高原某部官兵负性认知加工偏向特征与抑郁情绪间关系分析

目的 从高原官兵负性认知加工特征着手,探讨高原官兵心理健康状况,以及负性认知加工偏向与抑郁情绪间关系.方法 选择负性认知加工偏向问卷和流行抑郁量表,采用整群抽样,对4 635名高原某部留驻官兵进行心理测评.结果 ①在注意偏向方面,年龄(F=10.38,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=7.66,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F =4.17,P＜0.05)和职别(F=11.49,P＜0.01)差异存在统计学意义;②在记忆偏向方面,年龄(F=3.72,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=4.11,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F=13.27,P＜0.01)和职别(F=9.57,P＜0.01)差异存在统计学意义;③在解释偏向方面,年龄(F=15.05,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=11.20,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F=19.31,P＜0.01)和职别(F=24.76,P＜0.01)差异均存在统计学意义;④在沉思偏向方面,只有年龄(F=5.98,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=6.93,P＜0.01)和职别(F =6.96,P＜0.01)方面差异存在统计学意义;⑤负性认知加工偏向的4个因子与抑郁检出之间均存在相关性(r注意=0.43,r记忆=0.47,r解释=0.46,r沉思=0.58,P＜0.01).结论 负性认知加工偏向是抑郁易感者和抑郁患者的重要特征.     

卒中后非痴呆认知障碍病人的认知损害特点及护理分析

目的：探讨卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者的认知损害特点及护理干预效果,以供参考。方法将本院2011年8月至2013年7月收治的卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者70例纳入本研究,分析其认知损害特点,并实施相应的康复护理对策。对比护理干预前后认知功能、生活质量的变化。结果与护理干预前对比,护理干预后患者MMSE评分、Barthel指数均明显提高,差异经t检验后发现有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论卒中后非痴呆认知障碍患者的认知功能损害表现为延迟记忆、视空间与执行、语言、注意与计算力、抽象思维等多项认知域的联合损害,早期认知功能康复护理有助于改善认知功能、提高生活质量。     

肥胖与腔隙性脑梗死后轻度认知障碍的相关性研究

目的：探讨腹型肥胖和体重指数界定肥胖是否同为腔隙性脑梗死后轻度认知障碍的危险因素。方法：收集腔隙性脑梗死患者149例,进行蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分,采集病史、人口学资料,记录腰围、身高、体重及血管危险因素,行神经系统体检。根据认知能力将患者分为两组：轻度认知功能障碍者为病例组,认知正常者为对照组。采用非条件Logistic回归分析,最终明确两种不同类型肥胖是否同为腔隙性脑梗死后轻度认知障碍的危险因素。结果：病例组腹型肥胖率（79.5%）高于对照组（48.7%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.624,P=0.001）;而两组间体重指数界定的肥胖率（分别为20.5%、10.5%）差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：腹型肥胖是腔隙性脑梗死后轻度认知障碍的危险因素,体重指数界定的肥胖不增加腔隙性脑梗死后轻度认知障碍的风险。     

化痰祛瘀法治疗肝豆状核变性认知功能障碍21例

目的观察化痰祛瘀法治疗肝豆状核变性(hepatolenticular degeneration,HLD)认知功能障碍的疗效。方法将42例认知功能障碍的HLD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组采用常规疗法治疗,治疗组在常规疗法的基础上加用肝豆灵片,治疗前及治疗12周后,分别采用简易精神状态检查(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)量表和蒙特利尔认知评估(montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)量表评价两组患者的认知功能。结果与治疗前比较,两组治疗后MMSE总分及MoCA总分均显著升高(P0.01);治疗组在升高MMSE总分和MoCA总分方面显著优于对照组(P0.01)。结论化痰祛瘀法在改善HLD患者认知功能方面具有一定的疗效。     

Effects of two‐year testosterone replacement therapy on cognition,emotions and quality of life in young and middle‐aged hypogonadal men

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of two‐year testosterone replacement therapy on cognitive functioning, emotional state and quality of life in young and middle‐aged men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Nineteen males diagnosed with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism participated in the study. Cognitive functions were assessed by Trail Making Test and Digit Span Test of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Emotional state was evaluated by Profile of Mood States. Quality of life was evaluated by WHO Brief Quality of Life Questionnaire. Changes after two‐year testosterone replacement therapy were detected in Trail Making A (42.9 ± 22.3 vs. 36.2 ± 22.5, p = .050) and B (90.6 ± 55.3 vs. 65.6 ± 21.4, p = .025) tests, showing improvement in attention and visual scanning abilities, executive function and psychomotor speed, as well as in Digit Span Test forward score (5.4 ± 2.0 vs. 6.1 ± 2.6, p = .046), showing improvement in attention capacity and psychomotor speed. No significant differences were observed in emotional state and quality of life. In conclusion, beneficial effect in cognitive functioning (improved attention and visual scanning ability, executive function and psychomotor speed), but not in emotional state and quality of life, was observed in young and middle‐aged hypogonadal men after two‐year testosterone replacement therapy.     

术后认知功能障碍临床相关因素的研究进展

术后认知功能障碍是一种常见并且严重的术后合并症.老年人术后发生认知障碍的情况并不少见.有多种因素可能与其发生有关,包括年龄、术前合并疾病、精神状态、用药、围术期管理等.术后认知障碍的研究有助于人们认识围术期可能造成认知损害的多种因素,以便临床医生针对相关因素进行综合防治.     

Stress and its Impact on the Neurocognitive Performance of Australian Nurses

Nurses function inside a particularly stressful occupation that requires the provision of continuous care to individuals who are often in great need. Stress has been shown to impair performance and specifically shown to impair nursing quality. However, we do not yet know how stress influences the cognitive performance of nurses, and hence, the present study investigated the associations between stress and cognitive performance in nurses using electroencephalography and administered cognitive assessments. Thirty‐six nurses (34 women) of mean age 37.77 ± 11.40 years were recruited. Stress was examined using the Lifestyle Appraisal Questionnaire. Broad spectrum electroencephalogram activity at positions Fp1, Fp2, C3 and C4 was recorded for a 5‐min baseline and active phase to physiologically assess cognitive performance. Additionally, the Mini‐Mental State Exam and Cognistat were also used to measure cognitive performance. Assessed cognitive performance was not associated to stress, however, lifestyle factors, as well as a number of the examined cognitive electroencephalographic variables including changes in theta, alpha activity and gamma reactivity were. Definitively determining how stress affects the cognitive performance of nurses requires additional research; the present study forms a foundation from which future research can further expand the examination of stress exposure in nurses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

永久性肠造口患者疾病获益感的正念认知干预

目的 提高永久性肠造口患者疾病获益感及相应正性认知。方法 将60例结直肠癌行永久性肠造口术后患者随机分为对照组与观察组各30例;对照组行肠造口术后常规护理;观察组在常规护理的基础上,实施正念认知疗法干预方案8周,于干预前、干预完成时、干预完成后4周测评效果。结果 干预后观察组疾病获益感、领悟社会支持、医学应对方式、焦虑抑郁、社会心理适应得分显著优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 正念认知疗法能促进患者面对身心创伤以积极心态面对,提高疾病获益感,降低焦虑抑郁情绪,从而提高社会心理适应水平。     

老年全麻患者血清脂联素、基质金属蛋白酶-9水平与术后认知功能障碍的关系

目的 评价老年全身麻醉患者血清脂联素(adiponectin,ADP)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)水平与术后认知功能障碍(postoperation cognitive dysfunction,POCD)的关系.方法 择期全身麻醉下行全髋关节置换术老年患者98例,年龄65岁～83岁,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,性别不限.所有患者分别于手术前3d及术后1、2、3、7d采用蒙特利尔认知评估表(montreal cognitie assessment,MoCA)评估认知功能,并采集空腹静脉血标本测定血清ADP及MMP-9水平.根据术后3d是否发生POCD分为POCD组和无POCD组.结果 28例患者发生POCD,发生率为28.5％,POCD组患者术后1、2、3d及7d血清MMP-9水平[(537±68)、(481±64)、(432±64)、(393±48) μg/L]较术前[(293±50) μg/L]明显升高(P＜0.05),血清ADP水平[(4.3±1.6)、(4.7±1.2)、(5.1±1.6)、(6.0±1.1) mg/L]较术前[(9.39± 1.36) mg/L]明显下降(P＜0.05).无POCD组术后1、2d血清MMP-9水平较术前明显升高(P＜0.05),血清ADP水平较术前明显下降,术后3d均恢复至术前水平.组间比较,POCD组术后各时间血清MMP-9水平明显高于无POCD组[(439±53)、(387±66)、(301±67)、(296±54)μg/L](P＜0.05);而ADP水平均明显低于无POCD组[(5.7±1.0)、(6.7±1.4)、(9.1±1.0)、(9.4±1.2)mg/L] (P＜0.05).直线相关分析:POCD组患者血清MMP-9水平与MoCA评分呈负相关(r=-0.833,P＜0.01),ADP水平与MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.513,P＜0.01).结论 老年全麻患者术后血清ADP水平下降与MMP-9水平升高可能参与了POCD发生的病理生理过程.     

右美托咪定对老年患者全身麻醉术后认知功能障碍及炎症反应的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)对全身麻醉术后炎症反应及术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)的影响. 方法 选择行择期腹部手术全身麻醉患者60例,年龄60～75岁,采用随机数字表法分为Dex组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组30例,两组患者均采用咪达唑仑0.03～0.05 mg/kg、芬太尼2～3 μg/kg、丙泊酚0.5～1.5 mg/kg、顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg静脉注射进行麻醉诱导.D组在诱导前10 min内静脉泵入1μg/kg Dex,随后以0.2～0.7 μg·kg-1·h-1维持泵注,根据患者HR、BP等变化及时调整输注速率;C组则与D组相同时间和途径注入相同容积的生理盐水.分别于麻醉后手术前(T1)、手术结束后即刻(T2)、手术结束后24 h(T3)抽取静脉血测定血浆IL-6含量及外周血中性粒细胞NF-κB表达水平.术前1d或2d及术后第1、3、7天用简易智能量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)测定认知功能,使用简易精神测定表(abbreviated mental test,AMT)评定术后谵妄情况. 结果 13例患者出现POCD(21.67％),其中D组3例,C组10例,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组T2、T3时点外周血中性粒细胞NF-κB表达均较T1时增加(P＜0.05),但D组表达水平低于C组(P＜0.05).两组T2时点血浆IL-6水平均较T1时点明显升高(P＜0.01),且C组显著高于D组(P＜0.01);两组T3时点血浆IL-6水平较T2时点明显下降,但仍高于T1时点(P＜0.05),T3时点两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).D组外周血中性粒细胞NF-κB表达水平与血浆IL-6有良好的相关性(r=0.65,P＜0.01). 结论 POCD的发生可能与氧化应激反应有关,抑制NF-κB的激活可减少术后炎症反应及POCD的发生.