《伤寒论》对多脏器功能障碍综合征治疗的启示

《伤寒论》以六经为纲,以证候为目,不仅叙述了外感伤寒热病的六经传变发病过程,也充分揭示了机体多系统疾病的发生、发展与结局的内在机制。认为伤寒热病的急性发病规律与六经中不同的传变机制,和现代医学多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)相似。其中的急下证、蓄血证、蓄血发黄证等,均与MODS不同的器官损伤密切相关。深入研究《伤寒论》辨治规律与MODS的相关性,对于拓宽MODS的临床治疗途径,具有重要意义。     

热性惊厥对大鼠情感行为及学习记忆的影响

【目的】　探讨热性惊厥对大鼠情感行为及学习记忆能力的影响。　【方法】　 3 6只雄性SD (Spraque Dawley)大鼠随机分为热性惊厥组 (febrileseizuresgroup ,FS) ,发热对照组 (febrilecontrolgroup ,FG)及正常对照组 (nor malcontrolgroup ,NG)。观察各组大鼠在旷场试验 (openfieldtest ,OFT)、避暗试验 (passiveavoidancetest,PAT)以及在Morris水迷宫 (Morriswatermaze ,MWM )试验中情感行为及学习记忆能力的改变。　【结果】　FS组大鼠与NG、FG组相比 :在OFT中穿格得分分值 ( 3 7.48± 7.0 9)降低 ,后肢性站立的次数 ( 12 .11± 4.41)减少 ,排出粪便粒数 ( 10 .62±2 .3 2 )增多 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;在PAT中 ,FS组大鼠犯错次数 ( 4 .0 2± 1.2 9)增加 ,且记忆潜伏期 [( 169.71± 10 3 .2 2 )秒 ]缩短 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;在Morris水迷宫试验中 ,FS组大鼠搜寻站台的逃逸潜伏期明显延长 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。　【结论】　多次热性惊厥发作可使大鼠的情感行为和学习记忆能力受损     

卡马西平和托吡酯联合治疗复杂部分性癫痫29例

目的观察卡马西平和托吡酯联合治疗复杂部分性癫痫的临床疗效及安全性.方法对29例患儿在单用卡马西平治疗的基础上,加用托吡酯联合治疗.结果加用托吡酯后疗效明显,总有效率达69%,发作完全控制率占38%.结论研究结果表明,两药联合治疗复杂部分性癫痫是安全有效的.     

《温疫论》对中医感染病学的影响

目的探讨温疫论对中医感染病学的影响。方法从病因、病机、治疗等方面探讨《温疫论》在传染病、感染性疾病的病因方面首创的杂气致病之说。结果对感染性疾病的辨证,《温疫论》首次提出温病的辨证与伤寒不同,不可沿用六经辨证的方法套用温疫的辨证,为以后的温病学派提出的卫气营血辨证奠定基础;对感染性疾病治疗,基于杂气致病的认识,提出有针对性的治疗,主张汗、吐、下等攻击性的祛邪疗法,并首用达原饮直捣温疫窝巢之害。结论这些对温病的因、机、证、治的认识开中医防治传染病、感染性疾病的先河;为温病学说的创立打下基础,对急性传染性、感染性疾病的中医临床辨证与治疗具有深刻的影响。     

高热惊厥患儿视听诱发电位的研究

【目的】获得一组高热惊厥（febrile convulsion，FC）患儿的视听同步诱发电位的试验室参考值，与同时检测的听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response，ABR）和闪光视觉诱发电位（flash visual evoked potentials，FVEP）进行对比，讨论视听同步诱发电位的特点，为临床早期同步发现并诊断婴幼儿视听功能障碍提供有力的电生理技术支持。【方法】30例1～3岁FC患儿，于惊厥24h内和惊厥一周后分别进行单独ABR、FVEP和视听同步诱发电位的检测。【结果】①2～3岁组FC患儿单独ABR各波的潜伏期、波问期及单独FVEP各波潜伏期均长=F其它年龄组；②同步ABR—FVEP各波在同步诱发后波形分化良好，潜伏期稳定，较单独ABR和单独FVEP检测波变得更易辨认；③2～3岁组FC患儿同步FVEP—ABR各波的潜伏期、波问期均长于其它组；④FVEP在同步诱发电位中占主导地位，对同步ABR潜伏期影响显著；⑤FC患儿同步ABR和同步FVEP的标准差较单独ABR和FVEP减小，同步ABR和FVEP的异常率较单独ABR和FVEP的异常率有明显提高。【结论】同步诱发电位可早期发现并诊断FC患儿视听功能障碍。     

从中医药治疗新传染病论温病学的现代发展

回顾中医温病学科的发展历史,结合现代中医药治疗新出现的传染病的临床实际,从“温病”范畴的扩大、“温邪”认识的深入以及相应治法的出现等方面探讨现代温病学的发展趋势。     

中医药治疗老年患者新型冠状病毒肺炎探讨

老年是新型冠状病毒肺炎危重症患者的主要群体,其具有五脏皆虚、真邪相攻、情绪波动的体质特点。在本次疫情中,“湿”“毒”“虚”相互兼杂,中医辨治应以卫气营血、三焦辨证为主体,兼顾少阳枢机。结合对住院老年患者的临证体会,将本病辨治分为四期七证加以论述。初期多毒伏膜原、中焦受困,或湿毒犯卫、游溢经络,或毒陷少阳、枢机不利;进展期多湿毒化热、熏灼气分,或湿毒化热、入营伤血;危重症期多邪盛正弱,甚或内闭外脱;恢复期可见气阴两虚、湿毒余留。治疗应“重视湿邪”“贯穿解毒”“兼顾体虚”。老年新型冠状病毒肺炎患者相对其他患者既有病机病性的共性,也存在明显的个体化差异,临床既有专病专方的论治,亦应区分进行个性化的辨证论治。     

Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia and Febrile Neutropenia in the US: A Beast of Burden That Needs to Be Tamed?

Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) are common complications of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. This review provides an up-to-date assessment of the patient and cost burden of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia/FN in the US, and summarizes recommendations for FN prophylaxis, including the interim guidance that was recommended during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review indicates that neutropenia/FN place a significant burden on patients in terms of hospitalizations and mortality. Most patients with neutropenia/FN presenting to the emergency department will be hospitalized, with an average length of stay of 6, 8, and 10 days for elderly, pediatric, and adult patients, respectively. Reported in-hospital mortality rates for neutropenia/FN range from 0.4% to 3.0% for pediatric patients with cancer, 2.6% to 7.0% for adults with solid tumors, and 7.4% for adults with hematologic malignancies. Neutropenia/FN also place a significant cost burden on US healthcare systems, with average costs per neutropenia/FN hospitalization estimated to be up to $40 000 for adult patients and $65 000 for pediatric patients. Evidence-based guidelines recommend prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), which have been shown to reduce FN incidence while improving chemotherapy dose delivery. Availability of biosimilars may improve costs of care. Efforts to decrease hospitalizations by optimizing outpatient care could reduce the burden of neutropenia/FN; this was particularly pertinent during the COVID-19 pandemic since avoidance of hospitalization was needed to reduce exposure to the virus, and resulted in the adaptation of recommendations to prevent FN, which expanded the indications for G-CSF and/or lowered the threshold of use to >10% risk of FN.