Rats bred for ethanol sensitivity: Impairment of swimming by ethanol and pentobarbital

Rats selectively bred for disparate degrees of ethanol-induced depression of spontaneous locomotor activity (most affected = MA; least affected = LA) were trained on a swim task. Undrugged rats of the MA line swam significantly faster than rats of the LA line. Ethanol, 0.0–2.25 g/kg i.p., produced dose-dependent increases in swim time in rats of the 13th generation (F13). Averaged over trials, these increases were greater in LA than in MA rats and greater in males than in females, but there was no sex difference in peak impairment. Increases in swim time were uncorrelated with predrug performance. These findings were confirmed in younger F17 rats receiving 1.75 g EtOH/kg i.p. Although the lines differed in ethanol-induced impairment, F17 males of the two lines were not differentially impaired by pentobarbital (12.5–22.5 mg/kg, i.p.). The existence of task-dependent line differences in ethanol sensitivity emphasizes the nonunitary nature of ethanol-induced behavioral depression.     

A neuropsychological investigation of dementia in motor neurone disease (MND)

Different clinical criteria for diagnosing dementia were compared in a sample of 69 patients with motor neurone disease (MND). Participants’ performances on a computerised battery of neuropsychological tests were evaluated to assess the usefulness of these tests in predicting dementia in MND. The results indicated that when diagnostic criteria for frontotemporal (FTD) were used as part of a questionnaire method of diagnosing dementia the incidence of dementia in MND was considerably greater than traditional estimates suggest. Through a series of logistic and multiple regressions the results demonstrated that neuropsychological test performance related well to diagnostic classifications of dementia. MND patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia were likely to demonstrate impaired new learning; poor working memory and planning; slowness in information processing and rigidity in thinking. These features, which are typical of cases of FTD, suggest that the dementia of MND is usefully characterised as a form of FTD. The finding that neuropsychological impairment correlated with behavioural features of dysexecutive impairment in daily living, indicates that the management focus in MND must be broadened to include cognitive/behavioural issues.     

厚朴提取物长期灌胃对小鼠肾脏的损害作用

目的：观察长期服用厚朴甲醇提取物对小鼠肾脏的损害作用。方法：厚朴提取物混悬液0．5ml／鼠(相当于原药材0.25g)给小鼠灌胃，每天1次，于给药后0、1、2、3个月时称体重；用RP—HPLC法测定24h尿、血、肾脏厚朴酚、和厚朴酚量；检查肾功能指标并行肾组织病理学检查。另设生理盐水、空白混悬液对照组。结果：小鼠体重未见明显改变，药物在肾脏排出的半衰期增加1h以上，血清肌酐、尿素氮和补体3及尿蛋白均增加，病理学检查有明显病理改变。结论：长期服用厚朴对小鼠肾脏具有损害作用，肾损害程度与鼠体内厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的浓度呈正相关。     

银杏叶提取物磷脂酰胆碱复合物对缺血大鼠学习记忆障碍的影响

 目的 观察银杏叶提取物磷脂酰胆碱复合物(Gb-PC)对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆功能的影响,并探讨其相关机制。方法 制备VD模型,采用避暗法及水迷宫法评价Gb-PC对VD模型大鼠学习记忆的影响,并测定大鼠海马组织中单胺氧化酶(MAO)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果Gb-PC可以明显改善VD大鼠的学习记忆功能,同时可不同程度抑制海马组织中MAO活性,增强SOD活性,减少MDA含量。结论 Gb-PC对VD大鼠学习记忆功能有一定的改善作用,其机制可能与提高脑组织中抗氧化酶活性,减轻生物膜脂质过氧化损伤以及抑制单胺氧化酶活性有关。     

Impairments, disabilities and handicaps in children and adolescents with epilepsy

The patterns of motor and sensory impairments, disabilities and handicap were assessed in 217 children and adolescents with epilepsy. Motor and sensory dysfunctions were found to be common even in children without major additional neurodisorders such as cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Handicap was most severe in the dimensions of physical independence and orientation and increased significantly with duration of epilepsy. It was more severe when the onset of seizures was early and when secondary generalized seizures were present. Handicap was significantly reduced after epilepsy surgery.     

前列地尔治疗急性中重型脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察前列地尔注射液对超过治疗时间窗的急性中重型脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法采用随机对照方法,将发病2～7d的30例大脑中动脉区中重型脑梗死按1∶2比例分配,对照组10例应用对症治疗的中性疗法,治疗组20例则加用前列地尔注射液治疗。均治疗14d。结果治疗组神经功能缺损减分率、ADL评分、治疗有效率均优于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.025,P<0.0005,P<0.005);在治疗中未发现明显不良反应。结论前列地尔注射液对急性中重型脑梗死有明显疗效,药物安全性能良好,有一定临床推广应用价值。     

肾损伤治疗体会

目的 探讨肾损伤的处理方法。方法 报告肾损伤58例，其中开放性损伤4例，闭合伤54例，复合伤4例。肾挫伤25例，肾裂伤23例，肾碎裂伤8例，肾蒂伤2例。结果 非手术治疗成功50例(86％)，肾切除6例(10.3％)，肾周引流2例(3．4％)。结论 绝大部分肾损伤可经保守治疗治愈。开放性损伤、肾碎裂伤和肾蒂损伤应及早开放手术，时机在伤后3d以内。以尿外渗为主要表现者，单纯肾周引流术不失为一种简单、有效的治疗选择。     

Measurements of preferred walking speed in subjects with central and peripheral vision loss

BACKGROUND: Previous mobility studies have used Preferred Walking Speed (PWS) in order to determine the walking efficiency in terms of the Percent Preferred Walking Speed (PPWS) of visually impaired adults. PWS has been measured in previous studies using the sighted guide (SG) and non-sighted guide (NSG) techniques. This study compared the NSG, SG and string (ST) (subjects walked by holding on lightly to a cardboard tube attached to a piece of string) techniques of measuring PWS in visually impaired subjects. METHODS: Forty visually impaired subjects with central and peripheral vision loss were recruited. PWS was measured using the NSG, SG and ST techniques. For each technique, PWS was determined by recording the time taken for a subject to walk an unobstructed, straight 20-m corridor. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in PWS using the SG, NSG and ST techniques. CONCLUSION: For assessing walking efficiency, either the SG, NSG or ST technique could be employed when measuring PWS in visually impaired subjects.     

Rehabilitation in Charles Bonnet syndrome: a review of treatment options

People with vision loss sometimes experience visual hallucinations associated with Charles Bonnet syndrome. The appearance of these hallucinations often causes anxiety for the sufferer and can be difficult for the attending eye care professional to manage. A review of the literature highlighted a range of visual, pharmacological and social management regimes that may alleviate these hallucinations, albeit using small samples in uncontrolled trials. Eye care practitioners should be aware of methods of rehabilitation in Charles Bonnet syndrome that may lead to resolution of the visual hallucinations.