Analysis of Dietary Pattern Impact on Weight Status for Personalised Nutrition through On-Line Advice: The Food4Me Spanish Cohort

Obesity prevalence is increasing. The management of this condition requires a detailed analysis of the global risk factors in order to develop personalised advice. This study is aimed to identify current dietary patterns and habits in Spanish population interested in personalised nutrition and investigate associations with weight status. Self-reported dietary and anthropometrical data from the Spanish participants in the Food4Me study, were used in a multidimensional exploratory analysis to define specific dietary profiles. Two opposing factors were obtained according to food groups’ intake: Factor 1 characterised by a more frequent consumption of traditionally considered unhealthy foods; and Factor 2, where the consumption of “Mediterranean diet” foods was prevalent. Factor 1 showed a direct relationship with BMI (β = 0.226; r² = 0.259; p < 0.001), while the association with Factor 2 was inverse (β = −0.037; r² = 0.230; p = 0.348). A total of four categories were defined (Prudent, Healthy, Western, and Compensatory) through classification of the sample in higher or lower adherence to each factor and combining the possibilities. Western and Compensatory dietary patterns, which were characterized by high-density foods consumption, showed positive associations with overweight prevalence. Further analysis showed that prevention of overweight must focus on limiting the intake of known deleterious foods rather than exclusively enhance healthy products.     

皖西农村地区留守居民饮食习惯及其影响因素调查

目的 调查皖西农村地区留守居民的饮食习惯及其影响因素,为预防和控制一系列慢性病提供线索.方法 采用整群抽样方法从安徽六安三个地区抽取18个行政村,对4 040位留守居民进行饮食习惯问卷调查.结果 共收集有效问卷3 936份.本次调查发现:(1)92.53％的农民饮食规律,98.02％经常吃蔬菜;(2)较少摄入(7.93％～28.38％)酸、甜、油炸、加工食品等食品;(3)农民饮食偏咸(98.98％),爱吃腌制食品(74.87％),米/面等谷物摄入多(80.31％),半数以上农民经常吃肉类、热烫、辛辣等食品;(4)白肉、水果、牛奶等食品摄入很少;(5)性别、年龄、经济收入、文化程度和地区分布是很多饮食习惯的重要影响因素.结论 需重视农村留守居民这一个弱势群体,对农村居民的饮食习惯积极进行健康干预并引导预防和控制相关疾病.     

北京市小学4～6年级在校流动儿童卫生习惯现状及其影响因素

目的初步了解北京市小学4~6年级在校流动儿童卫生习惯的现状,分析影响卫生习惯形成的多方面因素;为进一步完善针对北京市小学在校流动儿童卫生习惯养成的健康教育机制提供依据与指导。方法在大量文献查阅的基础上编制自填式问卷;通过分层整群抽样方法在北京市共6所招收流动儿童为主的小学抽取4、5、6年级户籍为流动人口的小学生共516名,由项目组工作人员现场指导学生进行自填式问卷调查。结果共回收514份有效调查问卷,其中59.92%的流动儿童来自公立小学,40.08%来自私立打工子弟小学,其中男生占53.31%,女生占46.69%。多元线性回归统计结果显示,流动儿童卫生习惯得分女性高于男性(P0.01),公立学校高于私立学校(P0.01),抚养人文化程度好的高于抚养人文化程度差的(P0.05),家庭经济情况好的高于家庭经济情况差的(P0.01),卫生习惯知识掌握好的高于卫生习惯知识差的(P0.01)。结论流动儿童卫生习惯养成受性别、年龄、学校类型、抚养人文化程度、家庭经济情况和卫生习惯知识影响显著,私立打工子弟学校的低年级男学生应作为重点人群,相应组织开展有针对性的健康教育宣传教育工作。     

Dietary habits, ethanol and tobacco consumption as predictive factors in the development of esophageal carcinoma in patients with head and neck neoplasms

SUMMARY.  Patients with primary head and neck cancers have a higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate esophageal cancer prevalence, its risk factors (ethanol and tobacco consumption) and dietary habits in patients with head and neck cancer. Three hundred and twenty-six adults with primary head and neck cancer were followed by a retrospective observational study in a general university hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Flexible videoendoscopy with lugol chromoscopy was the method used to investigate esophageal cancer prevalence. All subjects were interviewed face-to-face, revealing detailed information about their tobacco and alcohol use, as well as their dietary habits. Thirty-six patients with esophageal cancer were diagnosed and the overall prevalence rate was 11.04%. Patients who developed second esophageal tumors had the following characteristics: earlier age of initial ethanol consumption ( P  < 0.05), longer duration period of ethanol consumption ( P  < 0.05) and higher weekly consumption rate ( P  < 0.05). There was an increased risk of esophageal carcinoma in those patients who both smoked and drank ( P  < 0.05). There was no association between carcinoma of the esophagus and dietary habits in patients who developed esophageal neoplasms, compared with those who did not. Prevalence rate of esophageal neoplasms was 11.04% in patients with head and neck carcinoma, whose ethanol consumption was associated with esophageal cancer. There was an increased risk between ethanol and tobacco consumption and esophageal carcinoma development. On the other hand, there was no association regarding dietary habits between patients who developed esophageal cancer and those who did not.     

Descending Perineum Syndrome: Are Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bowel Habits Linked?

PURPOSE This retrospective study evaluates the effect of abdominal hysterectomy on patients affected by descending perineum syndrome. METHODS Eighty-nine female patients affected by descending perineum syndrome and one group of 10 healthy women with normal bowel habits were studied retrospectively. Thirty-two descending perineum syndrome patients (Group 1) had received an abdominal hysterectomy for benign diseases, while 57 descending perineum syndrome patients (Group 2) had not undergone this surgery. All 99 subjects underwent clinical evaluation, computerized anorectal manometry, and defecography. RESULTS Dyschezia was found predominantly in Group 2 subjects (P < 0.05). Fecal incontinence was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P < 0.05). The worst anal resting pressure was found in the incontinent Group 1 patients (P < 0.01). Rectoanal intussusception was a significant defecographic sign in Group 1 subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Clinical evaluation and instrumental data suggested a possible link between fecal incontinence and abdominal hysterectomy in patients affected by descending perineum syndrome.     

Relationship between screen time and sleep among Finnish preschool children: results from the DAGIS study

Study objectivesTo examine the associations between screen time, the time spent on different screen devices, and sleep in a sample of Finnish preschool children.MethodsThe current study analyzed cross-sectional data from the DAGIS study carried out in Finland in 2015–2016 on 736 children aged 3–6 years. Parents reported in a 7-day diary the durations the child used screen devices daily, with separate details about watching TV or DVDs, using tablets or smartphones, and using computers. In addition, parents reported children's bedtimes and wake-up times, which were further used in calculating sleep duration. Parents answered questions regarding their child's sleep consistency. Statistical analyses included adjusted general linear modeling.ResultsAn hourly increase in total screen time was associated with 11 min later bedtime (p < 0.001) and 10 min shorter sleep duration (p < 0.001). More TV/DVD watching was associated with later bedtimes (p = 0.016) and a shorter sleep duration (p = 0.001). More smartphone/tablet use was associated with later bedtimes (p = 0.005), later wake-up times (p = 0.038), and weaker sleep consistency (p = 0.024). More computer use was associated with later bedtimes (p = 0.046). Results did not differ between genders.ConclusionsIncreased screen time was associated with later bedtimes and shorter sleep duration among preschool children. Adverse associations with sleep outcomes were found for each screen device. Attention should be paid to promoting balanced use of screens and regular sleep habits in young children.     

Sleep habits and circadian preferences in school-aged children attending a Mexican double-shift school system

ObjectiveTo determine the differences between sleep habits and circadian preference in school-aged children attending a Mexican double-shift school system.MethodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 400 elementary public-school children (mean age = 10.77, SD = 0.70 y, from fourth, fifth and sixth grades) in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, in northeastern Mexico. Attending a double-shift school system: 200 from the morning shift and 200 in the afternoon shift. Specific questions regarding sleep habits were collected and for circadian preference, the Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) was used.ResultsMultivariate analysis reported no sex differences. Children attending at the morning shift during weekdays rose earlier, reported shorter time in bed and earlier midpoint of sleep than those in the afternoon shift. On weekends, morning shift children went to bed later than afternoon shift. Morning shift reported greater social jetlag, shorter average sleep length and more sleep deficit than afternoon shift. During weekdays and weekends evening type children went to bed later, rose later and reported later midpoint of sleep. Also, evening type reported more social jetlag than morning types.ConclusionThis study suggests that early school start times can have a detrimental effect on Mexican children. Moreover, the morning shift children may be at more risk of poor health due to the higher social jetlag, as well as a higher tendency to be sleep deprived. On the other hand, the afternoon shift represents an important social environment that allows children to follow their natural physiological needs and a more optimal sleep health.     

Circadian typology and implications for adolescent sleep health. Results from a large,cross-sectional,school-based study

Study objectivesTo investigate circadian typology in a large, representative sample of Norwegian adolescents, and its implications for sleep health.MethodsThe sample included 3920 1^st year high school students aged 16–17 years. Respondents completed a web-based survey, including the short version of the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and items on sleep-related behaviors (eg electronic media usage in bed, consumption of caffeinated beverages), sleep beliefs and daytime sleepiness. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs and Chi-squared tests.ResultsIn all, 7.8% were categorized as morning, 52.3% as intermediate and 39.9% as evening types, respectively. Evening types had later sleep timing, longer sleep latency, more social jetlag and shorter school day sleep duration than morning types, with intermediate types displaying a sleep pattern between these two extremes. None of the circadian types met the minimum recommended amount of sleep on school nights (ie 8+ hours), and only morning types had a mean sleep duration of 7+ hours (7:19 h, nearly 1 h more than evening types who slept 6:20 h, p < 0.001). Evening types reported more use of electronic media in bed, more consumption of caffeinated beverages and more daytime sleepiness than the other circadian types. They were also less satisfied with their school day sleep duration and perceived it more difficult to change their sleep pattern.ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that eveningness represents a sleep health challenge for older adolescents.