肠道菌群在炎症相关肠癌中的研究进展

炎症相关肠癌 （CAC） 是世界医学难题, 肿瘤微环境是目前研究的热点, 肠道菌群失调与CAC的发病密切 相关, 肠道菌群失调加重结肠炎诱导CAC的发生。随着微生态学的发展, 肠道菌群在CAC研究中备受关注。本文概 述了CAC发生过程中肠道菌群与饮食、 炎症机制、 肠黏膜的关系以及在诊断、 治疗中相关研究, 重点讨论了肠道菌群 可能成为CAC作用机制的新靶点和相关应用前景。     

Eating out of Home: Influence on Nutrition,Health, and Policies: A Scoping Review

Eating out of home (EOH) is a common practice worldwide but research gaps have been identified. The aims of this review were (a) to find a common definition for EOH, (b) to determine the nutritional contribution of EOH, and (c) to analyze the relationship of EOH with health parameters in adults. Fifty-seven articles were finally selected. The definition of EOH was not harmonized between researchers and the comparison between studies was quite difficult. Restaurant and fast food were the terms most used, followed by chain restaurant, à la carte, sit-down restaurant, eating at table, full service, ready to eat, takeaway, buffet and buffet by weight, bar, cafes, and cafeterias, either alone or attached to at least one of the above. The profile of the main EOH participant was a highly educated, high-income, and unmarried young man. EOH was related to a body mass index (BMI) or being overweight in a different way depending on age, sex, or EOH frequency. A high rate of EOH led to poorer diet quality, characterized by higher intakes of energy, total and saturated fats, sugar, and sodium, as well as lower intakes of fiber, dairy, fruit, vegetables, and micronutrients. Regarding beverages, a higher intake of soft drinks, sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, beer, and other alcohol was observed when EOH. There is a need for a methodological consensus for analyzing the impact of EOH on dietary intake and health to avoid bias. Additionally, measures and policies should be utilized to help consumers to make healthier choices when EOH is compatible with business regarding those running EOH establishments.     

Fractionating the all-or-nothing definition of goal-directed and habitual decision-making

Goal-directed and habitual decision-making are fundamental processes that support the ongoing adaptive behavior. There is a growing interest in examining their disruption in psychiatric disease, often with a focus on a disease shifting control from one process to the other, usually a shift from goal-directed to habitual control. However, several different experimental procedures can be used to probe whether decision-making is under goal-directed or habitual control, including outcome devaluation and contingency degradation. These different experimental procedures may recruit diverse behavioral and neural processes. Thus, there are potentially many opportunities for these disease phenotypes to manifest as alterations to both goal-directed and habitual controls. In this review, we highlight the examples of behavioral and neural circuit divergence and similarity, and suggest that interpretation based on behavioral processes recruited during testing may leave more room for goal-directed and habitual decision-making to coexist. Furthermore, this may improve our understanding of precisely what the involved neural mechanisms underlying aspects of goal-directed and habitual behavior are, as well as how disease affects behavior and these circuits.     

饮食疗法对多囊卵巢综合征患者人体测量学和胰岛素敏感性的影响

目的 探讨饮食干预对多囊卵巢综合征患者体质量及胰岛素敏感性的影响.方法 2009年6月至2010年2月在复旦大学附属妇产科医院内分泌专科门诊入选31例多囊卵巢综合征患者(年龄19 ～30岁),根据体质指数将其分至肥胖多囊卵巢综合征组(n=17,体质指数≥25 kg/m2)和非肥胖多囊卵巢综合征组(n=14,体质指数＜2...     

不良生活习惯对男性精液质量影响的研究进展

近年来男性不育症的发病率越来越高,而精液质量下降是导致不育的重要因素之一,精液质量下降受多种因素的影响,如睾丸发育异常、泌尿生殖道感染、环境污染、不良生活习惯、从事特殊工作以及年龄、季节、禁欲时间等,其中不良生活习惯对男性精液质量的影响越来越突出,不良生活习惯对男性精液质量影响的研究成为生殖医学领域的热点问题之一,基于此,本文梳理了国内外不良生活习惯对男性精液质量影响研究的相关文献。     

连续健康教育对糖尿病患者生活方式的影响

目的 探讨连续健康教育对糖尿病患者生活方式和行为习惯的影响.方法 对62例糖尿病患者进行饮食结构及生活方式评估,根据评估结果进行疾病知识教育、饮食结构及科学生活方式指导.分别于1个月、3个月、6个月调查患者饮食、生活方式、心理状况及血糖水平.结果 护理干预后1个月、3个月、6个月患者饮食、运动、体重、疾病知识掌握、血糖...     

分析探讨唾液pH值及个人生活行为习惯对患龋的影响

目的分析探讨唾液pH值及个人生活行为习惯对患龋的影响。方法筛选2013年1月—2014年1月于该院就诊的普通患者266例,作为研究对象。采集所有患者的唾液并测量其pH指标,调查患者的个人生活行为习惯,其中包括日常饮食、个人卫生及生活状态。并分析唾液pH值及个人生活行为习惯对龋齿发病的影响。结果 pH值由8下降到5时,患龋均数分别为（1.1±0.2）、（3.0±0.7）、（5.5±1.2）、（8.9±1.5）,表示患者唾液pH值越高则其龋齿发生数目、发生率越低;调查结果显示零食食用频率、刷牙次数、个人卫生习惯等均为龋齿发生的相对相关影响因素,在患龋发生率上比较存在显著差异。结论个人生活行为习惯是影响儿童或成年人患龋发生的主要因素,同时唾液pH值可作为龋齿发病的独立危险因素,针对纠正患者唾液pH及改善个人生活行为习惯可有效预防及控制龋齿的发生。