Consumption of Dietary Fiber with Different Physicochemical Properties during Late Pregnancy Alters the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Constipation in Sow Model

Constipation is a common problem in sows and women during late pregnancy. Dietary fiber has potential in the regulation of intestinal microbiota, thereby promoting intestinal motility and reducing constipation. However, the effects of fibers with different physicochemical properties on intestinal microbe and constipation during late pregnancy have not been fully explored. In this study, a total of 80 sows were randomly allocated to control and one of three dietary fiber treatments from day 85 of gestation to delivery: LIG (lignocellulose), PRS (resistant starch), and KON (konjaku flour). Results showed that the defecation frequency and fecal consistency scores were highest in PRS. PRS and KON significantly increased the level of gut motility regulatory factors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), motilin (MTL), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum. Moreover, PRS and KON promoted the IL-10 level and reduced the TNF-α level in serum. Furthermore, maternal PRS and KON supplementation significantly reduced the number of stillborn piglets. Microbial sequencing analysis showed that PRS and KON increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreased the abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria Desulfovibrio and Oscillibacter in feces. Moreover, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and the fecal butyrate concentration in PRS were the highest. Correlation analysis further revealed that the defecation frequency and serum 5-HT were positively correlated with Turicibacter and butyrate. In conclusion, PRS is the best fiber source for promoting gut motility, which was associated with increased levels of 5-HT under specific bacteria Turicibacter and butyrate stimulation, thereby relieving constipation. Our findings provide a reference for dietary fiber selection to improve intestinal motility in late pregnant mothers.     

夹闭大鼠双侧颈总动脉对胃运动的影响

采用动脉夹夹闭大鼠双侧颈总动脉,胃内放置水囊记录胃运动的方法,观察了脑供血不足对胃运动的影响。结果表明:(1)夹闭30 min过程中,最初2 min内的胃运动指标(收缩频率、总收缩时程、总收缩幅度、胃运动指数)较夹闭前2 min内抑制显著;夹闭第28~30 min(即松开动脉夹前2 min内)的胃运动各项指标较夹闭前2 min均无显著差异。(2)松开动脉夹30 min过程中,松开后最初2 min内与松开前2 min内相比,胃运动抑制显著;但松开后第28~30 min的胃运动与松开前2 min内的胃运动相比,无显著差异。这些结果说明:夹闭双侧颈总动脉造成脑局部供血不足初期,对胃运动有抑制作用,但随着结扎时间的延长,这种抑制作用逐渐消除,可能是椎-基底动脉环起了代偿作用。     

腹腔镜下微创修补术对胃穿孔术后胃肠动力的影响分析

目的 观察腹腔镜下微创修补术对胃穿孔术后胃肠动力的影响分析。方法 将在医院（2018年1月1日—2020年12月30日）收治胃穿孔患者60例拟手术治疗,以随机数字表法分组,每组各30例患者,其中30例实施传统开腹手术为对照组,另30例患者则实施腹腔镜下微创修补术治疗为研究组。比较围手术期相关指标、胃肠动力指标,术前、术后3 d的机体应激指标与胃泌素分泌水平及疼痛评分,统计围手术期不良事件发生率。结果 研究组患者的手术时间、首次下床时间与住院时长均短于对照组,而术中出血量则少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。研究组患者的胃肠动力指标恢复时间均明显的短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。两组患者术前机体应激指标与胃泌素分泌水平及疼痛评分相比,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。两组患者术后3 d时机体应激指标中SOD指标与胃泌素分泌水平则较术前提升,研究组高于对照组,而术后3 d的机体应激指标中MDA指标及疼痛评分均较术前降低,研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。研究组患者围手术期不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P...     

多器官功能障碍综合征时胃肠Cajal间质细胞形态学的变化

目的探讨多器官功能障碍衰竭综合征(MODS)大鼠胃肠Cajal间质细胞(interstitial cells of cajal,ICC)形态学变化及MODS胃肠慢波活性减弱机制。方法Wistar大鼠17只,分为正常组和MODS组。对各组取胃体、胃窦、小肠标本,用免疫荧光染色法观察ICC在胃肠道的分布,并用电镜观察ICC的超微结构变化。结果与正常组比较,MODS组胃肠肌间神经丛ICC的荧光染色呈间断分布,条带样完整结构消失,细胞间出现较大间隔,细胞突起不明显,细胞数量很少。电镜下见MODS组ICC细胞核皱缩,异染色质趋边,胞膜泡状化,线粒体数量减少,次级溶酶体增多,与邻近平滑肌细胞、神经末梢和其他ICC之间的连接减少或消失。结论MODS可引起胃肠起搏区域ICC数量减少和超微结构改变,直接影响细胞间信号传导,使慢波活性下降,引起胃肠运动功能障碍。     

血小板激活因子对健康人精子体外运动及膜功能的影响

本文应用毛细管穿透、精子跨膜移动率及低渗肿胀试验探讨了外源性ＰＡＦ对健康人精子体外功能形态学的影响。结果表明，外源性ＰＡＦ能增强精子的运动能力及膜稳定性。外源性ＰＡＦ对人精子体外运动的促进作用的适宜终浓度为１０－７至１０－９Ｍ／Ｌ。结果说明：ＰＡＦ不仅是一种炎性介质，而且也是一种具有生理作用的调节介质。本研究提示：外源性ＰＡＦ在体外与精液共同孵育，可望提高某些不育患者的人工授精成功率。     

Copper: a biphasic regulator of caprine sperm forward progression

Abstract

Copper is essential for spermatogenesis and its presence has been demonstrated in male and female reproductive fluids in several mammalian species. However, little is known about the physiological significance of this trace element in the regulation of forward progression of mammalian sperm cells which is essential for sperm fertility potential in vivo. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the physiological role of the bivalent copper ion (Cu²⁺) on mammalian sperm forward motility using a chemically-defined medium and caprine cauda epididymal sperm model. Sperm forward motility was significantly enhanced by Cu²⁺ in a dose-dependent manner; maximal activation (approx 20%) was noted at the 5?µM level of the metal. Above 10?µM Cu²⁺ sperm motility decreased, showing that Cu²⁺ exerts a biphasic regulation on sperm motility. These findings have been confirmed using a spectrophotometric motility assay, an objective method of motility analysis. At lower concentrations (up to 5?µM), copper enhanced sperm membrane lipid peroxidation as well as the level of intra-sperm cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (c-AMP), but at a higher level it caused marked inhibition of both of the biochemical parameters. The observed correlation of Cu²⁺-dependent biphasic modulation of sperm membrane lipid peroxidation and intrasperm c-AMP with sperm forward motility is consistent with the view that Cu²⁺ regulation of sperm motility is mediated by membrane lipid peroxidation, which in turn modulates the level of intra-sperm c-AMP, a well-known activator of sperm motility.     

Restoration of myoelectrical propagation across a jejunal transection using microsurgical anastomosis

The aim of this study was to determine whether microsurgical anastomosis can restore propagation of jejunal pacesetter potentials (PPs) across a site of canine jejunal transection and preserve motility and transit in bowel distal to the transection. A complete jejunal transection with exact microsurgical anastomosis was performed in five dogs, while five dogs with intact jejunum and five dogs with complete transection and end-to-end conventional macrosurgical anastomosis were used as controls. Long-term recording electrodes and intraluminal, open-tipped pressure catheters were implanted in all dogs. The mean frequency of PPs decreased distal to the transection in both groups of transected dogs. However, aborad propagation of PPs across the anastomosis occurred episodically by 3 months in each dog that had a microsurgical anastomosis, but never occurred in any dog with a conventional macroanastomosis. Moreover, the motility and transit in bowel distal to the transection were unaltered in the dogs with a microsurgical anastomosis, whereas they decreased in the dogs with a macroanastomosis. The conclusion was that microsurgical anastomosis of transected canine jejunum restored episodic propagation of PPs across the anastomosis, and preserved motility and maintained transit in bowel distal to the anastomosis. The conventional macroanastomosis did none of these. Supported by the Mayo Foundation and the Nigrn Grant. Presented in part at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, May 19–22, 1996, San Francisco, Calif.     

阴道毛滴虫代谢产物体外对精子活力的影响

目的 :研究阴道毛滴虫代谢产物体外对人精子活力的影响。　方法 :阴道毛滴虫体外培养 ,除去虫体 ,留取培养液 ,稀释成三个浓度 ;将 10例正常生育男性的优化精子分为等体积的 4份 ,组成以下 4组 :A组加入未培养滴虫的空白培养液 ,B ,C ,D组依次加入前述浓度梯度的培养液 (1.2× 10 9/L、6× 10 8/L、1.2× 10 8/L) ,分别于 30s、1、2、4和 6h时采用计算机辅助精子分析系统 (CASA)分析精子运动参数。　结果 :阴道毛滴虫浓度在 6× 10 8/L以上时 ,精子的活率和活力与对照组相比都显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并呈浓度依赖性和时间依赖性。　结论 :阴道毛滴虫代谢产物体外能抑制精子活力 ,可能是造成不孕不育的原因之一。     

弗司扣林对人精子运动功能的影响

目的 通过研究弗司扣林(forskolin)对体外人精子的运动功能有无影响，了解环磷酸腺苷／蛋白激酶A(cAMP／PKA)信号传导途径是否参与人精子运动功能的调节。方法 10例健康成年男性手淫获得新鲜精液，经上游优化处理后与不同浓度的forskolin一起孵育20、30、60min后，采用计算机辅助的精子分析系统(CASA)检测精子的各项运动参数，并进行对比分析。结果 forskolin在体外能显著提高人精于的活率及前向性运动百分率，而对精子的形态及直线速度(VSL)和曲线速度(VCL)无明显影响。结论 forskolin在体外能提高人精子的运动功能，此结果为证实cAMP/PKA信号传导通道参与调节人精子运动功能提供了一定的实验依据。     

胆囊结石患者CCK受体mRNA测定的临床意义

目的:探讨胆囊结石患者缩胆囊素(CCK)受体基因表达及其与胆囊排空功能的关系.方法:术前用B超测定100例胆囊结石患者和50例胃癌无胆囊结石患者的胆囊排空功能.胆囊壁CCK受体mRNA表达的测定用RT-PCR法.结果:胆囊结石组CCK受体mRNA表达(0.59±0.11)明显低于对照组(0.91±0.06)(P<0.01),该基因表达的降低与胆囊结石胆囊排空功能损害有关.胆囊结石患者的胆囊平滑肌细胞膜CCK受体mRNA表达与胆囊残余指数(RV/FV×100%)呈负相关(Y=0.61-0.45X,r=-0.65,P<0.01).结论:胆囊结石患者CCK受体基因表达下调与胆囊排空功能的损害有关.