation in one of seven (14%) meningeal hemangiopericytomas (codon 238; TGT → TTT, Cys → Phe), no mutations were observed in exons 5–8 of the p53 gene in any of the following tumors of the nervous system and its coverings: 13 schwannomas, 12 central neurocytomas, 22 meningiomas, 10 choroid plexus papillomas and carcinomas, and 30 neuroblastomas of the sympathetic nervous system. These and published data support the view that p53 mutations are frequently involved both in low-grade and progressive (anaplastic) astrocytomas, including glioblastomas multiforme. Oligodendrogliomas, medulloblastomas, meningiomas, and hemangiopericytomas rarely (<15%) show p53 mutations in exons 5–8, whereas none of the remaining nervous system neoplasms revealed evidence of an involvement of the p53 gene in their development.     

脑膜瘤的MRI表现与组织病理对照研究

目的　研究脑膜瘤的磁共振表现与其病理分类之间的关系。方法　回顾分析 12 8例经手术病理证实为脑膜瘤患者的MRI表现。结果　T1WI图像 ,上皮型脑膜瘤 2 9例 ( 4 9% )呈低信号 ,11例 ( 19% )呈稍低信号 ,17例 ( 2 9% )呈等信号。而纤维型脑膜瘤T1WI信号类型分别为 2 3例 ( 5 9% ) ,5例 ( 13 % )和 9例 ( 2 3 % )。在T2 WI图像上 ,3 4例 ( 5 8% )上皮型脑膜瘤呈高信号 ,15例 ( 2 5 % )呈稍高信号 ,10例 ( 17% )呈等信号 ,而纤维型分别为 2例 ( 5 % ) ,8例 ( 2 0 .5 % )和 11例 ( 2 8% )。上皮型、纤维型、移行型在T1WI上均呈现等、低信号 ,而在T2 WI图像上 ,上皮型、血管瘤型及移行型呈现为高信号或稍高信号 ;纤维型脑膜瘤T1WI以低或稍低信号为主。结论　在MRIT1WI图像上 ,各组织学类型之间信号强度的分布无显著性差别 ,而在T2 WI上 ,信号强度与病理类型具有统计学的相关性     

Posterior Fossa Meningiomas: Surgical Experience in 52 Cases

Summary  Background. Early reports of the surgical management of posterior cranial fossa meningiomas (PCFM) yielded poor results with high rates of mortality and morbidity. With the advent of modern neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques the results of surgery have improved markedly, but despite these advances removal of these lesions remains a challenge.  Methods. The results of the surgical treatment of PCF meningiomas were examined with the aim to identify particular features associated with increased mortality and morbidity.  Results. Of 713 patients with meningioma, 52 patients were identified with PCFM. Total macroscopic excision was achieved in 44 patients (84%). Postoperative complications occurred in 28 patients (54%) with permanent sequelae in 18 (35%). There were no mortalities in the immediate postoperative period. Follow-up ranged from 14 to 174 months (mean 42), tumour has recurred in 11 patients (21%) with a long-term mortality of 11%. At their latest follow-up 41 (79%) of patients achieved Glasgow outcome scores of 4 or 5.  Conclusions. Total excision of tumour should remain the goal of treatment in patients with PCFM. Despite the recent advances in preoperative planning and surgical techniques, the morbidity associated with surgery remains significant. Notwithstanding, the majority of patients achieve a good outcome with surgical treatment.     

原发性眼眶脑膜瘤临床及影像诊断分析

目的：探讨原发性眼眶脑膜瘤的临床表现，影像学特征，诊断及治疗原则，方法：1979－1998年间诊治的原发性眼眶脑膜瘤115例进行回顾性分析，详细复习了全部病例的临床，病理资料及X线，B超，彩色多普勒超声，CT和（或）MRI的图像并进行比较，结果：原发性眼眶脑膜瘤可起源于视神经鞘和眶骨膜，多发生于中年女性，眼球突出，视神经萎缩，视力丧失和视睫状静脉为视神经鞘脑膜瘤的四联征，起源于眶骨膜的脑膜早期出现眼球突出和移位，视力减退出现较晚，X线，B超，CT和MRI有特征性表现，CT可以同时显示视神经增粗，眶内软组织肿块和眶骨改变，MRI可以更好地观察视神经管内及颅内蔓延状况，治疗原则主要为手术切除，结论：原发性眼眶脑膜瘤是种较为常见的眼眶肿瘤，影像学检查有助于诊断和鉴别诊断，一旦确诊，应早期手术治疗。     

16层螺旋CT血管造影在松果体区脑膜瘤术前应用价值探讨

目的:通过16层螺旋CT血管成像在松果体区脑膜瘤术前的应用,探讨CT血管成像在手术切除松果体区肿瘤中的应用价值。方法:对6例松果体区脑膜瘤患者手术前进行CTA检查,采用横断面图像重建、多平面重建(MPR)。曲面重建技术(CPR)、最大密度投影重建(M IP)、表面遮盖法重建(SSD)、容积显示重建(VR)等技术,最终显示肿瘤与Galen′s静脉系统的位置关系,通过造影结果对肿瘤切除行术前评估。结果:CTA的诊断结果被手术证实。CTA准确地显示了肿瘤的部位、大小、血管组成、血管轮廓的详细三维结构,以及肿瘤对Galen′s静脉系统的压迫情况和相互位置关系。结论:CTA具有简单、快速、无创和可靠等优点,尤其适合于血供丰富的脑深部肿瘤术前评估,有助于手术入路的设计,减少术中血管不必要损伤并降低手术危险,真正达到微创切除肿瘤的目的。     

Meningeal Tumors of Infancy and Childhood

Seventeen meningeal tumors were examined for pathology with electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, muramidase, and factor VIII. These tumors included seven meningiomas, one hemangiopericytoma, three meningeal sarcomas (1 pleomorphic-cell type and 2 myxofibrosarcomas), two fibrous histiocytomas, and four malignant melanomas. Two of seven children with meningioma had a poor outcome despite the benign histological features of the tumor. S-100 protein was present in the two tumors. All three children with meningeal sarcoma had a rapid downhill clinical course, although the myxofibrosarcoma initially had a relatively benign histological appearance. The two children with fibrous histiocytoma did well despite the aggressive histological features. Muramidase was a good marker of such tumors. Because of the morphological difficulties associated with childhood meningeal tumors, both electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry can be of diagnostic benefit.     

Kawase's入路手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床研究

目的 探究颞下经岩骨前入路（Kawase''s入路）手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床效果。方法 选取2014年1月~2017年1月笔者医院收治的岩斜区脑膜瘤患者56例为研究对象。患者均行显微外科手术治疗,根据手术入路方式不同将患者分为研究组（Kawase''s入路组,27例）、对照组（颞下经小脑幕入路组,29例）。观察两组肿瘤切除情况、术前与术后6个月的神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）及生活质量评分（KPS）、并发症发生情况。结果 研究组肿瘤全切除率（62.96%）高于对照组（58.62%）,次全切除率（33.33%）、部分切除率（3.70%）低于对照组（34.48%、6.90%）,但差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.111、0.008、0.281,P>0.05）。术前两组NIHSS、KPS评分差异无统计学意义（t=0.439、0.470,P>0.05）;术后6个月两组NIHSS、KPS评分均显著改善,研究组NIHSS评分低于对照组（t=8.694,P<0.05）,而KPS评分的组间比较差异无统计学意义（t=0.456,P>0.05）。研究组皮下积液发生率（0）、并发症总发生率（11.11%）低于对照组（13.79%、34.48%）（χ²=4.011、4.285,P均<0.05）。结论 Kawase''s入路手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤可提高肿瘤切除率,降低并发症发生率,更有利于术后神经功能恢复及生活质量改善。     

脑膜瘤FASN、HER-2的表达与术后复发的关系

目的 探讨脑膜瘤脂肪酸合成酶（FASN）、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER-2）的表达与术后复发的关系。方法回顾性分析2017年9月至2020年9月手术治疗的121例脑膜瘤的临床资料。免疫组化染色检测脑膜瘤组织FASN和HER-2表达水平,术后1年复查影像学检查判断肿瘤复发情况。结果 121例中,WHO分级2级84例,3级37例;术后肿瘤复发52例（43.0%）,未复发69例。复发组脑膜瘤组织FASN、HER-2表达水平明显高于未复发组（P<0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析显示,FASN、HER-2高表达是间变性脑膜瘤术后复发的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 间变性脑膜瘤FASN、HER-2呈高表达,与术后复发相关。     

以三叉神经痛起病的小型岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术分析（附18例报道）

目的 探讨以三叉神经痛起病的小型岩斜区脑膜瘤（PCM）的手术方法及其疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年5月至2021年5月手术治疗的18例以三叉神经痛起病的小型PCM的临床资料。结果 4例采用乙状窦后入路,14例采用改良颞下岩前入路。肿瘤切除达到Simpson分级Ⅰ级15例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级1例。术后发生面瘫2例。术后随访6~16个月,全切除肿瘤无复发,残余肿瘤无进展;末次随访KPS评分与BNI评分较术前明显改善（P<0.05）,而且改良颞下岩前入路KPS评分、BNI分级明显优于乙状窦后入路（P<0.05）。结论 对以三叉神经痛起病的小型PCM,显微手术是首选治疗方法,改良颞下岩前入路可能更好。     

介入断流术在脑膜瘤外科术前的应用价值

目的：评价介入断流术在脑膜瘤外科术前栓塞治疗的临床应用价值。方法：2002-08～2012-12手术治疗的患者共79例,其中男30例,女49例。对39例不同位置的脑膜瘤行全脑血管造影并将微导管超选择插入脑膜瘤供血动脉远端,排除颅内危险吻合支存在后,用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞供血动脉,术后择期行外科手术;对40例不同位置的脑膜瘤单纯行外科手术。结果：脑膜瘤供血动脉超选择性插管操作成功率98%,血管造影显示肿瘤染色消失,供血动脉闭塞。未出现严重的栓塞综合症反应及并发症。结论：介入断流术在脑膜瘤外科术前栓塞是安全、简单、有效的、其并发症少,可以作为脑膜瘤外科术前诊治的一种辅助方法,达到减少外科术中出血、降低手术难度的目的。