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91.
Tieno Germann Maurice K. Gately David S. Schoenhaut Michael Lohoff Frank Mattner Susanne Fischer Shen-Chu Jin Edgar Schmitt Erwin Rüde 《European journal of immunology》1993,23(8):1762-1770
At least two subsets of CD4+ T helper cell lymphocytes termed Th1 and T h, 2 exist in the mouse and probably in humans. They are characterized by the secretion of different lymphokines and by their functional behavior. Dysregulated expansion of one or the other subset may be one reason for the development of certain diseases. Thus, it is of importance to define the signals involved in the differentiation and activation of the two Th cell subsets. It is known and has been confirmed in this report that the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 acts onTh2 cells but not on Th1 cells. We now report that a previously identified cytokine which was provisionally termed T cell stimulating factor is identical with IL-12 and exhibits a reciprocal behaviour to IL-1. IL-12 has several effects on Th1 cells. It can induce the proliferation of certain Th1 cells in combination with IL-2. Synthesis of interferon (IFN)-γ by Th1 cells can be triggered by IL-2 plus IL-12. In contrast to the IFN-γ production observed after T cell receptor (TcR) CD3 stimulation of Th1 cells with lectin Concanavalin A the IFN-γ production induced by IL-12+IL-2 is insensitive to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Furthermore, IL-12 enhances the TcR/CD3-induced synthesis of IFN-γ of several Th1 clones. Finally, IL-12 (+ IL-2) induces homotypic cell aggregation of Th1 clones. This type of cell aggregation depends on the participation of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 molecules. In all activation systems with Th1 cells no effect of IL-1 was demonstrable. In contrast, only IL-1 but not IL-12 served as a co-stimulatory signal for several Th2 cell lines activated via the TcR/CD3 complex. 相似文献
92.
Regional cerebral blood flow is measured by monitoring the clearance from the brain of the gamma emitting radioisotope 133Xe following an intracarotid artery bolus injection. On-line data analysis, which is performed on a PDP digital computer, involves exponential stripping to isolate grey and white matter flows and integration of the clearance curves to infinity to enable the mean flow to be calculated. The data is displayed in real time and stored on the PDP 12 Linc tapes as a permanent record. 相似文献
93.
Ferdinand von Meyenn Martin Schaefer Heike Weighardt Stefan Bauer Carsten J. Kirschning Hermann Wagner Tim Sparwasser 《Immunobiology》2006,211(6-8):557
Recognition of mycobacteria by the innate immune system is essential for the development of an adaptive immune response. Mycobacterial antigens stimulate antigen presenting cells (APCs) through distinct Toll-like receptors (TLRs) resulting in rapid activation of the innate immune system. The role of TLRs during infection with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been evaluated for TLR2 and TLR4 only. Surprisingly, despite the fact that immune stimulatory CpG-motifs have been originally derived from BCG, for the vaccine strain the role of TLR9 has not been addressed before. To identify the set of TLRs involved in the recognition of BCG, we infected bone marrow-derived macrophages and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (Flt3-ligand generated DCs) from TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, MyD88 knockout, TLR2/4 and TLR2/4/9 multiple knockout mice. The degree of activation and stimulation was determined by TNFα, IL-6 and IL-12p40 ELISA. Activation of DCs was measured by surface expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86. We observed the most dramatic reduction of the inflammatory response for TLR2-deficient antigen presenting cells. Both macrophages and DCs produce markedly decreased amounts of TNFα and IL-6 in the absence of TLR2 whereas no significant reduction could be observed for TLR3, 4, 7, 9 single TLR-knockouts. However, IL-12 production in DCs appears not exclusively dependent on TLR2 and only in TLR2/4/9-deficient DCs BCG-induced IL-12 is reduced to background levels. Similarly, up-regulation of CD86 is abolished only in TLR2/4/9-deficient DCs supporting a role of TLR9 in the recognition of M. bovis BCG by murine dendritic cells. 相似文献
94.
Mitsuo Masuno Jun-Ichi Asano Kanji Yasuda Tomio Kondo Tadao Orii 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》1993,45(1):65-67
We report on a 19-month-old girl with a derivative chromosome 9 and a recombinant chromosome 12 resulting from a maternal balanced complex rearrangement involving chromosomes 8, 9, and 12. The karyotype of the phenotypically normal mother was 46,XX,t(8;12) (9;12) (8qter→8p23::12q12→12q15::9q32→9qter;9pter→9q32::12q15→12qter;12pter→12q12::8p23→8pter). The child's karyotype was 46,XX,?9,?12, +der(9) (9pter→9q32::12q15→12qter),+rec(12) (12pter→12q15::9q32→9qter) mat. The child had severe growth retardation, minor anomalies including trigonocephaly, hypertelorism, broad nasal root, apparently low-set and posteriorly angulated ears, triangular face, pectus carinatum, clinodactyly of fifth fingers, and almost normal psychomotor development. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only 3 previous reports of recombination derived from parental complex chromosome rearrangements. In the recombination products, the chromosomes were apparently balanced and the offspring had no clinical abnormalities. The present case exhibited abnormalities and may have a submicroscopic aberration of 12q arising from crossing over during maternal meiotic pairing, although her chromosomes appeared to be balanced. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
95.
Adenoviruses 12 and 31, but not Ad18, agglutinate rat blood cells at high titer, providing suitable blood cells be available and a prolonged contact period of virus with the erythrocytes is allowed. Purified virus particles show direct, and virus-free supernatants show direct and indirect, hemagglutination, ie, enhancement of HA by heterologous antiserum. Hemagglutination inhibition with rabbit antisera shows cross-reactions between Ad12 and Ad31 with titers 4--32 times lower than with homologous antigens; Ad18 antisera react with antigens from both of the other serotypes. No cross-reactions were seen with antisera from other adenoviruses. This suggests an antigenic relationship of the three viruses of subgroup IV in their fiber antigen gamma, in addition to the known relation in the hexon (epsilon), which is apparent in cross-neutralization. 相似文献
96.
Erika L. D. Mitchell Gavin R. M. White Mauro F. Santibanez-Koref Jenny M. Varley Jim Heighway 《Chromosome research》1995,3(4):261-262
The gene loci CDK4, GLI, CHOP and MDM2 have been mapped to the q13–q15 region of chromosome 12. Using fluorescencein situ hybridization onto simultaneously DAPI-banded metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei, we have more precisely mapped and ordered these loci, together with a number of Genethon microsatellite markers. GLI and CHOP localize to 12q13.3–14.1, CDK4 to 12q14 and MDM2 to 12q14.3–q15, and the gene order is cen-GLI/CHOP-CDK4-MDM2. The Genethon microsatellites D12S80 and D12S83 flank MDM2. 相似文献
97.
K. Benndorf F. Markwardt B. Nilius 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1987,409(6):641-643
Ventricular cells of adult mice were prepared by an enzyme digestion procedure. Single channel currents were recorded by a conventional patch clamp technique from cell attached patches. Voltage steps from the holding potential of –80 mV to test potentials between –35 and +50 mV caused openings of two types of outward currents through single channels with the conductances of 27 and 12 pS, respectively. The averaged currents reveal transient time courses for both channel types. The current-voltage relations of both single channel currents were linear over the tested voltage range and intersected the voltage axis at –70 mV. This indicates that both single channel currents are mainly carried by potassium ions. All open and closed times were found to be voltage independent. The 27 pS channel had a mean open time of 3.9±1.0 ms (n=8). The closed time consisted of two components with 1 = 2.1 ± 0.2 ms and 2 = 50 ± 19 ms (n=8). The 12 pS channel had a mean open time of 34.0±5.2 ms (n=3) and the two components of the mean closed time have been calculated as 1 = 8.3 ± 2.1 ms and 2 = 120 ± 50 ms (n=3; all mean ±SD). 相似文献
98.
目的:观察高同型半胱氨酸血症对血管内皮功能的影响。 方法: 建立兔高同型半胱氨酸血症模型。将18只新西兰兔随机分为:正常对照组(control组)6只、高蛋氨酸饮食组(M组)12只;于实验第4周始,将M组再随机分为两组,M+0组6只,继续饲高蛋氨酸饮食;M+F组6只,在高蛋氨酸饮食基础上,再加以叶酸、VitB12,继续观察3周;6周时统一处死动物,取腹主动脉,制备主动脉血管环,比较M+0组与M+F组及C组主动脉血管对Ach的最大舒张反应。同时,对3组高同型半胱氨酸血症形成过程中0周、3周、6周时血清中Hcy、ET-1、Ang-II、NO2ˉ/NO3ˉ、NOS各指标及处死动物时局部血管组织中ET-1、Ang-II、NO2ˉ/NO3ˉ、NOS指标进行检测并进行比较。 结果: (1)M+0组主动脉血管对Ach的最大舒张反应性(Emax=26.73±4.51)低于M+F组(Emax=47.84±5.62, P<0.05)及control组(Emax=56.42±7.82, P<0.05);(2) 3周时,M+0组及M+F组血清中Hcy、ET-1、Ang-II各指标均明显高于对照组及0周时(P<0.05);NO2ˉ/NO3ˉ、NOS明显低于对照组及0周时(P<0.05);(3)6 周时,M+0组上述指标继续升高;M+F组血清中Hcy低于 M+0组(P<0.05);NO2-/NO3-、NOS高于M+0组(P<0.05);ET-1、Ang-II各指标与M+F组无明显差异(P>0.05)。 结论: 高同型半胱氨酸血症对血管内皮最大舒张功能具有明显的抑制作用;其机制可能是通过影响局部血管组织内皮细胞 ET-1、Ang-II、NO的分泌而发挥作用的;早期以叶酸、VitB12干预治疗对血管内皮功能具有一定的拮抗作用。 相似文献
99.
Youlchiro Kato Tomoko Yamamoto Tatsuo Sawada Makio Kobayashi 《Pathology international》1996,46(8):548-556
To elucidate the pathogenesis of adenovlrus type 12 (Ad12)-induced rat retinal tumor, an experimental animal model of human retinobiastoma (RB), DNA analysis, in situ hybridizatlon and immunohistochemlstry were performed. The adenovirus oncogene EIA was detected in the host genome by Southern blot hybridization. Examined retinal tlssues did not show any histological changes, but the number of retinal cells lmmunoreactive with an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) increased with the course of study. In in situ hybridization, E1A gene expression was recognized at the Inner granular layer of the retina at an early stage arer virus inoculation, and subsequently, N-myc gene expression was recognized at the same region. No alteration was found in the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene ( Rb gene) expression. The product of the virus oncogene integrated into the host genome could induce an Increase in N-myc expression, without any abnormality of the Rb gene itself. Results from the present study could be useful in clarifying the tumorige-nesis of this experimental model. 相似文献
100.
Yamashiro S Kawakami K Uezu K Kinjo T Miyagi K Nakamura K Saito A 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2005,139(1):57-64
Diabetes mellitus is an important predisposing factor for tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying this association using a murine model. Mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus were prone to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, as indicated by increased numbers of live bacteria in lung, liver and spleen. In diabetic mice, the levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma in the lung, liver and spleen were lower than those in control animals on day 14 postinfection, while the opposite was true for IL-4 levels in the lung and liver. The expression pattern of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in the two mice types was as for IL-12 and IFN-gamma. In addition, peritoneal exudate cells obtained from diabetic mice produced lower amounts of IL-12 and NO than those from control mice, when stimulated in vitro with M. bovis BCG. Spleen cells from diabetic mice infected with M. tuberculosis produced a significantly lower amount of IFN-gamma upon restimulation with purified protein derivatives (PPD) than those from infected nondiabetic mice. Interestingly, addition of high glucose levels (33 mM) to the cultures of PPD-restimulated spleen cells reduced the synthesis of IFN-gamma only in diabetic mice, and not in nondiabetic mice. Finally, control of blood glucose levels by insulin therapy resulted in improvement of the impaired host protection and Th1-related cytokine synthesis. Our results suggest that the reduced production of Th1-related cytokines and NO account for the hampered host defense against M. tuberculosis infection under diabetic conditions. 相似文献