May biscuits contribute to iron balance? An observation in children with juvenile idiopatic arthritis

Abstract

Within an observational open study on the effects of a scheduled dosage of biscuits with iron, children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis were either supplemented with biscuits supplying iron fumarate (median 3.6?mg per day) or left to their customary dietary habits. After 4 months, supplemented children showed a more favourable percentage change of blood haemoglobin, while ferritin levels (markers of inflammation) remained stable. We conclude that the supply of iron with available dietary products may contribute to an adequate iron status in children with chronic inflammatory disorders in a stable situation.     

广西南宁市健康人群黄曲酶毒素B1暴露影响因素的研究

目的探讨黄曲酶毒素高暴露地区健康人群黄曲酶毒素B1（aflatoxin B1，AFB1）暴露的影响因素，为预防AFB1暴露提供依据。方法以广西南宁市居民为对象，通过问卷调查了解相关资料，采用竞争酶联免疫法检测血浆黄曲酶毒素B1 白蛋白加合物（AFB1 albumin adducts，AAA）水平，采用Bekman LX20 Chemistry Analyzer配套英国Randox公司诊断试剂检测肝功能。结果经济收入低、吸烟、饮酒、食用散装大米、大米保存超过30d、经常在外就餐的人群，AAA水平显著增高（P〈0.05）。结论人们经济收入水平及生活方式与AFB1暴露有关，食用散装大米、经常在外就餐、饮酒是AFB1暴露的危险因素。     

Tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and the influence of family and peer smoking behaviour

Title.  Tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and the influence of family and peer smoking behaviour.
Aim.  This paper is a report of a study assessing tobacco smoking habits among nursing students and how these are influenced by family members and peers.
Background.  Tobacco smoking among nursing students is a serious problem because of the public role model of these future healthcare professionals.
Methods.  The smoking attitude of nursing students attending the 3 year full-time course at the University of Milan in the academic years 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 was investigated. A total of 820 students filled in the self-administered questionnaire and 812 valid questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 87%.
Results.  Forty-four percent of the 812 students were tobacco smokers and 7% former smokers. Among the smoking students 75% had at least one smoking parent, 47% had at least one smoking brother or sister and 87% saw smoking friends.
Conclusion.  There is an urgent need to implement effective anti-smoking measures among nursing students. Decreasing the number of smokers among healthcare professionals would discourage people from smoking and would increase the credibility of anti-smoking campaigns.     

不同产地土鳖虫重金属含量的分析

目的:比较不同产地土鳖虫重金属含量的差异。方法:采用紫外分光光度法,在300nm波长下,测定8个不同产地土鳖虫重金属含量。结果:不同产地土鳖虫中重金属含量存在一定差异,其中山东淄博的土鳖虫重金属含量最高,为55.51μg/g;河北石家庄的最低,为39.19μg/g。结论:本测定结果可为土鳖虫药材的收购养殖及质量评价提供参考。     

培养药师良好药学习惯的实践与体会

目的:培养药师良好的药学习惯,提高药学服务水平。方法:在具体的药学服务实践中,培养药师的工作习惯、卫生习惯、学习习惯和交流习惯。结果:通过培养良好的药学习惯,可使药学人员的服务更加规范,服务质量和水平得到提高。结论:在药学服务中,药学人员只有养成良好的药学习惯,才能更好地发挥作用。     

人体蠕形螨感染与个人卫生习惯关系的Meta分析

目的探讨人体蠕形螨感染与个人卫生习惯的关系。方法采用Meta分析方法对1994年1月1日至2006年12月31日在中国期刊网上检索到的有关混用生活用品者和使用洁面用品者与蠕形螨感染关系的文献进行综合定量评价。结果检索到有关生活用品混用的文献11篇，累计调查人数为9356人，其中经常混用生活用品者5447人，蠕形螨平均感染率为45．82％；不常混用生活用品者3909人，蠕形螨平均感染率为27．71％，二者间的差异有统计学意义（X^2=316．28，P〈0．05），生活用品混用者蠕形螨感染率明显高于不混用者，OR合并为2．49，95％可信区间（95％CI）为[1．94，3.20]。检索到符合使用洁面用品纳入标准的相关文献7篇，总调查人数3230人，其中纳入不使用洁面用品者1476人，蠕形螨的平均感染率为31．44％；使用洁面用品者1754人，蠕形螨的平均感染率为27．25％，二者之间的差异亦有统计学意义（X^2=6．79，P〈0．05），经常使用洁面用品者蠕形螨的感染率显著低于不常使用洁面用品者，OR合并为0.70，95％CI为[0．52，0．93]。结论人体蠕形螨感染与个人卫生习惯有一定的关联性，混用生活用品是蠕形螨感染的危险因素，而使用洁面用品则是蠕形螨感染的保护因素。     

肝吸虫病流行地区人群相关生活习惯及健康知识调查

目的了解顺德地区人群日常生活中与肝吸虫感染相关生活饮食习惯和健康知识的认知。方法采用回顾性调查方法对在杏坛海凌村和勒流龙眼村生活>5年,年龄>6岁的人群进行问卷调查,采用改良加藤氏法进行虫卵检测。结果本次调查合计粪检2440人,肝吸虫虫卵阳性率为60.7%。对部分中重度患者进行B超及肝功能检查,结果B超异常占83.3%,肝功能检查异常占15.9%。检验当地淡水鱼2种,草鱼平均每克鱼肉含囊蚴0.42个;鳙鱼平均每克鱼肉含囊蚴1.2个。本次调查回收有效问卷608份,其中有84.3%调查者表示生熟食物共用同一块砧板;有49.8%调查者曾经进食鱼生;有71.8%的调查者吃火锅时进食未熟姜葱。调查中表示既往有肝胆道疾病的有39例,其中31例检出有感染肝吸虫。本次调查中有8.2%调查者曾接受肝吸虫病检查,有14.0%调查者曾接受驱虫治疗。肝吸虫病相关知识方面:传播肝吸虫病危险食物的知晓率为23.2%;肝吸虫在人体寄生部位知晓率为8.2%;肝吸虫保虫宿主知晓率为25.5%;肝吸虫病临床症状知晓率为39.1%。结论顺德区人群肝吸虫感染仍属高度流行区,当地群众的不良生活及饮食习惯仍是肝吸虫病传播的最主要途径,人群对肝吸虫病相关知识知晓率偏低,对肝吸虫病危害重视不足。今后应该加大防制肝吸虫病的宣传力度,提高人群对肝吸虫病危害的认识。建议政府为群众提供免费药物治疗,通过普及治疗有效降低人群感染率。     

大学生颈椎病120例X线征象分析

目的:探讨大学生颈椎病的X线征象特点及发生机制,寻找其发病原因.方法:收集120例有临床症状,经X线检查诊断为颈椎病的大学生的相关资料,并对其颈椎X线征象进行分析.结果:发现120例颈椎X线征象中,生理曲度异常发生率最高占84.2%,其次为颈椎失稳和椎体退行性改变,分别占21.7%和22.5%.结论:颈椎生理曲度异常是大学生颈椎病最主要的X线表现,其发生、发展与大学生不良的生活习惯有关.     

Greek Immigrant Children in Southern Sweden in Comparison with Greek and Swedish Children II. Meal Pattern and Food Habits

ABSTRACT. Greek immigrant children (GI) belonging to the second generation of immigrants in Sweden have been compared with Swedish children (S) and Greek children in Greece (G) regarding meal pattern and food habits. Interviews were performed in the homes. Meal pattern and frequency of consumption of various food items were studied by 24-hour recalls, and the food frequency interview method. The meal pattern and the distribution of meals and snacks during the day did not show large differences between the groups. In the GI and G groups it was common to start the day with milk and sugar. The same habit was reported before going to bed. It was common in the GI and G groups to have a prepared meal (dinner) relatively late in the evening. Of the S children only 55% had dinner. GI children had a less frequent intake of vegetables compared to S and G children. GI and G children were heavy consumers of sweets and snacks. In conclusion, the Greek immigrant group had food habits similar to those of Greek rural children with few distinctive exceptions. Greek immigrant families had no difficulties in preparing Greek food.     

Nicotine and Cotinine Concentrations in the Nursing Mother and Her Infant

ABSTRACT. Twenty-two smoking mothers and their healthy newborn infants (mean postnatal age of 3.7 days) was studied in the maternity ward. A close correlation was found (r=0.94) between nicotine concentrations in the mothers' plasma and milk after smoking, the milk: plasma ratio being 2.9. The amount of nicotine transferred to the infant increased from 0.09 to 1.03 μg/kg infant body weight when mothers smoked before breast-feeding. The daily dose of nicotine via the mothers' milk was 6 μg per kg infant body weight. Cotinine but not nicotine concentrations in the plasma and milk of the mothers and the urine of the infants reflected the smoking habits of the mothers during pregnancy. There was no correlation between nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the infant's urine and the amount of nicotine given to the infant via the mother's milk.