In vivo measurement of the shear modulus of the human vocal fold: interim results from eight patients

The shear modulus of the vocal fold is an essential parameter required to enhance our understanding of how the vocal fold operates, to develop mathematical models of phonatation, and to provide benchmarks to quantify the effectiveness of surgical procedures. The authors announced the successful deployment of an instrument to measure vocal fold elasticity in vivo last year, and now present the data taken from eight patients in vivo. The shear modulus was measured at the mid-membranous point, in a transverse direction with respect to the axis drawn between the anterior commissure and vocal process. The range of mean shear modulus results is 701–2,225 Pa, with a mean value of 1,371 Pa.     

人正常下颌升支区应力分布的三维有限元法分析

目的：对正常人下颌升支在不同咀嚼力作用时应力分布情况进行三维有限元分析。方法：采用三维有限元应力分析的方法，对正常离体人下颌升支在不同加载条件下的应力分布特征进行对比定量分析。结果：(1)所有载荷形式的各种应力值，随着单元距加载点的距离的增大，其应力值相对减小。(2)下颌骨下颌角、升支后缘的应力梯度变化较大。结论：下颌骨下颌角、升支后缘是应力相对集中的区域，也是临床上常见的下颌骨骨折区，同时还是下颌升支矢状骨劈开术后加强固定以及防止骨段移位的区域。     

补肾方剂对去势大鼠骨代谢影响的实验研究

使用补肾方剂(补肾健骨胶囊)对切除卵巢的雌性成年大鼠进行了不同剂量的药物治疗，并与正常对照组、模型组和尼尔雌醇治疗组的大鼠进行了对比。统计学结果显示，补肾健骨腔囊治疗可有效改善卵巢切除大鼠骨质疏松症，各项骨检测指标明显好于模型组，差异有显著性和非常显著性(P＜0．05～0．001)。补肾健骨腔囊治疗后大鼠骨载荷、骨桡度、骨强度等生物力学指标明显好于模型组(P＜0．05～0．001)。说明补肾健骨胶囊治疗可明显的改善骨质疏松大鼠的骨质丢失状态，提高骨骼抵抗外力冲击的能力，有效的防治骨质琉松症，避免骨折的发生。     

人头部力锤冲击试验的生物力学研究

目的：探讨人头部受主动冲击的钝力作用时的力响应特点,同时测试头部各部位承受最大冲击力的限度,从冲击动力学角度去探讨颅脑损伤的生物力学机理。方法：使用配备大量程力传感器的力锤对人尸体头部各部位进行冲击试验,记录接触力响应曲线,并手工记录锤头的质地、质量、初速度、冲击面大小,以及被冲击的头部是否有破坏性反应(头皮挫裂及颅骨骨折)。结果：人头部对主动冲击的钝物的接触力响应曲线为类似正弦波的脉冲波形,其波形宽度及峰值因冲击物的质地、有无头皮等发生变化;人头部在小面积钝物的冲击作用下,造成头皮挫裂的冲击力最大值平均为5100N;使颞部、顶部、额部、枕部骨折的冲击力最大值的平均值分别为6200、8100、8300、11000N;利用试验得到的数据,验证了作用于头部的钝物与头部组成的系统相当于带有强阻尼的弹簧振子。结论：头部在受到主动冲击时,典型的接触力一时间曲线为类似正弦波的脉冲波形;大面积的钝器作用于头部造成的颅骨骨折,更多发生延伸至远处的线形骨折;本试验还得出了人头部能耐受的冲击力大小等参数,这些对于建立有限元模型进行分析和验证是必须的。     

Evolution of Vertebroplasty: A Biomechanical Perspective

This paper is a collection of computational, finite element studies on vertebroplasty performed in our laboratory, which attempts to provide new biomechanical evidence and a fresh perspective into how the procedure can be implemented more effectively toward the goal of preventing osteoporosis-related fractures. The percutaneous application of a bone cement to vertebral defects associated with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture has proven clinical successful in alleviating back pain. When the biomechanical efficacy of the procedure was examined, however, vertebroplasty was found to be limited in its ability to provide sufficient augmentation to prevent further fractures without risking complications arising from cement extravasations. The procedure may instead be more efficient biomechanically as a prophylactic treatment, to mechanically reinforce osteoporotic vertebrae at risk for fracture. Patient selection for such intervention may be reliably achieved with the more accurate fracture risk assessments based on vertebral strength, predicted using geometrically detailed, specimen-specific finite element models, rather than on bone density alone. Optimal cement volume, placement, and material properties were also recommended. The future of vertebroplasty involving biodegradable augmentation material laced with osteogenic agents that upon release will stimulate new bone growth and increase bone mass was proposed.     

脊柱三维运动实验加载方式的改进

目的:改进三维运动实验的加载方式。方法:新鲜羊腰椎标本6例(L1~5),置于脊柱三维运动实验机上进行六个自由度的运动。两次预加载后依次对标本进行3、0、0.3Nm的加载,并采集三种加载时的运动图像。3Nm加载及0加载的图像作为传统加载方式计算出脊柱的运动范围及中性区,3Nm加载及0.3Nm加载的图像作为新的加载方式计算出新的脊柱运动范围及中性区,再对两种计算方法得出的运动范围及中性区进行配对t检验,计算两种方法各自的变异率,并进行配对t检验。结果:两种方法得到的运动范围之间不存在差异(P=0.105),但中性区之间存在显著性差异(P=0.013)。采用新的加载方式得到的运动范围的变异系数比以往的方法要小得多(P<0.001)。结论:采用新的加载方式可以得到较为准确的脊柱运动的运动范围。     

臀肌重建术的解剖学和生物力学优化分析

在六侧新鲜儿童标本上,对臀肌重建术进行了应用解剖学和生物力学优化分析,比较了骶棘肌、腰大肌、背阔肌和腹外斜肌重建臀肌的效果,得到了移位肌的最优移置部位和移位后重建臀肌功能的估算。结果表明骶棘肌重建臀肌的效果最好,以下依次是腰大肌、背阔肌和胸外斜肌。     

续断对大鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合影响的生物力学实验研究

目的:观察续断对大鼠去卵巢骨质疏松性骨折模型骨折愈合中生物力学性能的影响。材料与方法:选取30只4月龄大鼠,分为假手术骨折对照组、去卵巢骨折对照组、去卵巢骨折中药处理组。后两组去卵巢3月造成绝经后骨质疏松模型,之后三组均造成桡骨远端骨折,灌药1月后检测桡骨骨痂生物力学强度。结果:中药处理组最大剪切力17.76±1.25N,剪切应力1.12±0.13N/mm2,生物力学性能与基础骨折对照组相接近,明显优于去卵巢骨折对照组(P<0.01)。结论:续断能改善骨质疏松性骨折愈合骨痂的生物力学性能,具有一定的促进骨折愈合的作用。     

颈椎内植入固定器生物力学性能测试系统的研究

在颈椎生物力学研究中,通过离体实验对颈椎内植入固定器的生物力学性能进行评价是国际上普遍采用并认可的方法.本研究利用多靶点三维运动跟踪系统和USB数据采集卡,以LabVIEW和Matlab为软件开发平台,构建了颈椎内植入固定器生物力学性能测试系统.测试参数包括三维运动角度范围(ROM)和压力载荷值.对颈椎模型的测试结果表明,本系统能有效地用于颈椎生物力学的离体实验测试.     

An Analytic Model of Subminiature Auditory Sensation System for Sound Source Localization

It is reported that some types of insects have a remarkable ability to detect the direction of an incident sound even though its acoustic sensory organs are in very close proximity each other. Maybe the ears are jointed by a cuticular structure with which the separated motions can be coupled mechanically and thus be magnified. In this paper, a detailed model is setup to describe the principle of this type of localization using a mechanical coupled structure. The transfer functions and the responses of the model in terms of time and frequency are analyzed to describe the mechanism of its ability of directional hearing. This analytical model provides a method to design the experimental model for the predetermined incident sound pressure, and the analysis of this model shows that this structure have the ability to determine the direction of the incident stimulus.