461例乳腺癌患者抑郁症和焦虑症患病现状及其影响因素

目的 探讨新疆乳腺癌患者抑郁症和焦虑症患病现状及其影响因素。 方法 选取2018年1—12月在新疆医科大学第三附属医院住院的所有乳腺癌患者为研究对象,采用抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表开展横断面调查,评价乳腺癌患者合并抑郁症和焦虑症现状,并采用二元logistic回归模型分析乳腺癌患者合并抑郁症或焦虑症的影响因素。 结果 461例乳腺癌患者中抑郁症患者为197例(42.73%),其中轻度、中度和重度抑郁症患者分别为146例(31.67%)、44例(9.54%)、7例(1.52%);焦虑症患者为240例(52.06%),其中轻度、中度和重度焦虑症患者分别为146例(31.67%)、64例(13.88%)、30例(6.51%)。多因素结果显示:未做过化疗(OR=0.355,95%CI:0.165~0.761)、低收入(OR=9.211,95%CI:3.303~25.685)、病程短(OR=7.716,95%CI:1.773~33.577)和每周锻炼≤150 min(OR=2.718,95%CI:1.777~4.155)为乳腺癌合并抑郁症影响因素;农村户籍(OR=1.835,95%CI:1.142~2.957)、病程短(OR=2.208,95%CI:1.377~3.541)和每周锻炼≤150 min(OR=1.939,95%CI:1.303~2.886)为乳腺癌合并焦虑症影响因素。 结论 新疆地区女性乳腺癌患者中抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率较高,应积极采取干预措施,降低患者抑郁、焦虑等负性情绪的发生,提高患者生活质量,改善其预后。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童情绪行为问题与其母亲焦虑状况关联分析

目的 比较孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童与典型发育(TD)儿童母亲的焦虑状况,探索ASD儿童情绪行为问题与其母亲焦虑水平间的关系。方法 通过临床诊断招募55名6~12岁智商≥70的ASD儿童及74名TD儿童,采用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)评估入组儿童母亲的焦虑情况,采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)评估两组儿童情绪行为问题及表现。结果 ASD儿童组母亲状态焦虑得分与特质焦虑得分高于TD组母亲(t=5.272、4.484、P<0.05),ASD儿童SDQ困难总分及多动/注意力缺陷、情绪症状、同伴交往问题及品行问题因子得分高于TD组儿童(t=10.791、7.482、4.295、12.925、3.544),亲社会行为因子分(t=5.084)低于TD组儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。校正混杂因素后,ASD组母亲状态、特质焦虑得分与儿童困难总分 [S-AI: β=0.83 (95%CI: 0.19~1.46); T-AI: β=0.60 (95%CI: 0.05~1.14)]、情绪症状 [S-AI: β=2.28 (95%CI:0.72~3.84); T-AI: β=2.04 (95%CI: 0.74~3.33)]存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。TD组母亲状态焦虑得分与儿童困难总分 [β=0.50 (95%CI: 0.03~0.96)]、品行问题 [β=1.74 (95%CI: 0.19~3.30)]存在正相关关系;特质焦虑得分与品行问题 [β=1.54 (95%CI: 0.09~3.00)]存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 ASD儿童母亲比TD儿童母亲更容易出现焦虑。其中ASD儿童母亲的焦虑水平与儿童情绪问题有关,TD儿童母亲的焦虑水平与儿童品行问题有关。     

焦虑在家庭亲密度与发育迟缓儿童自我意识关系间的中介效应分析

目的 调查发育迟缓儿童的自我意识水平,并探讨焦虑在家庭亲密度与自我意识的中介作用。方法 采取便利抽样法,于2019年7月—2021年4月抽取辽宁省某医院儿科门诊就诊和复查的200例发育迟缓儿童作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、家庭亲密度与适应性量表(FACES-Ⅱ)、儿童焦虑量表与儿童自我意识量表进行调查。结果 200例发育迟缓儿童的自我意识总分为45.87±4.15,FACES-Ⅱ得分与自我意识总分呈负相关 (r＝-0.607,P＜0.01);FACES-Ⅱ得分与儿童焦虑呈正相关(r=0.416,P＜0.001);儿童焦虑与自我意识呈负相关(r＝-0.367,P＜0.01)。中介效应检验结果显示,儿童焦虑在家庭亲密度对自我意识之间存在显著的部分中介效应,95%CI为(-0.257,-0.043)。中介效应值为-0.077,占总效应的9.50%。 结论 发育迟缓儿童自我意识较低,要重点关注对儿童焦虑情绪的疏导,营造良好的家庭氛围和融洽的亲子关系,提高发育迟缓儿童心理健康与自我意识水平。     

人际心理治疗48例有儿童期虐待史大学生的焦虑障碍效果分析

目的 研究儿童期创伤焦虑障碍大学生接受人际心理治疗(IPT)的效果。方法 将某高校心理健康咨询中发现的、符合研究标准的48例焦虑障碍大学生用抛币法随机分组,治疗组25例和对照组23例,对治疗组实施IPT,在入组时和治疗结束后分别对患者进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、功能大体评定量表(GAF)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、不安全感心理自评量表(SRFIS)和抑郁症状清单评估。结果 治疗因素和时间因素分别对焦虑自评分、抑郁清单总分、大体功能分、心理不安全感分和心理弹性分存在主效应作用(F=7.407～295.961,P<0.05),且治疗因素和时间因素存在交互作用(F=5.262～81.958,P<0.05)。相关分析发现,治疗后抑郁清单总分减少值、焦虑自评分减少值、大体功能分增加值分别与治疗后心理不安全感减少值、心理弹性分增加值呈正相关(r=0.456～0.894,P<0.05)。结论 IPT能够改善48名儿童期创伤焦虑障碍患者的焦虑抑郁症状和心理社会功能,病情的改善程度与患者心理不安全感的减轻和心理复原力的增强有关。     

Ghrelin as a Biomarker of Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone which favors food-seeking behavior and has been postulated to be a biomarker of stress. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the evolution of ghrelin levels following acute stress. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for studies reporting ghrelin levels before and after acute stress in humans. Results: We included ten studies for a total of 348 patients. Acute stress (intervention) was always in a laboratory. Acute stress was psychological (Trier Social Stress Test), physical, or mixed (cold pressure test). The overall meta-analysis demonstrated an increase in ghrelin after the stress intervention (ES = 0.21, 95CI 0.09 to 0.34) compared with baseline levels. Stratification by time demonstrated an acute increase in ghrelin levels in the five minutes immediately following the initiation of stress (0.29, 0.10 to 0.48) but without any difference after. Obese individuals had a more significant (ES = 0.51, 95CI 0.18 to 0.84) and prolonged increase in ghrelin levels for up to 45 min compared with non-obese individuals who had a significant increase only five minutes after stress. Moreover, the ghrelin levels increased in response to stress with BMI (coefficient 0.028, 0.01 to 0.49; p = 0.013) and decreased with the time after the stress intervention (coefficient -0.007, −0.014 to −0.001; p = 0.025). Conclusion: Ghrelin is a biomarker of stress, with a short-term increase following acute stress. Obese individuals have both a higher and prolonged response, emphasizing the link between obesity and stress.     

Wellbeing of Breastfeeding Women in Australia and New Zealand during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

During the COVID-19 pandemic, breastfeeding women have experienced restricted access to support, placing them at increased risk of mental health concerns and limited breastfeeding assistance. This study investigated the effect of the pandemic on feeding choices and maternal wellbeing amongst breastfeeding mothers living in Australian and New Zealand. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey that examined feeding methods, maternal mental wellbeing, worries, challenges, and positive experiences during the pandemic. Most women were exclusively breastfeeding (82%). Partial breastfeeding was associated with perceived low milk supply and longer pregnancy duration during the pandemic. Reduced mental health and wellbeing was associated with lower levels of family functioning, increased perceived stress, and perinatal anxiety. Longer pregnancy duration during the pandemic was associated with lower mental health wellbeing scores, while higher perceived stress scores were reported for regions with higher COVID-19 infection rates and women with perceived low milk supply. Women reported that the pandemic resulted in less pressure and more time for family bonding, while worries about the pandemic, family health, and parenting challenges were also cited. Mental health concerns of breastfeeding women appear to be exacerbated by COVID-19, highlighting a critical need for access to mental health and broader family support during the pandemic.     

A Systematic Review of the Dietary Choline Impact on Cognition from a Psychobiological Approach: Insights from Animal Studies

The influence of dietary choline availability on cognition is currently being suggested by animal and human studies which have focused mainly on the early developmental stages. The aim of this review is to systematically search through the available rodent (rats and mice) research published during the last two decades that has assessed the effect of dietary choline interventions on cognition and related attentional and emotional processes for the entire life span. The review has been conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines covering peer-reviewed studies included in PubMed and Scopus databases. After excluding duplicates and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria we have reviewed a total of 44 articles published in 25 journals with the contribution of 146 authors. The results are analyzed based on the timing and duration of the dietary intervention and the behavioral tests applied, amongst other variables. Overall, the available results provide compelling support for the relevance of dietary choline in cognition. The beneficial effects of choline supplementation is more evident in recognition rather than in spatial memory tasks when assessing nonpathological samples whilst these effects extend to other relational memory tasks in neuropathological models. However, the limited number of studies that have evaluated other cognitive functions suggest a wider range of potential effects. More research is needed to draw conclusions about the critical variables and the nature of the impact on specific cognitive processes. The results are discussed on the terms of the theoretical framework underlying the relationship between the brain systems and cognition.     

Probiotic Supplementation and High-Intensity Interval Training Modify Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Corticosterone in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice

Evidence supports the role of exercise training and probiotics on reducing obesity. Considering the relationship between obesity and high-fat diet with anxiety indices, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anxiety-like behaviors, corticosterone and obesity indices in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice. Thirty male adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: (1) Control with normal diet (CON), (2) High-fat diet (HFD), (3) HFD + exercise training (HT), (4) HFD + probiotics supplement (HP) and (5) HFD + exercise training +probiotics (HTP). Exercise training consisted of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs. Probiotics supplement included 0.2 mL Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured by open field (OF) and Elevated plus maze (EPM). OF and EPM tests, visceral fat mass (VFM) measurement, and blood sampling for corticosterone were performed after the intervention. Bodyweight was measured at different stages during the intervention. HFD regime in C57BL/6 mice increased bodyweight, VFM, and serum corticosterone levels and anxiety-like behaviors (p < 0.05). HIIT, probiotic and their combination, decreased bodyweight, VFM, and serum corticosterone levels and improved anxiety-like behavior in the HFD mice (p < 0.05). The effect of a combination of HIIT and probiotic on most of the anxiety indices was more than each one separately (p < 0.5). HIIT and probiotic supplements separately or above all in combination, may have beneficial effects in reducing obesity and anxiety indices.     

Hybrid Approach to Estimation of Underreporting of Tuberculosis Case Notification in High-Burden Settings With Weak Surveillance Infrastructure: Design and Implementation of an Inventory Study

BackgroundThe greatest risk of infectious disease undernotification occurs in settings with limited capacity to detect it reliably. World Health Organization guidance on the measurement of misreporting is paradoxical, requiring robust, independent systems to assess surveillance rigor. Methods are needed to estimate undernotification in settings with incomplete, flawed, or weak surveillance systems. This study attempted to design a tuberculosis (TB) inventory study that balanced rigor with feasibility for high-need settings.ObjectiveThis study aims to design a hybrid TB inventory study for contexts without World Health Organization preconditions. We estimated the proportion of TB cases that were not reported to the Ministry of Health in 2015. The study sought to describe TB surveillance coverage and quality at different levels of TB care provision. Finally, we aimed to identify structural-, facility-, and provider-level barriers to notification and reasons for underreporting, nonreporting, and overreporting.MethodsRetrospective partial digitalization of paper-based surveillance and facility records preceded deterministic and probabilistic record linkage; a hybrid of health facilities and laboratory census with a stratified sampling of HFs with no capacity to notify leveraged a priori knowledge. Distinct extrapolation methods were applied to the sampled health facilities to estimate bacteriologically confirmed versus clinical TB. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used to identify causal factors responsible for undernotification and test the acceptability of remedies.ResultsThe hybrid approach proved viable and instructive. High-specificity verification of paper-based records in the field was efficient and had minimal errors. Limiting extrapolation to clinical cases improved precision. Probabilistic record linkage is computationally intensive, and the choice of software influences estimates. Record absence, decay, and overestimation of the private sector TB treatment behavior threaten validity, meriting mitigation. Data management demands were underestimated. Treatment success was modest in all sectors (R=37.9%–72.0%) and did not align with treatment success reported by the state (6665/8770, 75.99%). One-fifth of TB providers (36/178, 20%) were doubtful that the low volume of patients with TB treated in their facility merited mastery of the extensive TB notification forms and procedures.ConclusionsSubnational inventory studies can be rigorous, relevant, and efficient in countries that need them even in the absence of World Health Organization preconditions, if precautions are taken. The use of triangulation techniques, with minimal recourse to sampling and extrapolation, and the privileging of practical information needs of local decision makers yield reasonable misreporting estimates and viable policy recommendations.     

Views about integrating smoking cessation treatment within psychological services for patients with common mental illness: A multi‐perspective qualitative study

BackgroundTobacco smoking rates are significantly higher in people with common mental illness compared to those without. Smoking cessation treatment could be offered as part of usual outpatient psychological care, but currently is not.ObjectiveTo understand patient and health care professionals'' views about integrating smoking cessation treatment into outpatient psychological services for common mental illness.DesignQualitative in‐depth interviews, with thematic analysis.ParticipantsEleven Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) psychological wellbeing practitioners (PWPs), six IAPT patients, and six stop smoking advisors were recruited from English smoking cessation, and IAPT services.ResultsPatients reported psychological benefits from smoking, and also described smoking as a form of self‐harm. Stop smoking advisors displayed therapeutic pessimism and stigmatizing attitudes towards helping people with mental illness to quit smoking. PWPs have positive attitudes towards smoking cessation treatment for people with common mental illness. PWPs and patients accept evidence that smoking tobacco may harm mental health, and quitting might benefit mental health. PWPs report expertise in helping people with common mental illness to make behavioural changes in the face of mood disturbances and low motivation. PWPs felt confident in offering smoking cessation treatments to patients, but suggested a caseload reduction may be required to deliver smoking cessation support in IAPT.ConclusionsIAPT appears to be a natural environment for smoking cessation treatment. PWPs may need additional training, and a caseload reduction. Integration of smoking cessation treatment into IAPT services should be tested in a pilot and feasibility study.Patient or public contributionService users and members of the public were involved in study design and interpretation of data.