IgG4相关肾病的CT影像特征

目的探讨IgG4相关肾病CT影像特点。方法回顾性分析36例IgG4相关肾病患者,其中累及肾实质26例,累及肾盂10例,双肾发病或多病灶24例,单病灶12例,分析其影像学特征,包括临床病史、病灶的大小、形态、密度、分布范围、增强后强化的特点、峰值、肾盂受累情况、有无淋巴结肿大等。结果 IgG4相关肾病具有较特异的临床及影像学特征,虽然肾脏或肾盂受累,但无肾积水及血尿等恶性肿瘤常见临床表现,边界多清楚完整,其具有典型的持续性渐进性强化的特点,峰值多位于实质期及排泄期,病变无液化、坏死、囊变及钙化等影像学表现,即使肾盂受累明显而且病灶较大也无周围肾实质侵犯,肾盂形态依然存在,管壁光整,无周围淋巴结增大。结论 IgG4相关肾病CT影像与肾脏恶性肿瘤相似,结合其临床、CT影像和血IgG4相关实验室检查,可以做出明确诊断,避免不必要手术。     

Intravital microscopy visualizes innate immune crosstalk and function in tissue microenvironment

Significant advances have been made in the field of intravital microscopy (IVM) on myeloid cells due to the growing number of validated fluorescent probes and reporter mice. IVM provides a visualization platform to directly observe cell behavior and deepen our understanding of cellular dynamics, heterogeneity, plasticity, and cell–cell communication in native tissue environments. This review outlines the current studies on the dynamic interaction and function of innate immune cells with a focus on those that are studied with IVM and covers the advances in data analysis with emerging artificial intelligence-based algorithms. Finally, the prospects of IVM on innate immune cells are discussed.     

Fronto-limbic white matter microstructural changes in psychiatrically healthy adults with childhood trauma

Childhood trauma (CT) may influence brain white matter microstructure; however, few studies have examined the differential impact of distinct CT types on white matter microstructure in psychiatrically healthy adults living in a developing country. In adults without significant medical or psychiatric disorders, we investigated the association(s) between CT, including abuse and neglect, and fractional anisotropy (FA) of limbic tracts previously shown to be associated with CT. Participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance models were used to test the effects of total overall CT, as well as CT subtypes, on FA in six fronto-limbic tracts, adjusting for age, sex, and educational level. The final sample included 69 adults (age 47 ± 17 years; 70% female). Overall, CT had a significant main effect on FA for tracts of interest (p < .001). Greater CT severity was associated with lower FA for the bilateral and left stria terminalis (uncorrected) as well as the bilateral, left, and right anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC; corrected). Exposure to total non-violent/deprivational trauma specifically was associated with lower FA of the bilateral, left, and right ALIC, suggesting that distinct types of CT are associated with differential white matter changes in apparently healthy adults. The ALIC predominantly carries fibers connecting the thalamus with prefrontal cortical regions. Microstructural alterations in the ALIC may be associated with functional brain changes, which may be adaptive or increase the risk of accelerated age-related cognitive decline, maladaptive behaviors, and subsyndromal psychiatric symptoms.     

Connectome spectrum electromagnetic tomography: A method to reconstruct electrical brain source networks at high-spatial resolution

Connectome spectrum electromagnetic tomography (CSET) combines diffusion MRI-derived structural connectivity data with well-established graph signal processing tools to solve the M/EEG inverse problem. Using simulated EEG signals from fMRI responses, and two EEG datasets on visual-evoked potentials, we provide evidence supporting that (i) CSET captures realistic neurophysiological patterns with better accuracy than state-of-the-art methods, (ii) CSET can reconstruct brain responses more accurately and with more robustness to intrinsic noise in the EEG signal. These results demonstrate that CSET offers high spatio-temporal accuracy, enabling neuroscientists to extend their research beyond the current limitations of low sampling frequency in functional MRI and the poor spatial resolution of M/EEG.     

Cerebral cortex layer segmentation using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in vivo with applications to laminar connections and working memory analysis

Understanding the laminar brain structure is of great help in further developing our knowledge of the functions of the brain. However, since most layer segmentation methods are invasive, it is difficult to apply them to the human brain in vivo. To systematically explore the human brain''s laminar structure noninvasively, the K‐means clustering algorithm was used to automatically segment the left hemisphere into two layers, the superficial and deep layers, using a 7 Tesla (T) diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI)open dataset. The obtained layer thickness was then compared with the layer thickness of the BigBrain reference dataset, which segmented the neocortex into six layers based on the von Economo atlas. The results show a significant correlation not only between our automatically segmented superficial layer thickness and the thickness of layers 1–3 from the reference histological data, but also between our automatically segmented deep layer thickness and the thickness of layers 4–6 from the reference histological data. Second, we constructed the laminar connections between two pairs of unidirectional connected regions, which is consistent with prior research. Finally, we conducted the laminar analysis of the working memory, which was challenging to do in the past, and explained the conclusions of the functional analysis. Our work successfully demonstrates that it is possible to segment the human cortex noninvasively into layers using dMRI data and further explores the mechanisms of the human brain.     

磁共振扫描发生对比剂渗漏致静脉炎的护理

目的探讨磁共振扫描发生对比剂渗漏致静脉炎护理措施及效果。方法选取以往50例磁共振扫描发生对比剂渗漏致静脉炎患者回顾性分析。随机将25例行常规护理的静脉炎患者分为对照组,另25例静脉炎患者采用有效护理措施分为试验组。观察对比两组患者护理满意度、护理效果。结果试验组患者护理总满意率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（23% vs 19%, P<0.05）;试验组患者护理总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（25% vs 22%,P<0.05）。结论有效的护理措施对磁共振扫描发生对比剂渗漏致静脉炎患者作用突出,能改善患者病情,提高治疗效果,提高护理满意度,可推广使用。