广东省输精管绝育技术应用状况调查

为分析影响输精管结扎术推广应用技术因素,了解基层手术点的手术质量,1994年～1995年对23个基层手术点作现场调查,发现影响男性结扎手术质量的一些因素,例如部分基层手术点操作不规范,未能按《节育手术常规》操作,手术管理制度不够严格。建议:①加强男性结扎术操作规范化的培训。②推广新型的手术消毒剂和先进的操作方法。③重视心理咨询和心理护理。④强调节育效果是手术质量的主要指际。⑤完善手术管理制度。     

Nationwide investigations of intestinal obstruction in Japan

Two nationwide questionnaire surveys of intestinal obstruction in Japan were undertaken, covering two two-year periods, from January, 1975 to December, 1976 and from January, 1985 to December, 1986, respectively. The findings of a comparative review of these two surveys indicated that although the overall mortality of intestinal obstruction had not changed between 1975/76 and 1985/86, being 6.8 per cent and 6.5 per cent, respectively, simple adhesive obstruction had decreased from 3.2 per cent in 1975/76 to 2.0 per cent in 1985/86. The main cause of adhesion was laparotomy and in cases of both simple adhesive obstruction and strangulated adhesive obstruction, the rate of adhesion secondary to laparotomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and colon and rectum had increased between 1975/76 and 1985/86. Obstructions caused by neoplasms had increased from 8.2 per cent in 1975/76 to 10.0 per cent in 1985/86, while those caused by adhesions had incresed further still, from 42.5 per cent in 1975/76 to 60.8 per cent in 1985/86. Among the latter group, nonoperatively treated cases had increased, which may be accounted for by the fact that facilities which adopt non-operative treatment using intestinal decompression as the first choice for simple adhesive obstruction cases have increased. In both surveys, the mortality of cases receiving nonoperative treatment was lower than that of operative cases.     

0～5岁儿童睡眠时间流行病学调查

目的:了解成都市0～5岁儿童不同年龄阶段的睡眠时间及其影响因素。方法:采用随机抽样的方法抽取成都市2个城区1276例儿童,对其家长或看护人进行睡眠状况的问卷调查。结果:成都市0～5岁儿童白天睡眠时间和总的睡眠时间随年龄增加逐渐减少,不同性别间睡眠时间无显著差别;影响睡眠时间的主要因素有儿童年龄、喂养方式、入睡方式以及母亲年龄和睡眠总时间等。结论:目前成都市小年龄阶段儿童睡眠时间较少,需引起重视;对儿童睡眠时间影响较大的主要是社会环境因素,从小培养良好的睡眠习惯和良好的睡眠环境是保证儿童充足睡眠的重要前提。     

卵巢浆液性肿瘤几种形态测量指标的比较

应用体视学方法对卵巢浆液性肿瘤进行研究，从定量的角度对卵巢良性、交界性及恶性肿瘤的五项指标进行比较，包括（１）细胞核长短轴之比；（２）结缔组织间质与上皮细胞体积密度之比；（３）细胞核与细胞浆体积密度之比（核浆比）；（４）细胞核平均直径；（５）乳头的上皮厚度。结果表明恶性肿瘤核浆体积密度比明显高于交界性及良性肿瘤（ｐ＜０．０１）；恶性肿瘤结缔组织间质与上皮细胞体积密度之比明显小于交界性及良性肿瘤（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

AIDS: Awareness and blood handling practices of health care workers in Lagos,Nigeria

A questionnaire survey of 260 health care workers from 13 randomly selected health care facilities was undertaken. Their knowledge, attitude, belief and blood handling practices regarding HIV/AIDS were enquired about. Virtually all (99.0%) respondents had heard about AIDS but only 57.0% had seen an AIDS patient before. Although 83.0% knew that AIDS is caused by a virus, a high proportion still confuses mode of transmission with causative agent. Deficient knowledge was exhibited when asked about groups of people who were at a higher risk of contracting HIV and AIDS: Only 54.6% and 51.5% identified homosexuals and IV drug users as being at a higher risk. Almost all (97.0%) of our respondents claimed to have been more careful in their blood handling practices since the emergence of AIDS, 68.5% wore gloves for all procedures involving handling of blood and 28.5% sometimes although as many as 30.4%, 40.4% and 18.1% do not wear gloves for cleaning up blood stained materials, nursing procedures and taking obstetric delivery respectively. It was evident from their responses that not all the health workers knew the correct method for disposing of used bloodstained instruments and left-over blood samples and neither were they all adhering to the safety guidelines recommended for handling these materials. Education of all health care workers in Nigeria on the Universal Precautions Guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1987 regarding blood, body fluids and contaminated instruments' handling precautions is urgently recommended.     

The'Lightspeed'preparation technique evaluated by Swiss clinicians after attending continuing education courses

This survey evaluated acceptance of the Lightspeed canal preparation (LS) technique by Swiss practitioners. The technique was introduced to Switzerland inJune 1994and 10 other continuing education (CE) courses were held at the Zurich Dental School by July 1995. Acceptance was assessed by posting questionnaires to the CE course attendees. Of the 305 questionnaires posted, 177 (58%) were returned. Of the CE participants 80% had used the technique with 60% finding the method easier and 43% finding it quicker than their usual preparation techniques. Of the respondents 58% used the technique on all tooth types and 76% of the LS users had fractured an instrument at least once. Amongst others, fractures were caused by too much pressure (25%), incorrect insertion angles (17%) and by a complicated root morphology (15%). Fractures occurred high up on the instrument shaft (74%) and near the tip (7%). Working lengths were claimed by 62% to be easier to maintain by LS than their usual preparation techniques. Among the respondents 52% obturated LS prepared canals more easily and quickly compared with their usual preparation techniques. Only 10% of LS users would not recommend the technique, but those who would suggested that proper tuition was necessary to minimize the risk of instrument fracture. The LS technique was positively assessed by clinicians who attended the CE courses in Switzerland where endodontics is not accepted as a speciality     

沈阳市某农村社区居民健康状况分析

目的：了解沈阳市农村社区居民健康状况及主要健康问题,为农村健康促进工作提供基础资料。方法：采用随机抽样的方法,选择东陵区某中等经济水平农村社区18岁以上成年人进行一般状况调查及健康体检。结果：本社区居民超重和肥胖、高血粘、血压异常、脂肪肝、咽炎、尿路感染、女性阴道炎检出率较高,分别为48.0%,41.5%,33.8%,27.1%,20.7%,7.0%,47.5%。结论：该社区需加强健康教育和健康促进为主导的综合干预措施,进一步促进农村社区人群健康状况。     

Comparison of dietary intakes in four selected European populations

Summary The composition of diet and food intakes in four selected European populations were compared. Dietary data (from the World Health Organization Project on Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) were measured by record methods and were available for middle-aged men in Finland (n = 653), France (n =1128), Northern Ireland (n = 356), and southern Germany (Augsburg region; n = 899). Nutritional variables — which are independent of the absolute energy intake, such as the percentage supply of energy from macronutrients and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids — were on the whole similar. However, striking differences were found in food intake and in the percentage supply of fat from different foods. The results indicate that detailed knowledge of consumption figures is necessary to develop prudent and acceptable nutrition intervention programs.Abbreviations CHD coronary heart disease - MONICA monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease - MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids - P/S ratio ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids - PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids - SFA saturated fatty acids     

保定市躯体形式障碍的流行病学调查

目的了解保定市躯体形式障碍的患病率和分布特点。方法2004年10月～2005年3月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18周岁的人群，共10073名，用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组，采用美国精神障碍诊断标准（DSM-Ⅳ），以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册-第四版（DSM-Ⅳ）轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版对调查对象进行躯体形式障碍的诊断。以大体功能量表（GAF）评定患者的心理、社会和职业功能。结果9021人完成调查，躯体形式障碍的时点患病率为0．99%。（95%CI=0．79％～1．20％）．躯体化障碍0．03％、未分化的躯体形式障碍0．24％、疼痛障碍0．56％、疑病症0．18％。女性（1．43％）明显高于男性（0．13％）（P〈0．01）；40～49岁及50～59岁患病率较高（1．84％及1．55％）；与抑郁症及焦虑障碍共病49．12％；心理、社会和职业功能受损程度无或轻度50．88％、中度33．33％、重度15．79％；躯体形式障碍就诊精神科门诊为3．51％。结论躯体形式障碍在女性及中年人群（40～59岁）中患病率高，与抑郁症及焦虑障碍共病常见．其精神科服务利用率低。     

广东省湛江市农村人群肠道蠕虫感染调查

目的了解湛江市农村人群肠道蠕虫感染现状。方法随机采集村民新鲜粪便，用直接涂片法及饱和盐水浮聚法检查虫卵，用盐酸左旋咪唑驱虫法检查感染钩虫种类。结果粪检190人，虫卵阳性78人，总感染率为41．1％。检出3种肠道蠕虫卵，其中钩虫感染率25．8％，蛔虫感染率12．1％，鞭虫感染率10．5％，有2种或3种虫卵阳性率为6．8％；不同地点各虫感染率不同；钩虫以50—70岁人群感染率较高，蛔虫、鞭虫以20岁以下人群常见；女性的钩虫感染率明显高于男性。药物驱虫后检获有十二指肠钩虫成虫、美洲钩虫成虫及雄性蛔虫，其中，十二指肠钩虫占钩虫比例87．4％，美洲钩虫占钩虫比例12．6％。结论湛江市农村人群感染蛔虫、鞭虫及钩虫常见，其中以钩虫感染最为严重。钩虫感染率较高与旱作生产生活方式密切相关。十二指肠钩虫在该地钩虫流行中占了重要地位。