男大学生艾滋病多元参与式健康教育模式探索

目的探索男大学生艾滋病（Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV）多元参与式健康教育模式。方法以前期调查研究为基础,在全校范围开展干预活动涉及网络教育、专家讲座、艾滋病知识进寝室、现场宣讲和同伴教育大赛等内容。干预前后分别进行分层随机抽样调查。结果本次干预对男大学生艾滋病和男性同性恋部分知识知晓率提升和态度改变显著（P〈0.05）。干预前有70.4%的人认为HIV可通过共用牙刷或剃须刀传播,干预后有81.2%的人同意这一观点。干预前有54.7%的人认为同性恋不是一种病,干预后有66.4%的人同意这一看法。结论在大学生中,尤其重点针对男大学生开展艾滋病多元参与式健康教育活动能有效提升和改善男大学生预防艾滋病的知识和态度,值得进一步完善和推广。     

Unmarried Latino Men who Report Sex with Men: Psychocultural and Demographic Characteristics

Latino men who have sex with other men are disproportionately affected by AIDS/HIV. We describe sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics of a probability sample of 744 unmarried Latino men, comparing men reporting at least one sexual encounter with another man (MSM; 5.5% of sample) with men reporting sex exclusively with women (MSW) or reporting they were not sexually active (NSA). MSM were significantly older, more acculturated, and more educated than others. MSM were more comfortable with sexuality and reported over twice as many sexual partners in the previous year as MSW. MSM always used condoms with 83% of their multiple partners, compared to 50% of MSW. Homophobia and sexual discomfort among MSM may decrease self-efficacy to use condoms.     

在男性同性恋者中开展性健康教育

近年来，国内学者对男性同性恋人群进行了较为深入的调查，从中发现了一些特有的特征。我们将其归纳为表现多样性、年龄导致性活动差异、亚文化现象、乐群性格、被诱导经历及多具有异性婚姻等方面。同时提出了加强中、小学生的性教育和立法；加强整个社会的性健康教育；加强报刊传媒的性教育力度；加强性病门诊、性病咨询门诊的性健康教育力度；突出以性病、艾滋病防治为重点的行为教育等相应对策     

“Homophobia” or homosexual bias reconsidered

Recent investigation into negative reactions to homosexuals has yielded a new concept, homophobia. This concept has been used to describe cultural, attitudinal, and personal biases against homosexuals. Such a broad usage of the concept threatens to restrict understanding of negative reactions to homosexuals, and to restrict more useful investigations into the possible sources of homosexual bias. It is suggested that the concept of homophobia be abandoned in favor of another concept such as homosexual bias, except in rare cases where anxiety arousal leads to overt phobic avoidance. It is hoped that this clarification will open up new areas of investigation and lead to a deeper understanding of negative reactions to homosexuals on social and personal levels.     

Sexual orientation in women: An investigation of hormonal and personality variables

There are conflicting findings from the few existing studies of levels of sex hormones in lesbian and heterosexual women. MacCulloch and Waddington (1981) suggest that levels of certain sex hormones will only be “abnormal” in “primary” lesbians, defined by these authors as those lesbians who have no previous heterosexual experience and who score less than 20 on the heterosexual component of the Sexual Orientation Method questionnaire (SOM). They define secondary lesbians as those who have previous heterosexual experience and who score more than 20 on the heterosexual component of the SOM. In the present study (part of a wider investigation of a large number of variables, Dancey 1990) 40 lesbian women were classified into primary and secondary groups according to the above criteria. These two groups, and another lesbian and a heterosexual group, were measured at the same point in the menstrual cycle for levels of testosterone, androstenedione, oestradiol and progesterone. They were also tested on instrumentality and expressivity, two traits measured by the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ), related to sex roles. No significant differences were found between the groups on any of the measures, apart from the defining criteria. This study has therefore failed to validate the distinction between primary and secondary lesbianism.     

Analysis of homosexual behavior characteristics and influencing factors of male college students in Zhejiang Province

The purpose of this study was to understand the homosexual behavior characteristics and influencing factors of male college students and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of HIV infection in college students.A self-made online questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviors, and interventions of the respondents. The χ² test was performed on the constituent ratios of different groups, and whether homosexual behavior occurred was the dependent variable. Logistic regression was subsequently used to analyze the influencing factors of male homosexual behavior.A total of 2665 students were surveyed, including 219 men who have sex with men, accounting for 8.22% of the sample population. Multivariate analysis revealed the following independent influencing factors of homosexual behavior among male college students: the student''s household registration was Zhejiang Province, the hometown was in the city, accepted male homosexual sex, had temporary sex in the last year, and awareness that the correct use of condoms can reduce the spread and risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Various measures should be enacted to promote human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome education and intervention among college students, especially emphasizing making friends and advocating safe sex to prevent the spread of the disease.     

Transfusion-transmitted virus prevalence in subjects at high risk of sexually transmitted infection in Turkey

Objective   To assess the possible sexual transmission of virus and to identify the prevalence of TTV viremia in Turkey and its association with other hepatotropic viruses.
Methods   Serum samples were collected from 81 subjects (74 prostitutes and seven homosexual men) at high risk of sexually transmitted infection and from 81 healthy controls (74 females and seven males). Sera of patients and controls were tested for TTV, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Also, serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were measured.
Results   The prevalence rates of TTV viremia in the risk group and control group were 86.4% and 82.7%, respectively. There was a statistical difference in mean age between TTV-infected and uninfected subjects (38.6 ± 9.9 versus 32.2 ± 6.1 years, respectively, P  < 0.001). Prevalence rates of TTV infection in subjects with positive anti-HAV and positive anti-HBc were high when compared with subjects who were negative for these.
Conclusion   We suggest that TTV infection has a diverse route of transmission, and its prevalence increases with age; also, the prevalence rate of TTV is high in certain risk groups. The prevalence rates of TTV in the group at risk for sexual transmission (86.4%) and in the control group (82.7%) were among the highest ever reported in the world. Also, we suggest that TTV generally does not cause clinical disease, in spite of this high prevalence.     

High levels of Epstein-Barr virus in the oropharynx: a predictor of disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus infection

The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is not well defined. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence of EBV excretion and the role that EBV might have on HIV disease progression. Fifty-two homosexual males were studied, all of whom had positive EBV serology. Twenty-four of the 27 HIV-seropositive and 14 of the 25 HIV-seronegative subjects had detectable levels of EBV DNA in oropharyngeal cells. In addition to a greater prevalence of detectable EBV, the level of excretion was higher among HIV-seropositives than among HIV-seronegatives, and higher among group III than among group II HIV-seropositive men. These results are consistent with earlier studies showing a relationship between immunosuppression and EBV reactivation. The EBV excretion levels in a control group of 52 age-matched heterosexual males were substantially lower than those found in the homosexual group. In a proportional hazards regression analysis EBV excretion was found to be the best single predictor of progression of HIV infection (P less than 0.001). HIV p24 core antigenemia (P = 0.048) and low EBNA (P = 0.024) were significant predictors independent of EBV excretion. Whether EV directly accelerates the time to progression or is merely a marker of underlying subclinical immunosuppression remains an open question.     

Behavior patterns of child molesters

Despite intense interest in the problem of child sex abuse, base rates for different offense characteristics are poorly defined. The likelihood of otherwise uncorroborated allegations of sexual abuse could be assessed in light of known frequencies of alleged behaviors, if such were available. This paper reviews the current literature on the topic of the specific behaviors of child molesters, along with other epidemiological characteristics, and provides new data drawn from experience with 229 convicted child molesters.This study was supported in part by a grant from the St. Paul Ramsey foundation and by the Intensive Treatment Program for Sexual Aggressives.     

The genetic properties of homosexual copulation behavior inTribolium castaneum: Diallel analysis

The rate of homosexual copulation has been defined as the ratio between the number of homosexual mountings and the total number of mountings (homo and heterosexual) performed by aTribolium castaneum male during a period of 30 min. In a laboratory population, the average rate when a number of males (m) and females (k×m) are tested together has been estimated in each of the six situations defined by m=2 and 10 and k=0.5, 1, and 2, k being the sex ratio among scored individuals. Good agreement was found between the observed rates of homosexual copulation and those expected assuming random contacts between pairs of individuals totally indiscriminate with respect to sex. The genetic properties of the trait have been investigated by means of a diallel analysis of six highly inbred lines derived from the same population and their F₁ crosses. Significant general and specific combining ability effects were detected. When noninbred females were used for testing, the rate of homosexual copulation is expected to be higher for inbred than for noninbred males. This prediction, implying the existence of inbreeding depression for the trait, also was confirmed by the data.