Does monthly native arteriovenous fistula blood-flow surveillance detect significant stenosis--a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines recommend that the preferred method of surveillance for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the measurement of AVF blood flow (Qa). As these recommendations are based on observational studies, we conducted a randomized, prospective, double-blind, controlled trial to assess whether Qa surveillance results in an increased detection of AVF stenosis. METHODS: A total of 137 patients were randomly assigned to receive either continuing AVF surveillance using current clinical criteria (control, usual treatment) or usual treatment plus AVF blood-flow surveillance by ultrasound dilution (Qa surveillance group). The primary outcome measure was the detection of a significant (>50%) AVF stenosis. RESULTS: There were 67 and 68 patients assigned to the control and Qa surveillance groups, respectively. Patients in the Qa surveillance group were twice as likely to have a stenosis detected compared with the control hazard ratio (HR) confidence interval (CI) group (2.27, 95% 0.85-5.98, P = 0.09), with a trend for a significant stenosis to be detected earlier in the Qa surveillance group (P = 0.09, log rank test). However, using the Qa results alone prior to angiography, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated, at best, a moderate prediction of (>50%) AVF stenosis (0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.94, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the addition of AVF Qa monitoring to clinical screening for AVF stenosis resulted in a non-significant doubling in the detection of angiographically significant AVF stenosis. Further, large multi-centre randomized trials are feasible and will be necessary to confirm whether Qa surveillance and the correction of detected AVF stenosis will lead to a reduction in AVF thrombosis and increased AVF survival.     

中重度肥胖儿童与正常儿童血脂水平及自我意识水平的差异

目的比较分析中重度肥胖儿童与正常儿童的血脂水平及自我意识水平的异同。方法对商丘市3所小学6年级学生912例进行身高、体重检测,将符合儿童中重度肥胖的26例设为肥胖组,并选择同年级自愿参与研究的身高、体重正常的健康儿童26例设为对照组。两组均由专业的临床医师和专业的心理医师进行血脂及Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表测试。结果肥胖组血总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)与正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肥胖组儿童自我意识总分及各分量表评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论中重度肥胖症儿童的血脂较正常儿童偏高,自我意识低于正常同龄儿童。提示儿童肥胖症给儿童的身心均带来不同程度的损害,应高度重视儿童肥胖症的纠正与预防。     

慢性肺心病哮喘持续状态218例临床分析

目的探索治疗慢性肺心病哮喘持续状态的方法。方法回顾性分析1983年10月～2005年3月收治的218例慢性肺心病哮喘持续状态患者的临床资料。结果哮喘持续状态在48h以内被控制的62例（28．4％）；在72h以内控制的56例（25．7％）；在120h以内控制的25例（11．5％）；在168h以内控制的34例（15．6％）；痊愈出院177例（81．2％）；死亡41例（18．8％）。结论（1）治疗慢性肺心病哮喘持续状态．根据患者的病理变化．综合治疗．效果显著。（2）在治疗过程中．要恰当选择抗生素和平喘药；对那些血液黏滞度增高的患者．要加用血液稀释疗法。（3）测定血液黏滞度和氧饱和度．可以指导治疗、估计预后．应当列为常规检查。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在颅脑系统疾病中的应用研究

随着多层螺旋CT的推广使用,使以脑血流动力学研究为目的的多层螺旋CT脑灌注成像(MSCT perfusion imaging)逐渐变为现实,为综合应用CT扫描技术提供了条件,为临床提供了一种全新的、极具潜力的、适用面广的影像检查新技术。一、CT脑灌注成像理论基础1.脑灌注成像理论的形成:在198     

遏制轻型急性胰腺炎向重症转化的非手术 治疗策略

目的 ：探讨遏制急性胰腺炎向重症转化的非手术治疗策略。方法 ：将4年间收治的286例轻型急性胰腺炎分为对照组和治疗观察组。对照组采取常规非手术治疗措施;观察组加用改善胰腺微循环，防治细胞钙超载和抑制胰酶的治疗方法。结果 ：对照组144轻型有20例转化为重症胰腺炎，14例发生全身性并发症;观察组142例轻型有8例转化为重症，2例出现全身性并发症。观察组重症患者血C-反应蛋白和Balthazar CT严重度指数在治疗后各时点较对照组明显降低。结论 ：在常规治疗的基础上加用改善胰腺微循环，防治细胞钙超载和抑制胰酶的治疗措施可能有助于阻止轻型急性胰腺炎向重症化发展。     

Clinical significance of urinary white blood cell count and serum C-reactive protein level for detection of non-palpable prostate cancer

AIM: The clinical significance of the urinary white blood cell (U-WBC) count and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was evaluated in an effort to improve the efficiency of prostate biopsies. METHODS: We enrolled 228 consecutive patients with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ranging from 3.0 to 20.0 ng/mL, normal digital rectal examination findings, and who underwent prostate biopsies between January 2001 and August 2004. Of these, 157 patients had histologically confirmed benign prostatic disease and the remaining 71 patients had prostate cancer. Patients with a pretreatment U-WBC count < or =3 or >3/high power field were defined as non-pyuria and pyuria, respectively. The patients were also separated into two groups based on the serum CRP level prior to biopsy. Several clinical factors were compared among these subgroups. RESULTS: Inflammation was histologically detected at rates of 58.1% and 34.1% in the pyuria and non-pyuria groups, respectively (P = 0.0014). The rates of cancer detection were significantly lower in the pyuria, than in the non-pyuria group (P = 0.0384). The cancer detection rates did not significantly differ according to serum CRP levels prior to biopsy. CONCLUSION: The U-WBC count appears to be a reliable indicator of minute prostatic inflammation. The serum PSA level was elevated in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis. Counting U-WBC is a simple, convenient and non-invasive method that should be valuable part of routine urological examinations.     

剖宫产术后下肢深静脉血栓的护理

目的探讨剖宫产术后深静脉血栓的护理经验。方法将2003年1月～2005年12月行剖宫产术的产妇76例，采取护理干预，加强饮食指导、抗凝血及溶栓护理。结果70例患者治愈，4例留有后遗症，2例转院，未跟踪报告。结论剖宫产术后易发生深静脉血栓；而高龄、经产、多胎、有产科并发症是其高危因素；应用护理措施进行积极干预，起到较好的预防作用，能保证产妇生命安全，提高产科护理质量。     

2 121例老年急性冠脉综合征患者血清脂类浓度的分析

目的分析60岁以上老年人血清脂类水平的参考值,并探讨急性冠脉综合征与血脂指标的相关性.方法将3 766例健康成人分为≤60岁和＞60岁的两个年龄段,采用生物化学的方法测量他们的血脂水平,找出60岁以上老年人的脂类参考值.同时分析2 121例老年急性冠脉综合征病人的脂类指标.结果 60岁以上老年人血脂参考值为:TC 4.65±1.96×1.05mmol/L;TG 1.02±1.96×0.45mmol/L;HDL-C 1.47±1.96×0.40mmol/L;LDL-C 2.98±1.96×0.56mmol/L;ApoA1 1.32±1.96×0.25g/L;ApoB 0.99±1.96×0.35g/L,并且急性心肌梗死和不稳定性心绞痛病人血清脂类各项指标之间没有显著性差异.结论血清LDL-C/HDL-C＞5和TG ≥1.9mmol/L这两项联合指标比其他单独指标与老年人急性冠脉综合征关系更密切.     

血栓的形成及中药抗栓溶栓概况

血栓形成是由于正常的凝血机制的扰乱而促使某些血细胞和蛋白质被激活相互作用而最终导致血小板－纤维蛋白血栓的形成．ＡＴ－Ⅲ、ＰＣ、ＴＭ是体内重要的抗凝物质．白细胞与血小板的相互作用、ＰＧＩ２／ＴＸＡ２值以及许多疾病状态是影响血栓形成的诸因素．许多中药具有抗血小板聚集、抗血栓形成的作用，包括生物碱类，如小檗碱、北豆根碱和钩藤碱；中药蒲黄、花椒、沙棘、大蒜的提取物；一些中药复方等．     

CROSSOVER COMPARISON BETWEEN THE DEPRESSOR EFFECTS OF LOW AND HIGH WORK-RATE EXERCISE IN MILD HYPERTENSION

1. The relationship between work-rate and the antihypertensive effect of exercise in hypertensives, and the mechanism of that effect, were investigated by a crossover clinical trial. 2. Ten mild hypertensives were randomly divided into two groups. One group performed low work-rate exercise (LWE) on a cycle ergometer for 10 weeks (blood lactate threshold; ～50% of maximum oxygen consumption [V?_O2max]). After a 10 week interval without exercise training, these subjects were then switched to a high work-rate exercise (HWE) regimen (4 mmol/ L of blood lactate; ～75% of V?_O2max) for another 10 weeks. In the other group, the order of exercise training was reversed. Since two patients withdrew from the protocol during HWE periods, statistical analysis was performed on the data from the remaining eight patients. There were no order effects observed in any of the data from the two groups. 3. During both LWE and HWE, resting blood pressure (BP) fell significantly after the initiation of exercise therapy (P<0.05). Furthermore, the overall effects of 10 weeks of LWE and HWE on BP were not significantly different. 4. The work-rate at the lactate threshold, which reflects physical fitness, had increased significantly by 16 W (P<0.01) after the LWE period and by 11 W (P<0.01) after the HWE. 5. During the LWE period, changes in haemodynamic and humoral variables were not significant, except for a reduction in plasma norepinephrine at week 10 (P<0.05). In the HWE period, changes in haemodynamic and humoral variables were not significant. 6. Based on these findings, LWE is recommended for mild hypertensives because of its safety.