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981.
In this study, thirty-eight patients with a variety of upper abdominal diseases were examined with three-dimensional time-resolved
MR angiography (7 sec/data set). Visualisation of arterial and venous anatomy was excellent in the majority of patients. Moreover,
subtraction images could be calculated and organ perfusion could be assessed. It is concluded that this technique opens new
perspectives for a comprehensive evaluation of vascular and parenchymal disease.
Received: 14 April 1998; Revision received: 23 October 1998; Accepted: 9 November 1998 相似文献
982.
In the past few years magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the pulmonary vasculature has advanced from a research tool
to a clinically relevant imaging modality. Early 2D phase-contrast and time-of-flight (TOF) sequences without the use of contrast
agents were time-consuming and limited by considerable imaging and motion artifacts. Since the introduction of MR scanners
with stronger gradients (> 20 mT/m) and contrast-enhanced techniques, imaging of the pulmonary vasculature with adequate spatial
resolution within a single breathhold is now possible. In the detection of pulmonary embolism in the lobar or segmental arteries,
contrast-enhanced MRA is now on the verge of being considered an established modality, possibly competing with conventional
pulmonary angiography and contrast-enhanced helical CT. In the future, utilization of phased-array torso coils, the application
of navigator pulse sequences, and 3D time-resolved ultrafast MRA will overcome the final limitations of current techniques.
Blood-pool MR contrast agents may provide a “one-stop-shopping” approach to the investigation of lower extremity veins and
pulmonary arteries in venous thromboembolism. 相似文献
983.
Tubular ectasia of the rete testis (TERT) is a benign entity due to dilation of the tubules of the rete testis. Most of the
time it is discovered incidentally on scrotal sonograms and may be misinterpreted as malignant. This article outlines the
diagnostic criteria of TERT, its possible causes, its incidence and its potential evolution. Recognizing this entity owing
to its characteristic clinical, sonographic and, if necessary, MRI features is important to avoid unnecessary surgery or biopsies.
Received: 4 August 1998; Revised: 15 April 1999; Accepted: 19 April 1999 相似文献
984.
MR imaging of the male pelvis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Barentsz JO Engelbrecht MR Witjes JA de la Rosette JJ van der Graaf M 《European radiology》1999,9(9):1722-1736
Prostate and urinary bladder cancer are the most frequently encountered malignancies of the urinary tract. Appropriate use
of the different imaging techniques is crucial for accurate assessment of prognosis and for the development of appropriate
treatment planning. Especially determination of local tumor extension and detection of nodal or bone metastases is extremely
important. In this regard MR imaging is the most promising imaging technique. Therefore, in this review its role in staging
these malignancies is evaluated and compared with clinical staging, and other imaging techniques. Finally, future developments,
such as new sequences, new contrast agents, the role of surface coils and MR-guided biopsy, are considered. Also, the preferred
radiological approach is discussed. 相似文献
985.
Benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors: evaluation of tumoral enhancement after mangafodipir trisodium injection on MR imaging 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Coffin CM Diche T Mahfouz A Alexandre M Caseiro-Alves F Rahmouni A Vasile N Mathieu D 《European radiology》1999,9(3):444-449
The aim of this work was to study the ability of mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP)-enhanced MR imaging in differentiating
malignant from benign hepatocellular tumors. Eleven patients with pathologically proved hepatocellular carcinomas, six with
focal nodular hyperplasias, and one with a single hepatocellular adenoma were examined by spin-echo and gradient-echo T1-weighted
sequences before, 1 h after, and 24 h after intravenous injection of Mn-DPDP (5 μmol/kg). Quantitative analysis including
enhancement and lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio, and qualitative analysis including the presence of a central area
and a capsule were done on pre- and post-Mn-DPDP-enhanced images. Enhancement was observed in all the tumors with significant
improvement (p < 0.05) in contrast-to-noise ratio 1 h after, and 24 h after intravenous injection of Mn-DPDP. There were no significant
differences in the mean enhancement and the mean contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between benign and malignant tumors. No enhancement
was seen within internal areas observed in 7 hepatocellular carcinomas, and in 5 focal nodular hyperplasias, and within capsules
which were observed in 9 hepatocellular carcinomas. In our study, Mn-DPDP increased CNR of both benign and malignant tumors
but did not enable differentiation between benign and malignant tumors of hepatocellular nature.
Received: 7 October 1997; Revision received: 25 February 1998; Accepted: 10 July 1998 相似文献
986.
This review presents the options and limitations of MRI in non-vascular diseases of the mediastinum and the chest wall. In
numerous thoracic pathologies, MRI is a useful supplement to spiral CT. This imaging procedure also allows a contrast-media-free
differentiation of solid tumors and vascular lesions (e. g., aortic aneurysms). The advantages of MRI over CT are particularly
useful when multiplanar tumor imaging is required prior to surgery to establish the exact spatial relationship between tumor
and the other mediastinal structures. Primary indications for MRI in diseases of the mediastinum and chest wall are therefore:
(a) tumors of the posterior mediastinum for determining their position in relation to the neural foramina and the spinal canal;
(b) chest wall tumors; (c) preoperative multiplanar imaging of primary mediastinal tumors; and (d) contraindications against
CT exams with iodine contrast media. 相似文献
987.
Imaging breasts with silicone implants 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Over the last two decades, the use of breast implants both for breast augmentation and for breast reconstruction following
mastectomy has increased substantially. It is estimated that around two million women have undergone breast augmentation,
while hundreds of thousands have had breast reconstruction surgery. Different types of material have been used for breast
implants, but silicone gel implants have been the dominating implant type. Many implants can lead to complications, such as
hardening and rupture, and may therefore need in vivo evaluation by imaging, particularly if they lead to clinical symptoms.
They can also pose problems in the assessment of surrounding breast tissue by conventional mammography. In this respect, imaging
modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging offer greater possibilities to assess a
failing implant, as well as surrounding breast tissue. Several factors, mainly of a psychological nature, lead to requests
for breast implants. In this review article, only the imaging aspects of breasts with silicone gel implants will be dealt
with. Each modality is concisely presented with its possibilities and limitations.
Received: 5 February 1998; Revision received: 18 May 1998; Accepted: 25 May 1998 相似文献
988.
Computerized analysis of lesions in US images of the breast 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Giger ML Al-Hallaq H Huo Z Moran C Wolverton DE Chan CW Zhong W 《Academic radiology》1999,6(11):665-674
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Breast sonography is not routinely used to distinguish benign from malignant solid masses because of considerable overlap in their sonographic appearances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the computerized analyses of breast lesions in ultrasonographic (US) images in order to ultimately aid in the task of discriminating between malignant and benign lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Features related to lesion margin, shape, homogeneity (texture), and posterior acoustic attenuation pattern in US images of the breast were extracted and calculated. The study database contained 184 digitized US images from 58 patients with 78 lesions. Benign lesions were confirmed at biopsy or cyst aspiration or with image interpretation alone; malignant lesions were confirmed at biopsy. Performance of the various individual features and output from linear discriminant analysis in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions was studied by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: At ROC analysis, the feature characterizing the margin yielded Az values (area under the ROC curve) of 0.85 and 0.75 in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions for the entire database and for an "equivocal" database, respectively. The equivocal database contained lesions that had been proved to be benign or malignant at cyst aspiration or biopsy. Linear discriminant analysis round-robin runs yielded Az values of 0.94 and 0.87 in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions for the entire database and for the equivocal database, respectively. CONCLUSION: Computerized analysis of US images has the potential to increase the specificity of breast sonography. 相似文献
989.
Primary anorectal malignant melanoma: Report of a case 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ojima Y Nakatsuka H Haneji H Kurihara T Sadamoto S Ohmoto T Katayama N Taniyama K 《Surgery today》1999,29(2):170-173
(Received for publication on Aug. 18, 1997; accepted on May 15, 1998) 相似文献
990.
Guerreiro C Cendes F Li LM Jones-Gotman M Andermann F Dubeau F Piazzini A Feindel W 《Epilepsia》1999,40(4):453-461
PURPOSE: MRI volumetric measurements (MRIvol) have been proven reliable in determining mesial temporal atrophy in patients with TLE. We attempted to correlate the clinical features with different patterns of hippocampal formation (HF) and amygdala (AM) atrophy in patients with TLE without foreign tissue lesion. METHODS: We studied 65 patients with refractory TLE. They were divided into five groups according to MRIvol results: pure AM atrophy (n = 11, 10 unilateral and one bilateral), unilateral HF atrophy (n = 16), bilateral HF atrophy (n = 12), unilateral AM + HF atrophy (n = 13), and patients with normal volumes of AM and HF (n = 13). MRIvol of AM and HF were performed by using a protocol previously described by Watson et al. (Neurology 1992;42:1743-50). RESULTS: Patients with AM atrophy had later onset of seizures compared with those with unilateral HF atrophy (p < 0.01). History of febrile convulsions (p < 0.0001) and frequent secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) were more often found in patients with HF atrophy compared with those with pure AM atrophy and those with normal volumes (p = 0.04). Prolonged postictal confusion was more often found with AM atrophy (p = 0.05). Memory impairment was more severe in patients with HF atrophy than in those with AM atrophy only or in those with normal volumes (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences among the five groups in the following parameters: age, duration of epilepsy, seizure frequency, and presence and type of aura. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged postictal confusion appeared to be related to AM atrophy, in keeping with previous clinical observations. These patients also had a lower incidence of early febrile convulsions, older age at epilepsy onset, lower frequency of secondary GTCS, and lesser memory dysfunction compared with patients with hippocampal atrophy. 相似文献