社区-家庭保健员-居民健康教育模式的效果评价

目的通过对比家庭保健员培训前后的基本生理指标,家庭保健员及其家庭成员的生活行为习惯的改善效果,探索家庭保健员在社区卫生健康教育中的作用。方法通过门诊筛选、自愿报名、入户筛选等途径,由石景山区某社区卫生中心及其下属2010—2013年6个社区卫生服务站在辖区内选择符合相关条件的居民进行家庭保健员培训。家庭保健员在培训前、培训结束一年后分别以问卷形式进行健康信息收集采样,对家庭保健员培训前后基本生理指标变化和家庭保健员及其家庭成员生活行为习惯变化、健康知识水平进行统计分析。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果家庭保健员培训前的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白[(24.70±2.08)kg/m2、(146.35±24.34)、(84.32±10.91)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)、(7.03±1.55)mmol/L、(6.55±1.28)%]较培训后[(23.10±1.74)kg/m2、(124.72±10.09)、(76.19±7.10)mmHg、(5.64±0.90)mmol/L、(5.60±0.89)%]差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。家庭保健康员及其家庭成员在培训前、后的生活习惯中,吸烟、体育运动、食盐摄入的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。家庭保健员及其家庭成员的健康知识水平培训前后的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论社区-家庭保健员-居民健康教育模式可以改善慢性病患者的生理指标、改善家庭成员生活习惯、提高健康知识知晓率的作用,值得推广。     

重庆市北碚区高血压患病及其影响因素分析

目的：了解重庆市北碚区居民高血压水平及高血压患病率,探讨高血压的影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取辖区内大于18岁居民1210人,采用集中调查和入户调查相结合的方式进行调查。结果检出高血压患者200例,患病率为16.53％,其中男性患病率16.58％,女性患病率16.47％,男女高血压患病率差异无统计学意义,相同年龄段内男女高血压患病率差异无统计学意义,但无论男女高血压患病率都随年龄增加而升高（男χ2＝66.08,P＜0.01;女χ2＝79.84,P＜0.01）;年龄大、每日食盐摄入量和体重指数超标是高血压患病的危险因素。结论重庆市北碚区居民高血压患病率低于全国平均水平,其发病与年龄、生活习惯、生活方式有关。     

不同产地土鳖虫重金属含量的分析

目的:比较不同产地土鳖虫重金属含量的差异。方法:采用紫外分光光度法,在300nm波长下,测定8个不同产地土鳖虫重金属含量。结果:不同产地土鳖虫中重金属含量存在一定差异,其中山东淄博的土鳖虫重金属含量最高,为55.51μg/g;河北石家庄的最低,为39.19μg/g。结论:本测定结果可为土鳖虫药材的收购养殖及质量评价提供参考。     

Effectiveness to promote weight loss maintenance and healthy lifestyle habits of a group educational intervention program in adults with obesity: IGOBE program

BackgroundTo achieve sustainable weight loss and healthy lifestyle changes is a huge challenge in the fight against obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness to promote weight loss maintenance and healthy lifestyle habits of a group educational intervention program, Group Intervention in OBEsity (IGOBE), compared with a usual care therapy to lose weight.MethodsPatients with obesity (n = 437; 18.5% men, 18–77 years and 40.4 ± 6.7 kg/m²) were randomised into two groups to follow a prospective interventional real-life study: a control group (CG), treated with usual clinical practice, and an intervention group (IG), in which the patients participate in a group intervention program on healthy lifestyle habits with weekly sessions for six weeks, after which a re-evaluation was made at six months and at 12 months of follow-up. After finishing the study dropout rates were 44.6% in CG and 43.4% in IG. Anthropometric, dietetic habits and body composition data were analysed in both groups at the pre-intervention and post-interventions of the subjects by completer’s analysis.ResultsAt 12 months of following IGOBE program, the IG achieved greater weight loss (–7.1% of the initial weight) than the CG, which exhibited a weight gain (3.0% of the initial weight). The body weight change induced in the IG was accompanied by a reduction in fat mass, particularly visceral fat and waist circumference. Relevantly, the IG adhered to a healthy dietary pattern and changed its eating habits, which correlated with the improvement in body weight.ConclusionsIntensive educational group treatment that induces a change of eating habits and adherence to healthy dietary pattern is more effective in a long-term to counteract obesity traits than a standard treatment performed individually. The IGOBE program could be a cost-effective practice in the clinical management of obesity.     

Characteristics associated with parental estimates of sleep duration in children with autism spectrum disorders

BackgroundSleep problems are common in individuals with ASD. This study examined the relationships between bedtime consistency, cognitive functioning, comorbid diagnoses, intervention, demographics and sleep duration in children with ASD.MethodCross-sectional data from 1683 children with ASD in the 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children's Health were analyzed. The sample was 80 % male, 46 % non-Hispanic white, and mean age was 10.5 (SD 4.1) years. All data were parent report. Multiple linear regression was performed.ResultsASD severity was associated with shorter sleep duration, and bedtime consistency was associated with longer sleep duration. Age moderated the effects of both bedtime consistency and ADD/ADHD on sleep duration. Both the positive effect of bedtime consistency and the negative effect of ADD/ADHD on sleep duration became less pronounced with age.ConclusionAlthough the challenges related to sleep and behavior may differ by age of the child, bedtime consistency could be a good target to improve sleep duration for all children with ASD. Future studies, especially longitudinal studies, on sleep habits and sleep hygiene, in conjunction with other measures of sleep patterns (e.g., night wakings) and correlates of sleep problems, may provide further evidence for the importance of good sleep practices and guide sleep treatment in children with ASD.     

Prevalence of and factors associated with current asthma symptoms in school children aged 6–7 and 13–14 yr old in Bogotá, Colombia

This cross‐sectional study of children aged 6–7 years and adolescents aged 13–14 years in Bogotá, Colombia, assessed the prevalence of asthma symptoms and their associations with dietary, health, and behavioral habits. This study is part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)‐phase III. Asthma prevalence among the children was assessed using a parental self‐administered written questionnaire (WQ), and among adolescents using a WQ together with a video questionnaire (VQ). Associations were estimated with bivariate and multivariate analysis. The study found that the 6–7 year age‐group were more likely to report current asthma symptoms than the 13–14 year age‐group (10.4% [WQ] vs. 8.6% [WQ] and 8.0% [VQ], respectively). Factors associated with current asthma symptoms among the 6–7 year age‐group included higher maternal education (OR = 1.7, [95% CI 1.2–2.6], p = 0.007), a cat in the home during the last year (OR = 1.5, [95% CI 1.0–2.3], p = 0.036), watching TV 1–2 hours/day (OR = 2.1, [95% CI 1.2–3.9], p = 0.013), and medication with acetaminophen in the first and most recent year of life (OR = 1.8, [95% CI 1.3–2.4], p < 0.001; OR = 2.2, [95% CI 1.7–2.8], p < 0.001, respectively) or antibiotics in the first year of life (OR = 1.9, [95% CI 1.4–2.5], p < 0.001). Among the 13–14 year age‐group, factors associated with current asthma symptoms included medication with acetaminophen during the last year (OR = 1.8, [95% CI 1.4–2.3], p < 0.001); cereal, milk, and fruit consumption 3 or more times weekly (OR = 1.5, [95% CI 1.1–1.9], p = 0.010; OR = 0.8, [95% CI 0.6–1.0], p = 0.046; OR = 0.6, [95% CI 0.4–1.0], p = 0.031, respectively). Overall, compared with that in other Latin American centers, asthma prevalence in Bogotá is close the lower estimates. However, associations with dietary, health, and behavioral habits need further study to assess their complex relationship with asthma.     

Stress and dietary quality in black adolescents in a metropolitan area

Adolescents from families with low socio‐economic status (SES) experience more stress and have poorer diets than adolescents from families with high SES. This study investigated whether change in dietary quality among urban, black adolescents related to changes in the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Daily Hassles Microsystem Scale (DHMS) while controlling for household income. At two times 1 month apart, 25 adolescents completed a modified Adolescent Food Habits Checklist (AFHC), the PSS and the DHMS. Change scores from time 1 to time 2 for each measure were computed. AFHC change and PSS change had a significant, negative correlation (r = ?0.458, p < 0.05), even when controlling for income (r = ?0.585, p < 0.05). For girls, AFHC change and PSS change had a significant, negative correlation (r = ?0.599, p < 0.05), even when controlling for income (r = ?0.697, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed for boys (r = 0.003, p = 0.993), and when controlling for income (r = ?0.346, p = 0.448). The correlation between AFHC change and DHMS change was not significant. Black adolescent girls, but not boys, tended to make more unhealthy dietary choices when under increased stress. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

父母提示对儿童少年饮食行为的影响

目的 了解父母提示或强迫对城市儿童少年饮食行为的影响，为制定营养教育策略提供科学依据。方法 采用三阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法从广泛，上海，济南和哈尔滨等4个城市，随机选取学龄前儿童和中小学生家长9464名作为调查对象，使用问卷调查子总是或经常服从的比率为38．0％－44．0％；有10．1％－10．9％的父母在就餐时总是或经常强迫孩子吃某种食物，强迫后，孩子总是或经常服从的比率为28．2％－33．5％。结论 城市儿童少年父母就餐时对孩子的提示或强迫会影响孩子的饮食，应在家长中开展营养知识教育，使他们能够正确指导孩子的饮食。     

新疆南部维吾尔族尿石症患者病例对照研究

目的探讨新疆南部维吾尔族泌尿系结石发病的危险因素。方岳采用问卷调查的方式，研究了阿克苏地区90例维吾儿族泌尿系结石患者一般情况及生活习惯、饮食习惯，并对其结石成分进行分析。结果21—50岁为尿结石高发年龄组（74．4％），男性略多于女性，结石患者较对照组多口味偏咸，饮水量较少，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）；结石成分以草酸钙为主者81例（90．0％），磷酸钙结石1例（1．1％），尿酸结石5例（5．6％），磷酸镁铵结石2例（2．2％），胱氨酸结石1例（1．1％）。结论泌尿系结石发病主要受饮食习惯和饮水量的影响。