Comparison of Intravenous versus Topical Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Study

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical Tranexamic Acid (TXA) versus Intravenous (IV) Tranexamic Acid for reduction of blood loss following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This prospective randomized study involved 89 patients comparing topical administration of 2.0 g TXA, versus IV administration of 10 mg/kg. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to patient demographics or perioperative function. The primary outcome measure, perioperative change in hemoglobin level, showed a decrease of 3.06 ± 1.02 in the IV group and 3.42 ± 1.07 in the topical group (P = 0.108). There were no statistical differences between the groups in preoperative hemoglobin level, lowest postoperative hemoglobin level, or total drain output. One patient in the topical group required blood transfusion (P = 0.342). Based on our study, topical Tranexamic Acid has similar efficacy to IV Tranexamic Acid for TKA patients.     

The joint impact of donor and recipient parameters on the outcome of heart transplantation in Germany after graft allocation

Organ shortage in heart transplantation (HTx) results in increased use of grafts from donors with substantial risk factors. It is discussed controversially which donor characteristics may be detrimental. Therefore, we evaluated the joint impact of donor‐ and patient‐related risk factors in HTx on patient survival by multiple analysis in a nationwide multicentre study after donor selection was carried out. The research database consists of data concerning hearts donated and transplanted in Germany between 2006 and 2008 as provided by Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation and the BQS Institute. Multiple Cox regression (significance level 5%, hazard ratio [95% CI]) was conducted (n = 774, recipient age ≥ 18 years). Survival was significantly decreased by donor age (1.021 [1.008–1.035] per year), nontraumatic cause of death (1.481 [1.079–2.034]), troponin >0.1 ng/ml (2.075 [1.473–2.921]), ischaemia time (1.197 [1.041–1.373] per hour), recipient age (1.017 [1.002–1.031] per year) and in recipients with pulmonary vascular resistance ≥320 dyn*s*cm^?5 (1.761 [1.115–2.781]), with ventilator dependency (3.174 [2.211–6.340]) or complex previous heart surgery (1.763 [1.270–2.449]). After donor selection had been conducted, multiple Cox regression revealed donor age, nontraumatic cause of death, troponin and ischaemia time as well as recipient age, pulmonary hypertension, ventilator dependency and previous complex heart surgery as limiting risk factors concerning patient survival.     

腹横纹小切口与传统手术对儿童腹股沟疝的疗效及安全性对比

目的比较腹横纹小切口与传统手术对儿童腹股沟疝的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2013年6月,湖北民族学院附属民大医院收治的400例腹股沟疝患儿,随机分为改进组201例,传统组199例。改进组采用腹横纹小切口术,传统组采用传统手术方式。比较二组的手术情况及预后情况。结果改进组的手术时间为（24±5）min,切口长度为（2．1±0．2）cm,术中出血量为（5．3±2．5）ml,平均住院时间为（3±1）d;传统组的手术时间为（46±10）min,切口长度为（3．6±0．3）em,术中出血量为（14．1±3．6）ml,平均住院时间为（7±1）d,以上指标二组比较差异均有统计学意义（t=2．580、1．984、2．347、2．813,P=0．011、0．049、0．019、0．005）。改进组患儿的术后恢复正常活动时间为（3．2±0．4）d,无阴囊血肿,疝复发1例（0．5％）;传统组患儿的术后恢复正常活动时间为（8．7±1．6）d,阴囊血肿9例（4．5％）,疝复发6例（3．0％）二组比较差异均有统计学意义（t=2．213,r=6．617、5．012,P=0．027、0．011、0．026）。结论腹横纹小切口术在儿童腹股沟疝的治疗上取得的效果更好,安全性更高,具有明显的优势,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

针刀治疗腹股沟疝手术后切口疼痛的临床研究

目的：探讨用针刀治疗疝修补术后切口疼痛的可行性。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2013年5月,山西省一○九医院对193例疝手术后切口疼痛的患者分别应用药物治疗、局部阻滞及针刀治疗,观察其疼痛治疗结果。结果三组患者比较,针刀治疗慢性疼痛效果明显优于药物治疗及局部阻滞效果,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5．765、6．081,P＝0．016、0．014）。结论应用针刀治疗疝修补术后切口疼痛明显有效,可广泛应用于临床。     

Competencies of specialised wound care nurses: a European Delphi study

Health care professionals responsible for patients with complex wounds need a particular level of expertise and education to ensure optimum wound care. However, uniform education for those working as wound care nurses is lacking. We aimed to reach consensus among experts from six European countries as to the competencies for specialised wound care nurses that meet international professional expectations and educational systems. Wound care experts including doctors, wound care nurses, lecturers, managers and head nurses were invited to contribute to an e‐Delphi study. They completed online questionnaires based on the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists framework. Suggested competencies were rated on a 9‐point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as an agreement of at least 75% for each competence. Response rates ranged from 62% (round 1) to 86% (rounds 2 and 3). The experts reached consensus on 77 (80%) competences. Most competencies chosen belonged to the domain ‘scholar’ (n = 19), whereas few addressed those associated with being a ‘health advocate’ (n = 7). Competencies related to professional knowledge and expertise, ethical integrity and patient commitment were considered most important. This consensus on core competencies for specialised wound care nurses may help achieve a more uniform definition and education for specialised wound care nurses.     

治疗中期的帕金森病患者辅助练习医疗气功前后认知电位P300变化观察

目的:探讨帕金森病患者在临床治疗前后辅助练习医疗气功认知电位P300的变化。方法:使用丹麦DantecConcertoSEEG-16道电生理仪器以及“听觉靶-非靶刺激序列”为诱发条件,对33例药物治疗中期的帕金森病患者作医疗气功辅助治疗3个月,观察练习医疗气功前后的P300电位的变化。结果:帕金森病组P300与正常对照组存在多项指标差异,P3潜伏期延迟尤甚。帕金森病组功前靶潜伏期P2(197±25)ms,N2(258±25)ms,P3(348±28)ms,正常对照组上述指标分别为(171±31),(235±27)ms,(313±25)ms;帕金森病组功前非靶潜伏期N1(129±27)ms,P2(226±26)ms,正常对照组上述指标分别为(99±12),(200±33)ms;帕金森病组功前靶波幅P2(4.5±1.8)μV,P3(7.8±1.7)μV,正常对照组上述指标分别为(6.2±2.7),(5.3±2.9)μV,统计学处理以上指标差异均达显著性或极显著性意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。练习医疗气功后其N2、P3潜伏期缩短的同时犤靶潜伏期N2正常对照组(235±27)ms,帕金森病组功前(258±25)ms,功后(240±21)ms,F值7.5,P<0.05;靶潜伏期P3正常对照组(313±25)ms,帕金森病组功前(348±28)ms,功后(323±25)ms,F=14.1,P<0.01〗,其临床症状也获得改善。结论:帕金森病患者有认知功能改变,在药物治疗的同时,辅助医疗气功治疗可使其获得改善。     

两种不同入路在人工耳蜗植入术中的比较

目的:比较上鼓室径路和后鼓室径路进行人工耳蜗埴入术的异同,便于选择更合适的方法完成该手术。方法:在手术中分别使用两种方法对6例患者进行人工耳蜗植入术。结果:两种方法均能达到植入人工耳蜗的目的,比较起来上鼓室径路手术困难和风险相对较小。结论:上鼓室径路避免了对鼓索神经和面神经的损害,使手术更为简便易行。     

IA和MA方案治疗急性髓系白血病临床观察

目的 评价IA和MA方案在治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)中的临床价值。方法 用t检验和卡方检验比较两组治疗方案的疗效及不良反应。结果 ①IA和MA方案的完全缓解 (CR)率分别为84.2 %和61.9 %,有显著性差异 (p<0.05) ;②两组方案治疗早期死亡率分别为7.9 %和9.5 %,无显著性差异 ( p>0.05) ;③IA方案达CR平均疗程为1.2较MA方案1.5疗程短 ;④两组方案治疗后不良反应有所差异 ,但均可耐受。结论 在AML治疗中 ,IA方案优于MA方案 ,值得临床选用。     

Preimplant Atrial Defibrillation Testing with a Temporary Catheter in Sheep

Prior to implantation of an atrial defibrillator, its effectiveness should be tested in each patient. A new catheter design for temporary use with electrodes for atrial defibrillation, electrogram sensing, and pacing was tested in this study. Atrial defibrillation thresholds defined using this temporary catheter were compared to the ones defined by catheters intended for chronic use with an implantable atrial defibrillator. Atrial defibrillation threshold was determined in six sheep using both types of catheters. Each animal was subjected to studies on 2 consecutive days. On the first day, shocks were applied between two of the temporary catheters. On the following day, permanent leads were inserted and atrial defibrillation threshold was redetermined. In both cases, defibrillation electrodes were positioned in the same heart location with one electrode in the distal coronary sinus and the second electrode in the right atrium. Atrial defibrillation threshold was obtained using 10 V increments or decrements to determine the lowest shock intensity needed to defibrillate the atria. Threshold was defined as the shock intensity at which 20 shock percent success was at or between 15 % and 85%. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) between atrial defibrillation threshold energy (0.53 J vs 0.55 J), voltage (122 V vs 120 V) or current (2.2 A vs 2.6 A) measured with the temporary catheters and the permanent leads, respectively. These data indicate that temporary catheters can be used for efficacy testing prior to implant of an atrial defibrillator, and that they predict atrial defibrillation threshold adequately for chronic leads.