姜黄素对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及血清microRNA的影响

目的：探究姜黄素对2型糖尿病模型大鼠糖脂代谢影响的特点,并探讨其对糖尿病大鼠血清microRNA（miRNA）的影响。方法：将造模成功的2型糖尿病SD大鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、姜黄素低、中、高剂量组（剂量分别为50,150,250 mg·kg^-1）,连续给药8周。每隔2周于给药前后测定空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（2PBG）;给药前后测糖化血红蛋白水平（HbA1c）;8周末测血脂水平,并对血清中7个miRNA分子的表达量进行检测,以期探讨姜黄素对糖尿病大鼠降血糖的机制。结果：给药8周内,模型组FBG和2PBG值不断升高。姜黄素对糖尿病大鼠FBG和2PBG的显著影响在4周后出现。高剂量组FBG水平在给药4周后开始显著低于模型组（P<0.05）,在给药6周后和8周后所有姜黄素剂量组的FBG水平均显著低于模型组（P<0.01）;在给药4周后3个姜黄素治疗组中2PBG水平明显下降,与模型组比较均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。给药8周后,模型组大鼠HbA1c水平显著高于正常对照组,姜黄素中、高剂量组的HbA1c水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05）,低剂量组HbA1c水平较模型组降低,但无统计学意义;给药8周后,姜黄素各剂量组对TC水平均较模型组明显降低（P<0.01）;姜黄素中、高剂量组对TG水平较模型组明显降低（P<0.01）;姜黄素中、高剂量组对LDL-C水平较模型组也明显降低（P<0.01,P<0.05）;姜黄素组HDL-C水平有一定的升高,但只有高剂量组与模型组比较具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。姜黄素可显著降低模型组大鼠血清中7种miRNAs的表达水平（P<0.01）,以高剂量组效果更加明显。结论：姜黄素给药8周后能够显著降低2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖和餐后血糖水平;并明显改善2型糖尿病大鼠的HbA1c的水平和血脂异常;并对糖尿病大鼠血清中7种miRNAs具有调节作用。     

Concentrations of iron,copper and zinc in human milk and powdered infant formula

Concentrations of iron, copper and zinc were determined in 56 samples of mature human milk from Canarian women and 5 samples of powdered infant formula. According to the literature our data fall within the normal limits in each kind of milk. The mean concentration of Fe, Cu and Zn of powdered infant formula was significantly higher than those concentrations found in the human milks. Significant differences among the concentrations of the studied metals for the milks of considered mothers were observed. The Fe, Cu and Zn intakes of infants fed with human milk are lower than the requirements recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board (1989). However, the infants fed with powdered infant formula had consumed an adequate intake of Fe and Cu. A progressive decrease of the metal concentrations with the lactation stage was observed. The human milk obtained in spring presented Fe and Zn concentrations lower than in autumn, which could be due to changes in nutritional habits of the mothers. Age of mother and number of previous children seem to influence the Zn and Cu concentrations of human milk.     

基于网络药理学的黄精丸干预糖脂代谢紊乱机制研究

目的:探究黄精丸干预糖脂代谢紊乱的机制.方法:从中医药百科全书(ETCM)等数据库和相关文献搜集成分,根据胃肠吸收、P-糖蛋白底物和成药性模拟筛选活性成分,从SwissTargetPrediction等数据库搜集靶点,使用Cytoscape软件构建成分-靶点网络,并进行蛋白相互作用网络分析、GO功能富集和KEGG通路分...     

五味子乙素对2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激和炎症反应的影响

目的 研究五味子乙素（schisandrin B,Sch B）对2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激和炎症反应的影响。方法 采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素及高糖高脂饮食构建2型糖尿病大鼠模型;给药组分别给予Sch B 40,80,120 mg·kg^-1灌胃;对照组和模型组给予2 mL·d^-1生理盐水灌胃,干预8周;称重法检测大鼠体质量变化,全自动化学分析仪检测FBG、TC、TG、HDL和LDL含量,HE染色观察肾损伤,Western blotting检测肾组织caspase-3、caspase-9、Bax、p-ACC、p-AMPK和p-LKB1表达,试剂盒检测血清MDA和SOD的水平,ELISA检测IL-6、IL-1β、IL-18的含量。结果 与模型组大鼠相比,给药组大鼠体质量明显增加,FBG、TC、TG和LDL含量明显减少,HDL含量明显增多,损伤程度明显减轻,caspase-3、caspase-9和Bax的表达明显下调,MDA含量明显减少、SOD活性明显增强,IL-6、IL-1b和IL-18的含量明显减少,p-ACC、p-AMPK和p-LKB1表达明显上调（P均<0.01）。结论 Sch B能够改善2型糖尿病大鼠体质量、糖脂代谢、肾损伤、氧化应激和炎症反应,并激活糖尿病大鼠的AMPK-LKB1信号转导通路。     

探究围绝经期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患者的糖脂代谢、骨密度的变化

目的探讨围绝经期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(SCH)患者糖脂代谢、骨密度(BMD)的变化。方法选取2016年1月至2018年8月在医院内分泌专科就诊的围绝经期SCH患者120例为研究组,另选取同期至我院体检中心体检的围绝经期健康女性120名为对照组。采集2组受试人员空腹静脉血,检测并对比血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT_3)、游离甲状腺素(FT_4)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平;检测并对比2组受试者口服糖耐量及C肽(CP)释放试验中空腹血糖(FPG)、服糖1 h后血糖(PBG1h)、服糖2 h后血糖(PBG2h)水平及各时刻点C肽释放量(CP0h、CP1h、CP2h);检测并对比2组受试者腰椎L_(2-4)、髋部总体、左股骨颈、左股骨大转子骨密度(BMD)水平,采用Pearson相关性分析法评价TSH水平与糖脂代谢、BMD变化的关系。结果研究组TSH、TC、TG、LDL、CP0h、CP1h、CP2h、FPG、PBG1h、PBG2h水平均明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组HDL、腰椎L_(2-4)、髋部总体、左股骨颈、左股骨大转子BMD水平均明显低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者血清TSH水平与血清TC、TG、LDL、FPG、PBG1h、PBG2h、CP0h、CP1h、CP2h水平呈显著正相关(P0.05),研究组患者血清TSH水平与血清HDL、腰椎L_(2-4)、髋部总体、左股骨颈、左股骨大转子BMD水平呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论围绝经期SCH患者糖脂代谢紊乱,BMD降低,且SCH水平与糖脂代谢、BMD有紧密关系。     

Autoantibodies against Forssman glycolipids in Graves'' disease and Hashimoto''s thyroiditis.

Sera from patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis have been shown to react with the Forssman glycolipid antigen (Gb5) using the techniques of high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) immunostaining and ELISA. Human monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been prepared by fusion of human myeloma with peripheral lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease. A MoAb, TRMo-4, reacted strongly and specifically with Gb5. These results suggest that anti-Forssman antibody may be involved in the pathogenesis of these autoimmune diseases. The detection of anti-Forssman glycolipid antibody may provide a useful means for clinical diagnosis and therapy.     

The CD1 family and T cell recognition of lipid antigens

For many years it was thought that T lymphocytes recognized only peptide antigens presented by MHC class I or class II molecules. Recently, it has become clear that a wide variety of lipids and glycolipids are also targets of the T cell response. This novel form of cell-mediated immune recognition is mediated by a family of lipid binding and presenting molecules known as CD1. The CD1 proteins represent a small to moderate sized family of beta2-microglobulin-associated transmembrane proteins that are distantly related to MHC class I and class II molecules. They are conserved in most or all mammals, and control the development and function of T cell populations that participate in innate and adaptive immune responses through the recognition of self and foreign lipid antigens. Here we review the current state of our understanding of the structure and function of CD1 proteins, and the role of CD1-restricted T cell responses in the immune system.     

牛蒡多糖调控糖脂代谢的研究进展

糖脂代谢紊乱与肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、癌症等疾病的发生发展密切相关。多糖是重要的天然活性物质,具有很大的开发潜力,尤其是在抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、调脂等方面引起国内外学者的高度关注。牛蒡多糖是药食同源植物牛蒡Arctium lappa中重要的活性成分之一,近年来被发现具有调节机体脂质代谢、抗氧化、抗炎和调节肠道菌群等多种功能,能预防和改善肥胖、糖尿病和心血管疾病等代谢综合征,是牛蒡改善糖脂代谢紊乱的物质基础。综述了牛蒡多糖在调控糖脂代谢的有益作用,并探讨其潜在的作用机制,以期为牛蒡多糖防治肥胖及相关代谢疾病提供依据,并为牛蒡的开发利用提供新思路。     

橙皮苷生物活性作用及机制研究进展

陈皮始载于《神农本草经》,为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮,别名橘皮。陈皮味苦辛,性温;归肺、脾经,具有“理气健脾,燥湿化痰”的功效。橙皮苷是陈皮黄酮类的主要活性成分之一,其化学结构具有双氢黄酮氧苷结构, 颜色为白色针状晶体,主要存在于芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的成熟果皮中,其生物活性一直受到人们的广泛关注。近年来随着对橙皮苷的深入研究,其许多药理活性为研究所证实并被广泛应用于医药、食品等科学领域。橙皮苷具有抗炎,抗氧化,抗辐射,抗癌,保护心血管系统,改善血糖、脂质代谢,保护神经系统等生物活性作用。本文结合国内外研究现状,总结前人研究成果,综述了橙皮苷部分生物功效及其活性的机制和最新研究进展,分析和展望其未来发展趋势,以期填补橙皮苷生物活性空白领域,为更好地开发、利用橙皮和橙皮苷,结合其生物活性进行动物实验、临床研究、创新开发药物提供依据和思路。