The Effect of Hypertension on Ischemic Cerebral Edema in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Cerebral ischemia was produced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with a range of blood pressures (BP). Measurements were made at 4 hours of the edema produced (% H₂O), the damage to the blood brain barrier (BBB) and, the blood flow (CBF) in both hemispheres and the cerebellum and brain stem. There was a statistically significant correlation between CBF and BP and between CBF and % H₂O, but the correlation between BP and % H₂O was not significant. The BBB is not open to technecium pertechnetate in this model at this time interval. Systemic hypertension is not a significant factor in the early development of ischemic edema in this model because the blood flow in the ischemic area falls with rising blood pressure, probably due to autoregulation in the collateral circulation.     

The role of aquaporin-1 in idiopathic and drug-induced intracranial hypertension

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a common disorder affecting mainly healthy, young, overweight women. The pathogenesis of this condition is unknown, but it has been shown to follow treatment with several compounds including corticosteroids and vitamin A derivatives. This paper will offer a novel hypothesis and insight on the pathogenesis of drug induced intracranial hypertension following a review and analysis of the literature. Both corticosteroids and vitamin A derivatives have been shown to upregulate the expression of aquaporin 1, a water channel protein. Aquaporin 1 is widely distributed in the human brain and is associated with water secretion into the subarachnoid space. Aquaporin 1 was also shown to participate in the regulation of weight. Agents used for treating idiopathic intracranial hypertension reduce aquaporin 1 expression. Based on these observations, we propose that aquaporin 1 has a pathogenetic role in drug induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Over expression of this gene causes increased intracranial pressure, and downregulation reduces pressure and alleviates the symptomatology and complications of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.     

高血压脑出血血肿增大及术后血肿复发因素分析

目的：分析血肿易增大的因素,提高治疗质量.方法：回顾分析149例高血压脑出血病人的临床资料、影响学特点及治疗方法.结果：血压高、受累血管组增加是血肿增大的直接因素.结论：综合控制血压、镜下操作是能明显降低血肿增加的可能性.     

Monitoring cerebral oxygenation during balloon occlusion with multichannel NIRS

We report on oxygenation changes noninvasively recorded by multichannel continuous-wave near infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) during endovascular neuroradiologic interventions requiring temporary balloon occlusion of arteries supplying the cerebral circulation. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) provides reference data on the site, timing, and effectiveness of the flow stagnation as well as on the amount and direction of collateral circulation. This setting allows us to relate CW-NIRS findings to brain specific perfusion changes. We focused our analysis on the transition from normal perfusion to vessel occlusion, i.e., before hypoxia becomes clinically apparent. The localization of the maximal response correlated either with the core (occlusion of the middle cerebral artery) or with the watershed areas (occlusion of the internal carotid artery) of the respective vascular territories. In one patient with clinically and angiographically confirmed insufficient collateral flow during carotid artery occlusion, the total hemoglobin concentration became significantly asymmetric, with decreased values in the ipsilateral watershed area and contralaterally increased values. Multichannel CW-NIRS monitoring might serve as an objective and early predictive marker of critical perfusion changes during interventions—to prevent hypoxic damage of the brain. It also might provide valuable human reference data on oxygenation changes as they typically occur during acute stroke.     

Intracranial interhemispheric osteochondrolipoma: Diagnostic and surgical challenges in an extremely rare entity

Intracranial lipomas are rare developmental lesions, predominantly occurring in the interhemispheric location. Osteochondrolipoma is an extremely rare variant of lipoma with osseous and chondroid differentiation. We present a case of interhemispheric osteochondrolipoma, in a 2.5‐years‐old male child which was detected antenatally, in association with corpus callosum agenesis. The lesion progressively increased in size with resulting compression of surrounding structures, and was subjected to microsurgical decompression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of intracranial interhemispheric osteochondrolipoma in the existing medical literature. Peculiarities of this case and the diagnostic and surgical challenges are discussed.     

前列地尔在急性脑梗死并发脑心综合征中的应用价值

目的观察使用前列地尔治疗急性脑梗死并发脑心综合征的临床效果。方法选取2011-04—2014-07收治的急性脑梗死并发脑心综合征患者130例,随机分为对照组与观察组,对照组实施常规治疗,在此基础上观察组联合前列地尔进行治疗,对比2组患者临床疗效。结果观察组治疗后神经系统及心脏损伤总有效率均明显高于对照组,治疗后2组高敏C反应蛋白、肌钙蛋白指标水平均显著降低,且观察组降低程度更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论使用前列地尔治疗急性脑梗死并发脑心综合征,能够有效降低各项相关指标,缓解神经、心脏方面临床症状,显著提高临床疗效,具有进一步推广价值。     

高血压性脑出血患者的护理体会

探讨高血压性脑出血术前、术后的护理经验及有效的护理措施。脑出血最常见的原因为高血压和动脉硬化。大多发生于50岁以上，但年轻人患高血压病者也可并发脑出血。其中男性多于女性，临床上以头疼、眩晕、呕吐、三偏征为其主要表现，由于此病有较高的致残率和病死率，因此，及时有效的治疗和科学护理对提高本病的治疗效果有着重要意义。     

介入治疗颅内前循环动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床疗效

目的探讨介入治疗与药物治疗颅内前循环动脉狭窄的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析重度前循环颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄而导致的脑梗死或短暂性脑缺血发作患者166例的临床资料,根据患者治疗方法分为介入组（81例）和药物组（85例）。比较两组患者随访期间累积主要终点事件和次要终点事件发生率。结果两组主要终点事件累积发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。不考虑围手术期并发症,以30 d后责任血管同侧缺血性脑血管事件作为次要终点事件,随访3年时两组累积发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论介入治疗重度颅内前循环动脉狭窄对30 d后责任血管同侧缺血性脑卒中的预防作用更优于单纯药物治疗,介入治疗的围手术期并发症仍然是限制其临床推广的主要因素。