湖南省肿瘤登记地区2009~2012年恶性肿瘤发病及死亡资料分析

[目的]了解湖南省2009～2012年肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病死亡情况,为肿瘤防治提供参考数据.[方法]对湖南省2009～2012年肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病死亡数据进行分析,计算主要肿瘤的发病率、死亡率、顺位、0～74岁累积率等指标,中标率的标准人口采用2000年中国人口普查的人口构成,世标率的标准人口使用的是Segi's世界人口构成.[结果]2009～2012年湖南省6个肿瘤登记点人口人年数1 011.3867万人年,共收集新发病例19 695例,死亡病例12 466例.病理诊断率72.16％,只有死亡证明书比例3.20％,死亡发病比为0.63.全省恶性肿瘤发病率为194.73/10万,中标率为153.62/10万,世标率为149.26/10万,0～74岁累积率为17.37％.城市地区恶性肿瘤发病率为198.22/10万,而农村为193.36/10万(x2=0.06,P＞0.05),城市农村粗发病率比较无统计学差异,但标化率城市高于农村.男性恶性肿瘤发病率为219.18/10万,而女性为168.60/10万(x2=6.46,P＜0.05).男性发病前5位的是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠肛门癌、鼻咽癌;女性发病前5位的是肺癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、肝癌、结直肠肛门癌.2009～2012年湖南省肿瘤登记地区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率为123.26/10万,中标率为95.10/10万,世标率为92.84/10万,0～74岁累积率为10.97％.城市地区恶性肿瘤死亡率为121.78/10万,农村为123.84/10万,城市死亡率和农村比较相差不大(x2=0.02,P＞0.05),但中标率和世标率城市高于农村.男性恶性肿瘤死亡率为154.11/10万,高于女性的90.28/10万(x2=16.81,P＜0.01).男性死亡率前5位为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌,女性死亡前5位为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、结直肠肛门癌.[结论]肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠肛门癌、鼻咽癌及女性乳腺癌、宫颈癌等是湖南省发病率、死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤,应作为湖南省恶性肿瘤防治的主要癌种.     

广东省中山市1970～2012年宫体癌发病分析

[目的]探讨中山市1970~2012年宫体癌发病概况及规律,为中山市宫体癌防治提供科学依据。[方法]收集整理中山市1970~2012年宫体癌发病资料,统计分析其发病数、粗发病率、标化率和年龄别发病率等指标。[结果]1970~2012年中山市共有宫体癌新发患者2102例,其粗发病率和世标率分别为8.28/10万和9.15/10万。1970~2012年宫体癌发病明显上升,具有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,其年龄别发病从35~39岁左右开始迅速上升,50~55岁达高峰,其后迅速下降,宫体癌发病年龄有提前趋势。[结论]1970~2012年中山市宫体癌发病率位于国内外较高水平,且明显上升,提示中山市应加强宫体癌防治。     

湖北省麻城市2010~2014年恶性肿瘤发病现状及趋势

[目的]分析麻城市居民恶性肿瘤发病流行特点和趋势,为开展肿瘤综合防治提供依据.[方法]运用描述流行病学研究,对麻城市2010～2014年12 252例恶性肿瘤患者的发病特征及趋势进行分析.[结果]恶性肿瘤年均发病率为212.09/10万(男性242.17/10万、女性178.49/10万)、中标率为167.47/10万(男性193.69/10万、女性139.74/10万),男女发病率差异有统计学意义(x2=275.934,P＜0.01);2010～2014年恶性肿瘤标化率呈上升趋势(x2趋势=31.028、P＜0.01);全人群癌发病率前5位依次为支气管和肺癌、胃癌、肝和肝内胆管癌、食管癌、肠癌,占全部肿瘤发病总数的69.47％;[结论]麻城市肿瘤发病率呈上升趋势,肺癌、消化系统肿瘤和女性乳腺癌是严重危害当地居民身体健康最主要的肿瘤,是当前肿瘤防治工作的重点.     

Incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in adults, its epidemiological tendencies over time, and its possible key determinants. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review using the keywords "systemic sclerosis," "incidence," "prevalence," and "epidemiology." RESULTS: We found 32 articles published from 1969 to 2006 in which the prevalence of SSc ranged from 7/million to 489/million and its incidence from 0.6/million/y to 122/million/y. There were many geographical variations: SSc prevalence was higher in the USA (276/million in 1990) and Australia (233/million in 1999) than in Japan and Europe, where a north-south gradient was also observed (France: 158/million in 2001 and England: 88/million in 2000). In some regions (Ontario, Rome, near London's airports) there was an unusually high number of SSc cases (3, 5, or 1000 times greater than expected), suggesting spatiotemporal clustering, although no key determinants could be identified. Furthermore, there seemed to be a trend toward an increase in the incidence of SSc over time, but this tendency is uncertain due to lack of uniformity in study methods and designs. We also found that susceptibility to the disease differed according to sex, age, and race. CONCLUSION: Uniform clinico-epidemiological studies with standard diagnostic and classification criteria are needed to refine the epidemiological features of SSc. Homogeneous study methods with exhaustive case ascertainment as seen in a "capture-recapture" analysis will also be necessary to obtain reliable data.     

2006—2020年苏州市相城区胃癌发病与死亡情况分析

目的：分析苏州市相城区胃癌发病和死亡特征,为相城区开展胃癌防控工作提供有效的科学依据。方法：收集2006—2020年相城区胃癌发病和死亡的数据,计算粗发病率/粗死亡率、标化发病率/标化死亡率、年度变化百分比等指标。结果：2006—2020年,苏州市相城区胃癌新发病例为4 751例、死亡3 151例,粗发病率和粗死亡率分别为80.20/10万和53.19/10万,标化发病率和标化死亡率分别为42.19/10万和26.55/10万。2006—2020年,相城区胃癌粗发病率、粗死亡率、标化发病率和标化死亡率整体呈现下降趋势;胃癌平均发病年龄由64.26岁上升至70.22岁,总体呈上升趋势。结论：相城区胃癌发病和死亡呈下降趋势,但仍高于江苏省和全国水平,应继续采取有效措施,切实做好胃癌防控工作。     

An observational study on the incidence of tuberculosis among a cohort of HIV infected adults in a setting with low prevalence of tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a main cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals infected with HIV. We investigated the incidence of TB among a cohort of HIV infected patients attending a setting with low TB burden where screening for latent TB infection is not routinely carried out.

Methods: an observational cohort study on HIV-infected adults attending the HIV clinic at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK between 1 January 2011 and 30 September 2015. Patients with culture-proven TB after HIV diagnosis, or those treated for clinical diagnosis of the infection, were classified as having “active TB”.

Results: 1824 patients were included in the study (5347 patient years of follow up), of whom 21 patients developed TB (16 microbiology confirmed). Of the 666 new HIV diagnoses, six patients developed TB within one month, giving a TB prevalence at the time of HIV diagnosis of 0.9%. The total TB incidence for the remaining 1818 patients was 2.81 cases per 1000 patient years (95% CI: 1.63–4.53). TB incidence was significantly more common among patients with CD4 ≤ 200 cells/mm³ compared to those with CD4 > 500 cells/mm³ (28.2 vs. 1.22 per 1000 patient years, p < 0.001), and in patients with VL ≥ 40 copies/mL compared to <40 copies/mL (8.30 vs. 1.42, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: In settings with low TB prevalence, early start of combined antiretroviral therapy and intensified TB case finding protocols may significantly reduce the incidence of TB.     

1990-2012年广西乙型病毒性肝炎发病趋势分析

目的：分析广西1990—2012年乙型肝炎发病的流行趋势,发现重点人群,进一步探讨防治策略。方法根据历年乙肝报告的发病资料和人口资料,计算年发病率以及性别、年龄别发病率,并建立简单线性回归模型进行统计分析。结果1990—2012年广西共报告乙肝发病581727例,年平均发病率为56.78/10万,男性发病率（75.03/10万）高于女性（36.56/10万）;总体发病率呈上升趋势,但0～9岁年龄组呈显著下降趋势;平均发病年龄呈后移趋势,20～29岁人群发病率最高。结论男性青壮年为乙肝发病的重点人群,预防乙肝应在提高对新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率和阻断母婴传播的基础上,加强对其他人群尤其是高危人群的接种工作。