大鼠腓总神经“π”式桥接于胫神经后再生神经的电生理溯源

目的 研究大鼠胫神经原位桥接切断的腓总神经，观察腓总神经再生程度、神经纤维的来源等。方法 将断裂的腓总神经近端和远端分别就近与胫神经施行端侧吻合，存活18个月后，电生理检测再生神经纤维的动作电位传导，取腓总神经远段行光镜及电镜观察神经纤维再生数量及状态。结果 远段腓总神经有明显的神经纤维再生，远段腓总神经通过邻近神经的桥接与近段腓总神经之间有动作电位传导。结论 断裂腓总神经“π”式桥接于胫神经，部分再生神经纤维可能来源于原腓总神经近段，部分来自胫神经。     

中药安迪对HL-60细胞分化的诱导作用

目的　探讨安迪粉针剂 (Andi)对 HL- 60细胞分化的诱导作用 .方法　采用人早幼粒白血病细胞株 (HL - 60 )为靶细胞 ,分为不加任何药物的对照组 (C组 )、安迪粉针剂 (Andi)组、阳性对照药维甲酸 (RA)组和苦参 (KS)组 ,进行体外培养和诱导分化 ,观测细胞生长曲线、细胞形态、硝基蓝四氮唑(NBT)还原和吞噬能力等指标 .结果　 2 mg· L-1 Andi可显著地抑制 HL - 60细胞增殖 ,使原始细胞分化为中幼以下的成熟细胞 ,分化后的细胞具有 NBT还原能力和吞噬功能 ;Andi为 68.0 % ,RA为 61 .5% ,KS为 59.0 % ,C组还原能力仅6.0 % (P<0 .0 1 vs C) .其形态的改变和吞噬能力与阳性对照药维甲酸 (RA)和苦参 (KS)相似 ,分别为 52 .0 % ,45.5%和56.5% (P>0 .0 5) ;均明显高于空白对照组 .C组吞噬功能仅7.5% (P <0 .0 1 vs C)其 NBT还原能力与 KS相当 (P >0 .0 5) .结论　 Andi对 HL - 60细胞具有显著的诱导分化作用     

Systemic effects of two nasally administered glucocorticosteroids

Two topical corticosteroids, budesonide (BUD) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), both administered as suspensions in water, were investigated in healthy volunteers regarding influence on cortisol in plasma and urine (U-cortisol) after nasal application. In the first study, single doses of 200, 400, and 800 μg of BDP and BUD were given at 10:00 pm. In the second study, 100, 200, and 400 μg were given mornings and evenings for 4 days. In the single-dose study, none of the drugs or doses showed any significant influence on cortisol in plasma. However, U-cortisol decreased significantly after BUD 400 and 800 μg. In the multidose study, U-cortisol values were significantly reduced after all doses of BUD and the highest dose of BDP. The compounds tested showed different ability to cause measurable systemic effects after nasal application. The clinical implication is that the prescriber, when choosing a compound, should take the application site into consideration and should also be encouraged to find the lowest effective dose.     

化学染发剂和冷烫精的毒性及对人体健康影响的调查研究

本文通过化学染发剂和冷烫精对大白鼠骨髓多染红细胞，毛囊细胞的微核实验及人群健康影响调查，结果表明化学染发剂，冷烫清具有较强致突变作用，两者同时使用致突变明显增强，并提出研制高效无毒染发剂和加强防护的重要性。     

动脉分支处的红细胞流变学研究与小动脉端侧吻合

为了探讨动脉分支处及小动脉端侧吻合处的血液流动方式，采用微循环电视显微镜成像技术，活体观察大鼠肠系膜微动脉分支区域血液流动方式和红细胞流变行为，研究动脉血流方向的改变对血流方式的影响。实验中观察到，在形态各异的大鼠肠系膜微动脉分支区域血液流态为稳定层流；红细胞通过不规则变形能很好地适应血管腔不同的几何形态，以保持血液流态的稳定。结果表明，微小动脉血流方向的改变未能在分支区域导致湍流发生，小动脉端侧吻合只是人为增加了侧支循环，同样不会导致血流紊乱和增加血栓形成的危险     

Super-reactivity to amphetamine toxicity induced by schedule of reinforcement

The chronic exposure of rats to a schedule of operant water reinforcement coupled with chronically restricted access to water sensitized the animals to intermittentd-amphetamine injections (0.31–2.5 mg/kg with intervals of 12–23 days between any two injections) in such a way that this drug came to produce catastrophic losses of body weight (32.4% of control levels). In the sessions whend-amphetamine was administered, the rats were also given a total of 12 brief electric shocks. Loss of body weight was unaccompanied by parallel changes in operant behavior performance, or in food or water intake. Remarkably, in other studies with the same interventions (sham schedule sessions, water deprivation, and foot shocks), with the exception that reinforcers were never delivered,d-amphetamine did not produce catastrophic falls in body weight. This super-reactivity tod-amphetamine toxicity may be mediated by a possible stressor action of the schedule of reinforcement. Its mechanism might be analogous to the known sensitization produced by classical experimental stressor stimuli to the repeated administration ofd-amphetamine.     

Effect of dietary fat content on the bioavailability of a sustained release quinidine gluconate tablet

Quinidine gluconate 324 mg sustained release tablets (Quinaglute) was administered as a single dose to 15 healthy male subjects following an overnight fast, immediately following a high fat (HF) breakfast or immediately following a low fat (LF) breakfast. Serum samples were obtained over a 48 h period and analyzed for quinidine content using a high performance liquid chromatographic assay. Under the conditions of the study, both the rate and extent of quinidine bioavailability was significantly affected by food. The extent of bioavailability was statistically significantly greater (p less than 0.05) following both the HF and LF meals as compared to that in the fasted state. Rate of bioavailability was significantly enhanced following the LF meal as compared to that of the other two treatment groups. Although peak concentrations were greater and time to peak concentrations somewhat later following the HF meal versus those under fasting conditions, these differences were not statistically significant. In addition, the characteristics of the serum concentration-time profile (as defined by the number, magnitude, and time of occurrence of the multiple absorption maxima) was unique for each of the three treatment groups. Possible mechanisms underlying these results are explored.     

Comparative effects of enoximone and theophylline on plasma catecholamines and haemodynamics in cardiosurgical patients

Summary The release of endogenous catecholamines in aorto-coronary bypass graft patients receiving either 0.5 mg/kg enoximone (n=10), 4.0 mg/kg theophylline (n=10) or saline solution (control,n=10) has been studied, as well as certain haemodynamic parameters. Adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) concentrations were not significantly changed by the administration of enoximone. Theophylline caused a small increase in NA (+ 40% in the 1st min) and a marked increase in A (approximately + 7000% in the 1st min), which still remained elevated at the end of the investigation period (+ 220% in the 30th min). The major haemodynamic effects of enoximone were a significant increase in cardiac index (CI; + 35%) and a decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP; −27%), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP; −21%), RVEDV and RVESV, while the heart rate (HR) remained almost unchanged. The dominant haemodynamic effects of theophylline were an increase in HR (+ 26%; arrhythmia in 3 patients), PAP (+ 22%), and RVEDV (+ 19%), while REVESV (+ 26%), MAP (−16%), CI (−14%), and RVEF (−15%) fell significantly. It is concluded that the haemodynamic actions of enoximone are not mediated by catecholamine release, whereas the adverse cardiovascular effects of theophylline might partly be explained by the significant increase in plasma adrenaline.     

Guidelines and recommendations for MR imaging safety and patient management III. Questionnaire for screening patients before MR procedures

The authors present the third installment of the guidelines and recommendations from the Safety Committee of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (now the Society of Magnetic Resonance) concerning various issues related to the safety and management of patients undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures. This document was developed to provide standardized and consistent information for use by health practitioners involved in screening patients or other individuals for MR procedures.