Entrainment of vastus medialis complex activity differs between genders

Introduction: That the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) is a functional unit of the vastus medialis (VM) is disputed. Delayed VMO activation predicts patellofemoral pain, which has higher rates in women. Methods: Single MUs and surface electromyogram (EMG) were collected from the VMO and VM of 9 men and 9 women. Men were tested once; women were tested during 5 menstrual phases. Coherence was assessed for motor unit (MU) firings within and between the VM and VMO using multilevel logistic models to determine statistical significance. Results: Compared with women, men have 741% (MU pairs) and 256% (MU‐EMG pairs) greater odds of common drive (0–5 Hz ) coherent oscillations. MU pairs from the VMO and the dual VM/VMO complex have 228% and 212% greater odds of coherent oscillations in the beta band (15–35 Hz ) compared with VM pairs. Conclusions: The VM and VMO are neurologically different muscles; control of the VM complex is sexually dimorphic. Muscle Nerve 53 : 633–640, 2016     

焦虑抑郁状态对智齿冠周炎复发的影响

 目的 探讨焦虑抑郁状态对非外科手术治疗的智齿冠周炎复发的影响。方法 选择就诊于中日友好医院口腔医学中心的首发非外科治疗的智齿冠周炎患者,通过发放电子问卷收集如下信息:人口学信息、焦虑量表(GAD-7)和抑郁量表(PHQ-9)。半年后对随访患者的复发情况进行统计,采用多因素logistic回归分析智齿冠周炎复发与患者发病时情绪状态的关系。结果 共收集568份有效问卷,其中7.0%患者存在焦虑状态(GAD-7≥10),13.7%存在抑郁状态(PHQ-9≥10),半年后随访智齿冠周炎的复发率为11.4%。分析智齿冠周炎6个月后复发情况发现,男性的风险低于女性(OR=0.416,P＜0.05),焦虑增加了智齿冠周炎的复发风险(OR=1.124,P＜0.05)。结论 口腔医师应关注患者焦虑抑郁情绪状态,有助于智齿冠周炎的预防和治疗。     

Train hard and well but train intelligently: a comment on 'Operative experience of urological trainees in the UK'

Study Type – Prognosis (cohort) Level of Evidence 2a What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Married individuals have lower morbidity and mortality rates for all major causes of death. Cancer‐specific survival is better in married patients with testis cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, as well as head and neck cancers. We have found the effect of marital status on outcomes after radical cystectomy to be variable, depending on gender and the outcome addressed. Being married is predictive of lower all‐cause mortality for both men and women relative to their separated, divorced or widowed (SDW) or never‐married counterparts. It is also predictive of lower bladder‐cancer‐specific mortality relative to SDW individuals. Marriage also exerts a protective effect on men regarding non‐organ‐confined disease, with those never having married having significantly higher rates.

OBJECTIVES

• ? To examine the effect of marital status (MS) on the rate of non‐organ‐confined disease (NOCD) at radical cystectomy (RC)
• ? To assess the effect of MS on the rate of bladder‐cancer‐specific mortality (BCSM) and all‐cause mortality (ACM) after RC for urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

• ? A total of 14 859 patients, who underwent RC for UCUB, were captured within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, between 1988 and 2006.
• ? Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the rate of NOCD (T_3‐4/N_I‐3/M₀) at RC and Cox regression analyses were used to assess BCSM and ACM.
• ? Analyses were stratified according to gender; covariates included socio‐economic status, tumour stage, age, race, tumour grade and year of surgery.

RESULTS

• ? Never‐married males had a higher rate of NOCD at RC (odds ratio = 1.22, P= 0.004), an effect not found in never‐married females.
• ? Separated, divorced or widowed (SDW) males (hazard ratio [HR]= 1.18, P= 0.005) and females (HR = 1.16, P= 0.002) had higher rates of BCSM than their married counterparts.
• ? SDW and never‐married males had higher rates of ACM than their married counterparts (HR = 1.22, P < 0.001 and HR = 1.26, P < 0.001, respectively).
• ? SDW and never‐married females also had higher rates of ACM than married females (HR = 1.24, P < 0.001 and HR = 1.22, P= 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

• ? For both men and women, being SDW conveyed an increased risk of BCSM after RC.
• ? SDW and never marrying had a deleterious effect on ACM.
• ? Unfavourable stage at RC was also seen more commonly in never‐married males.

     

中国精神分裂症患者认知能损害性别差异的P300证据

目的:用Meta分析系统评价中国精神分裂症（分裂症）患者的认知电位P300的性别差异。方法:计算机检索中英文数据库,收集对比男性和女性分裂症患者P300潜伏期和波幅的研究文献,按照匹配原则评价纳入研究的质量。采用Meta分析计算男性和女性分裂症患者P300潜伏期和波幅性别差异的标化加权均数差（SMD）。结果:合计9项研究（300例男性和269例女性患者）纳入Meta分析,其中5项为高质量研究。男性患者的P300潜伏期长于女性患者,但P300波幅短于女性患者,其SMD分别为0.28（95%CI: 0.11, 0.44）和-0.56（95%CI: -0.89, -0.23）,差异均具有统计学意义（P =0.003和P =0.001）。结论:中国分裂症患者P300潜伏期和波幅存在显著的性别差异。     

我院近8年甲状腺疾病住院患者两性间流行病学资料比较

目的 比较分析我院近8年甲状腺疾病住院患者两性间的流行病学特征.方法回顾性分析本院2004~2011年住院甲状腺疾病患者的资料.结果 8年间第一诊断为甲状腺疾病的住院患者共1997例,其中女性1455例,占72.86%,男性542例,占27.14%,男女比例差异有统计学意义.住院次数、年龄、婚姻状况、疾病分布、治愈率、手术率均有明显性别间差异,男性发病年龄高峰在30岁之前,而女性发病高峰在31~50岁.结论 我院住院甲状腺疾病患者流行病学特征有明显性别差异.     

基于社会生态系统理论的阴茎癌患者患病体验的质性研究

目的 了解阴茎癌患者的患病体验,为制定针对性的护理干预提供借鉴。方法 以社会生态系统理论为理论框架,采用目的抽样法选取11例阴茎癌患者为访谈对象,基于现象学研究对其进行面对面半结构式访谈并收集资料,采用定向内容分析法对资料进行处理与分析。结果 共归纳出3个主题,10个亚主题,即微观系统（舒适改变、实际需求未得到满足、持续的负性情绪、就医延迟）,中观系统（经济负担沉重、角色缺失、家庭关系紧张）,宏观系统（缺乏信息支持、就医体验及诊疗水平待改善、社会压力）。结论 阴茎癌患者的社会生态系统状况存在诸多问题,医护人员应重视疾病给患者身心健康带来的改变,采取有效措施以满足患者身心健康需求,维持其社会生态系统的稳定。     

The clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma in female patients

Objective:   To investigate the clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in female patients.
Methods:   The clinical characteristics including sex, age at diagnosis, histological tumor size, histological subtype, Fuhrman nuclear grade and pathological tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage of 881 consecutive patients treated with (partial) nephrectomy for RCC from 1998 to 2006 were analyzed. Characteristics of different gender groups and different female age groups were compared. The one-way anova and t -test were used to compare means. Pearson's χ²-test and the likelihood ratio test were used to compare ratios.
Results:   Low-grade tumors accounted for 79.3% of female patients and 64.1% of male patients ( P  < 0.001). The percentage of stage T1–2 was 76.6% in female patients while it was only 68.5% in male patients ( P  = 0.011). Also, female patients had more T1–2N0M0 tumors (73.0% vs 64.3%, P  = 0.009). Once female patients were classified into three groups according to age diagnosis (≤40, 41–59 and ≥60 years) young female patients seemed to have more tumors with unfavorable histology (8.7% vs 5.1% vs 4.3%), Fuhrman grade 3–4 (23.9% vs 23.1% vs 17.7%) and stage T3–4 (28.3% vs 23.1% vs 22.0%).
Conclusion:   Compared with male patients, female patients had lower stage and grade tumors. However, younger female patients had more tumors with unfavorable histology, and higher stage and grade compared to older female patients.